16. Vīsatinipāto

1. Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vīsatinipāte yaññatthaṃ vātiādikā āyasmato aparassa adhimuttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute bhikkhusaṅghaṃ upaṭṭhahanto mahādānāni pavattesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde āyasmato saṃkiccattherassa bhaginiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, adhimuttotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto mātulattherassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃyeva ṭhito arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.84-88) –

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;

Upaṭṭhahiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Nimantetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, ujubhūtaṃ samāhitaṃ;

Ucchunā maṇḍapaṃ katvā, bhojesiṃ saṅghamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ athamānusaṃ;

Sabbe satte abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ucchudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento upasampajjitukāmo ‘‘mātaraṃ āpucchissāmī’’ti mātu santikaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge devatāya balikammakaraṇatthaṃ maṃsapariyesanaṃ carantehi pañcasatehi corehi samāgacchi. Corā ca taṃ aggahesuṃ ‘‘devatāya bali bhavissatī’’ti. So corehi gahitopi abhīto acchambhī vippasannamukhova aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ disvā coragāmaṇiacchariyabbhutacittajāto pasaṃsanto –

705.

‘‘Yaññatthaṃ vā dhanatthaṃ vā, ye hanāma mayaṃ pure;

Avasesaṃ bhayaṃ hoti, vedhanti vilapanti ca.

706.

‘‘Tassa te natthi bhītattaṃ, bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdati;

Kasmā na paridevesi, evarūpe mahabbhaye’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha yaññatthanti yajanatthaṃ devatānaṃ balikammakaraṇatthaṃ vā. Vā-saddo vikappanattho. Dhanatthanti sāpateyyaharaṇatthaṃ. Ye hanāma mayaṃ pureti ye satte mayaṃ pubbe hanimha. Atītatthe hi idaṃ vattamānavacanaṃ. Avaseti avase aserike katvā. Tanti tesaṃ. ‘‘Avasesanti’’pi paṭhanti. Amhehi gahitesu taṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesānaṃ; ayameva vā pāṭho. Bhayaṃ hotīti maraṇabhayaṃ hoti. Yena te vedhanti vilapanti,cittutrāsena vedhanti , ‘‘sāmi, tumhākaṃ idañcidañca dassāma, dāsā bhavissāmā’’tiādikaṃ vadantā vilapanti.

Tassa teti yo tvaṃ amhehi devatāya balikammatthaṃ jīvitā voropetukāmehi ukkhittāsikehi santajjito, tassa te. Bhītattanti bhītabhāvo, bhayanti attho. Bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdatīti pakativaṇṇato uparipi te mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdati. Therassa kira tadā ‘‘sace ime māressanti, idānevāhaṃ anupādāya parinibbāyissāmi, dukkhabhāro vigacchissatī’’ti uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajji. Evarūpe mahabbhayeti edise mahati maraṇabhaye upaṭṭhite. Hetuatthe vā etaṃ bhummavacanaṃ.

Idāni thero coragāmaṇissa paṭivacanadānamukhena dhammaṃ desento –

707.

‘‘Natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa gāmaṇi;

Atikkantā bhayā sabbe, khīṇasaṃyojanassa ve.

708.

‘‘Khīṇāya bhavanettiyā, diṭṭhe dhamme yathātathe;

Na bhayaṃ maraṇe hoti, bhāranikkhepane yathā.

709.

‘‘Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;

Maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthi, rogānamiva saṅkhaye.

710.

‘‘Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;

Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhā, visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitaṃ.

711.

‘‘Pāragū anupādāno, katakicco anāsavo;

Tuṭṭho āyukkhayā hoti, mutto āghātanā yathā.

712.

‘‘Uttamaṃ dhammataṃ patto, sabbaloke anatthiko;

Ādittāva gharā mutto, maraṇasmiṃ na socati.

713.

‘‘Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñci, bhavo vā yattha labbhati;

Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etaṃ, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.

714.

‘‘Yo taṃ tathā pajānāti, yathā buddhena desitaṃ;

Na gaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñci, sutattaṃva ayoguḷaṃ.

715.

‘‘Na me hoti ‘ahosi’nti, ‘bhavissa’nti na hoti me;

Saṅkhārā vigamissanti, tattha kā paridevanā.

716.

‘‘Suddhaṃ dhammasamuppādaṃ, suddhaṃ saṅkhārasantatiṃ;

Passantassa yathābhūtaṃ, na bhayaṃ hoti gāmaṇi.

717.

‘‘Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokaṃ, yadā paññāya passati;

Mamattaṃ so asaṃvindaṃ, ‘natthi me’ti na socati.

718.

‘‘Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrena, bhavenamhi anatthiko;

Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyo, añño ca na bhavissati.

719.

‘‘Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrena, taṃ karotha yadicchatha;

Na me tappaccayā tattha, doso pemañca hehitī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

720.

‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Satthāni nikkhipitvāna, māṇavā etadabravu’’nti. –

Ayaṃ saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā. Ito aparā tisso corānaṃ, therassa ca vacanapaṭivacanagāthā –

721.

‘‘Kiṃ bhadante karitvāna, ko vā ācariyo tava;

Kassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.

722.

‘‘Sabbaññū sabbadassāvī, jino ācariyo mama;

Mahākāruṇiko satthā, sabbalokatikicchako.

723.

‘‘Tenāyaṃ desito dhammo, khayagāmī anuttaro;

Tassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.

724.

‘‘Sutvāna corā isino subhāsitaṃ, nikkhippa satthāni ca āvudhāni ca;

Tamhā ca kammā viramiṃsu eke, eke ca pabbajjamarocayiṃsu.

725.

‘‘Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsane, bhāvetva bojjhaṅgabalāni paṇḍitā;

Udaggacittā sumanā katindriyā, phusiṃsu nibbānapadaṃ asaṅkhata’’nti. –

Imāpi saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā.

Tattha natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa, gāmaṇīti gāmaṇi, apekkhāya, taṇhāya, abhāvena anapekkhassa mādisassa, lohitasabhāvo pubbo viya, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ natthi, domanassābhāvāpadesena bhayābhāvaṃ vadati. Tenāha ‘‘atikkantā bhayā sabbe’’ti. Atikkantā bhayā sabbeti khīṇasaṃyojanassa arahato pañcavīsati mahābhayā, aññe ca sabbepi bhayā ekaṃsena atikkantā atītā, apagatāti attho.

Diṭṭhe dhamme yathātatheti catusaccadhamme pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena maggapaññāya yathābhūtaṃ diṭṭhe. Maraṇeti maraṇahetu. Bhāranikkhepane yathāti yathā koci puriso sīse ṭhitena mahatā garubhārena saṃsīdanto tassa nikkhepane, apanayane na bhāyati, evaṃ sampadamidanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;

Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukha’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 3.22);

Suciṇṇanti suṭṭhu caritaṃ. Brahmacariyanti, sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ. Tato eva maggo cāpi subhāvito aṭṭhaṅgiko ariyamaggopi sammadeva bhāvito. Rogānamiva saṅkhayeti yathā bahūhi rogehi abhibhūtassa āturassa rogānaṃ saṅkhaye pītisomanassameva hoti, evaṃ khandharogasaṅkhaye maraṇe mādisassa bhayaṃ natthi.

Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhāti tīhi dukkhatāhi abhibhūtā, ekādasahi aggīhi ādittā, tayo bhavā nirassādā, assādarahitā, mayā diṭṭhā. Visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitanti pamādavasena visaṃ pivitvā tādisena payogena chaḍḍitaṃ viya maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti attho.

Muttoāghātanā yathāti yathā corehi māraṇatthaṃ āghātanaṃ nīto kenaci upāyena tato mutto haṭṭhatuṭṭho hoti, evaṃ saṃsārapāraṃ, nibbānaṃ, gatattā pāragū, catūhipi upādānehi anupādāno, pariññādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ kiccānaṃ katattā katakicco kāmāsavādīhi anāsavo, āyukkhayā āyukkhayahetu tuṭṭho somanassiko hoti.

Uttamanti seṭṭhaṃ. Dhammatanti, dhammasabhāvaṃ. Arahatte siddhe sijjhanahetu iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvaṃ. Sabbaloketi sabbalokasmimpi, dīghāyukasukhabahulatādivasena saṃyuttepi loke. Anatthikoti, anapekkho. Ādittāva gharā muttoti yathā koci puriso samantato ādittato pajjalitato gehato nissaṭo, tato nissaraṇanimittaṃ na socati, evaṃ khīṇāsavo maraṇanimittaṃ na socati.

Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñcīti yaṃkiñci imasmiṃ loke atthi, vijjati, upalabbhati saṅgataṃ, sattehi saṅkhārehi vā samāgamo, samodhānaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhata’’ntipi pāṭho, tassa yaṃkiñci paccayehi samacca sambhuyya kataṃ, paṭiccasamuppannanti attho. Bhavo vā yattha labbhatīti yasmiṃ sattanikāye yo upapattibhavo labbhati. Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etanti sabbametaṃ issararahitaṃ, na ettha kenaci ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti issariyaṃ vattetuṃ sakkā. Iti vuttaṃ mahesināti ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti evaṃ vuttaṃ mahesinā sammāsambuddhena. Tasmā ‘‘anissaraṃ eta’’nti pajānanto maraṇasmiṃ na socatīti yojanā.

Nagaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñcīti yo ariyasāvako ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 277) yathā buddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ, tathā taṃ bhavattayaṃ vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pajānāti. So yathā koci puriso sukhakāmo divasaṃ santattaṃ ayoguḷaṃ hatthena na gaṇhāti, evaṃ kiñci khuddakaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhavaṃ na gaṇhāti, na tattha taṇhaṃ karotīti attho.

Na me hoti ‘‘ahosi’’nti ‘‘atītamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ īdiso ahosi’’nti attadiṭṭhivasena na me cittappavatti atthi diṭṭhiyā sammadeva ugghāṭitattā, dhammasabhāvassa ca sudiṭṭhattā. ‘‘Bhavissa’’nti na hoti meti tato eva ‘‘anāgatamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ ediso kathaṃ nu kho bhavissaṃ bhaveyya’’nti evampi me na hoti. Saṅkhārā vigamissantīti evaṃ pana hoti ‘‘yathāpaccayaṃ pavattamānā saṅkhārāva, na ettha koci attā vā attaniyaṃ vā, te ca kho vigamissanti , vinassissanti, khaṇe khaṇe bhijjissantī’’ti. Tattha kā paridevanāti evaṃ passantassa mādisassa tattha saṅkhāragate kā nāma paridevanā.

Suddhanti kevalaṃ, attasārena asammissaṃ. Dhammasamuppādanti paccayapaccayuppannadhammasamuppattiṃ avijjādipaccayehi saṅkhārādidhammamattappavattiṃ. Saṅkhārasantatinti kilesakammavipākappabhedasaṅkhārapabandhaṃ. Passantassa yathābhūtanti saha vipassanāya maggapaññāya yāthāvato jānantassa.

Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokanti yathā araññe apariggahe tiṇakaṭṭhe kenaci gayhamāne aparassa ‘‘mayhaṃ santakaṃ ayaṃ gaṇhatī’’ti na hoti, evaṃ so asāmikatāya tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ saṅkhāralokaṃ yadā paññāya passati, so tattha mamattaṃ asaṃvindaṃ asaṃvindanto alabhanto akaronto. Natthi meti ‘‘ahu vata sohaṃ, taṃ me natthī’’ti na socati.

Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrenāti asārakena abhinudena dukkhena akataññunā asuciduggandhajegucchapaṭikkūlasabhāvena iminā kāyena ukkaṇṭhāmi imaṃ kāyaṃ nibbindanto evaṃ tiṭṭhāmi. Bhavenamhi anatthikoti sabbenapi bhavena anatthiko amhi, na kiñci bhavaṃ patthemi. Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyoti ayaṃ mama kāyo idāni tumhākaṃ payogena aññathā vā aññattha bhijjissati. Añño ca na bhavissatīti añño kāyo mayhaṃ āyatiṃ na bhavissati, punabbhavābhāvato.

Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrenāti yaṃ tumhākaṃ iminā sarīrena payojanaṃ, taṃ karotha yadicchatha, icchatha ce. Na me tappaccayāti, taṃ nimittaṃ imassa sarīrassa tumhehi yathicchitakiccassa karaṇahetu. Tatthāti tesu karontesu ca akarontesu ca. Doso pemañca hehitīti yathākkamaṃ paṭigho anunayo na bhavissati, attano bhave apekkhāya sabbaso pahīnattāti adhippāyo. Aññapaccayā aññattha ca paṭighānunayesu asantesupi tappaccayā, ‘‘tatthā’’ti vacanaṃ yathādhigatavasena vuttaṃ.

Tassāti adhimuttattherassa. Taṃ vacananti ‘‘natthi cetasikaṃ dukkha’’ntiādikaṃ maraṇe bhayābhāvādidīpakaṃ, tato eva abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā. Māṇavāti corā. Corā hi ‘‘māṇavā’’ti vuccanti ‘‘māṇavehi saha gacchanti katakammehi akatakammehipī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) viya.

Kiṃbhadante karitvānāti, bhante, kiṃ nāma tapokammaṃ katvā. Ko vā tava ācariyo kassa sāsanaṃ, ovādaṃ nissāya ayaṃ asokatā maraṇakāle sokābhāvo labbhatīti etaṃ atthaṃ abravuṃ, pucchāvasena kathesuṃ, bhāsiṃsu.

Taṃ sutvā thero tesaṃ paṭivacanaṃ dento ‘‘sabbaññū’’tiādimāha. Tattha sabbaññūti paropadesena vinā sabbapakārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇassa adhigamena atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānātīti, sabbaññū. Teneva samantacakkhunā sabbassa dassanato sabbadassāvī. Yamhi anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ, tadeva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, nattheva asādhāraṇañāṇapāḷiyā virodho visayuppattimukhena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ (itivu. aṭṭha. 38) vitthārato vuttamevāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Pañcannampi mārānaṃ vijayato jino, hīnādivibhāgabhinne sabbasmiṃ sattanikāye adhimuttavuttitāya mahatiyā karuṇāya samannāgatattā mahākāruṇiko, diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ veneyyānaṃ anusāsanato satthā, tato eva sabbalokassa kilesarogatikicchanato sabbalokatikicchako, sammāsambuddho ācariyo mamāti yojanā. Khayagāmīti nibbānagāmī.

Evaṃ therena satthu sāsanassa ca guṇe pakāsite paṭiladdhasaddhā ekacce corā pabbajiṃsu, ekacce upāsakattaṃ pavedesuṃ. Tamatthaṃ dīpento dhammasaṅgāhakā ‘‘sutvāna corā’’tiādinā dve gāthā abhāsiṃsu. Tattha isinoti adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ esanaṭṭhena isino, adhimuttattherassa. Nikkhippāti pahāya. Satthāni ca āvudhāni cāti asiādisatthāni ceva dhanukalāpādiāvudhāni ca. Tamhā ca kammāti tato corakammato.

Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsaneti te corā sobhanagamanatādīhi sugatassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajjaṃ upagantvā. Bhāvanāvisesādhigatāya odagyalakkhaṇāya pītiyā samannāgamena udaggacittā. Sumanāti somanassappattā. Katindriyāti bhāvitindriyā. Phusiṃsūti aggamaggādhigamena asaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchiṃsu. Adhimutto kira core nibbisevane katvā, te tattheva ṭhapetvā, mātu santikaṃ gantvā, mātaraṃ āpucchitvā, paccāgantvā tehi saddhiṃ upajjhāyassa santikaṃ gantvā, pabbājetvā upasampadaṃ akāsi. Atha tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi , te nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘pabbajitvā…pe… asaṅkhata’’nti.

Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Samaṇassa ahu cintātiādikā āyasmato pārāpariyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa vayappattassa gottavasena pārāpariyotveva samaññā ahosi. So tayo vede uggahetvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato. Ekadivasaṃ satthu dhammadesanākāle jetavanavihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīdi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā indriyabhāvanāsuttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.453) desesi. So taṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Taṃ suttaṃ uggahetvā tadatthamanucintesi. Yathā pana anucintesi, svāyamattho gāthāsu eva āvi bhavissati. So tathā anuvicintento āyatanamukhena vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ patto. Aparabhāge attanā cintitākāraṃ pakāsento –

726.

‘‘Samaṇassa ahu cintā, pārāpariyassa bhikkhuno;

Ekakassa nisinnassa, pavivittassa jhāyino.

727.

‘‘Kimānupubbaṃ puriso, kiṃ vataṃ kiṃ samācāraṃ;

Attano kiccakārīssa, na ca kañci viheṭhaye.

728.

‘‘Indriyāni manussānaṃ, hitāya ahitāya ca;

Arakkhitāni ahitāya, rakkhitāni hitāya ca.

729.

‘‘Indriyāneva sārakkhaṃ, indriyāni ca gopayaṃ;

Attano kiccakārīssa, na ca kañci viheṭhaye.

730.

‘‘Cakkhundriyaṃ ce rūpesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ;

Anādīnavadassāvī, so dukkhā na hi muccati.

731.

‘‘Sotindriyaṃ ce saddesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ;

Anādīnavadassāvī, so dukkhā na hi muccati.

732.

‘‘Anissaraṇadassāvī, gandhe ce paṭisevati;

Na so muccati dukkhamhā, gandhesu adhimucchito.

733.

‘‘Ambilaṃ madhuraggañca, tittakaggamanussaraṃ;

Rasataṇhāya gadhito, hadayaṃ nāvabujjhati.

734.

‘‘Subhānyappaṭikūlāni , phoṭṭhabbāni anussaraṃ;

Ratto rāgādhikaraṇaṃ, vividhaṃ vindate dukhaṃ.

735.

‘‘Manaṃ cetehi dhammehi, yo na sakkoti rakkhituṃ;

Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti, sabbehetehi pañcahi.

736.

‘‘Pubbalohitasampuṇṇaṃ, bahussa kuṇapassa ca;

Naravīrakataṃ vagguṃ, samuggamiva cittitaṃ.

737.

‘‘Kaṭukaṃ madhurassādaṃ, piyanibandhanaṃ dukhaṃ;

Khuraṃva madhunā littaṃ, ullihaṃ nāvabujjhati.

738.

‘‘Itthirūpe itthisare, phoṭṭhabbepi ca itthiyā;

Itthigandhesu sāratto, vividhaṃ vindate dukhaṃ.

739.

‘‘Itthisotāni sabbāni, sandanti pañca pañcasu;

Tesamāvaraṇaṃ kātuṃ, yo sakkoti vīriyavā.

740.

‘‘So atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, so dakkho so vicakkhaṇo;

Kareyya ramamānopi, kiccaṃ dhammatthasaṃhitaṃ.

741.

‘‘Atho sīdati saññuttaṃ, vajje kiccaṃ niratthakaṃ;

Na taṃ kiccanti maññitvā, appamatto vicakkhaṇo.

742.

‘‘Yañca atthena saññuttaṃ, yā ca dhammagatā rati;

Taṃ samādāya vattetha, sā hi ve uttamā rati.

743.

‘‘Uccāvacehupāyehi, paresamabhijigīsati;

Hantvā vadhitvā atha socayitvā, ālopati sāhasā yo paresaṃ.

744.

‘‘Tacchanto āṇiyā āṇiṃ, nihanti balavā yathā;

Indriyānindriyeheva, nihanti kusalo tathā.

745.

‘‘Saddhaṃ vīriyaṃ samādhiñca, satipaññañca bhāvayaṃ;

Pañca pañcahi hantvāna, anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo.

746.

‘‘So atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, katvā vākyānusāsaniṃ;

Sabbena sabbaṃ buddhassa, so naro sukhamedhatī’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha samaṇassāti pabbajitassa. Ahūti ahosi. Cintāti dhammacintā dhammavicāraṇā. Pārāpariyassāti pārāparagottassa. ‘‘Pārācariyassā’’tipi paṭhanti. Bhikkhunoti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhanasīlassa. Ekakassāti asahāyassa, etena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Pavivittassāti pavivekahetunā kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanena vivekaṃ āraddhassa, etena cittavivekaṃ dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘jhāyino’’ti. Jhāyinoti jhāyanasīlassa, yonisomanasikāresu yuttassāti attho. Sabbametaṃ thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā vadati.

‘‘Kimānupubba’’ntiādinā taṃ cintanaṃ dasseti. Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ tāva kimānupubbanti anupubbaṃ anukkamo, anupubbameva vakkhamānesu vatasamācāresu ko anukkamo, kena anukkamena te paṭipajjitabbāti attho. Puriso kiṃ vataṃ kiṃ samācāranti atthakāmo puriso samādiyitabbaṭṭhena ‘‘vata’’nti laddhanāmaṃ, kīdisaṃ sīlaṃ samācāraṃ, samācaranto, attano kiccakārī kattabbakārī assa, kañci sattaṃ na ca viheṭhaye, na bādheyyāti attho. Attano kiccaṃ nāma samaṇadhammo, saṅkhepato sīlasamādhipaññā, taṃ sampādentassa paraviheṭhanāya lesopi natthi tāya sati samaṇabhāvasseva abhāvato.

Yathāha bhagavā – ‘‘na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī, na samaṇo hoti paraṃ viheṭhayanto’’ti (dha. pa. 184). Ettha ca vataggahaṇena vārittasīlaṃ gahitaṃ, samācāraggahaṇena samācaritabbato cārittasīlena saddhiṃ jhānavipassanādi, tasmā vārittasīlaṃ padhānaṃ. Tatthāpi ca yasmā indriyasaṃvare siddhe sabbaṃ sīlaṃ surakkhitaṃ, sugopitameva hoti, tasmā indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ tāva dassetukāmo indriyānaṃ arakkhaṇe rakkhaṇe ca ādīnavānisaṃse vibhāvento ‘‘indriyāni manussāna’’ntiādimāha. Tattha indriyānīti rakkhitabbadhammanidassanaṃ, tasmā cakkhādīni cha indriyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Manussānanti rakkhaṇayogyapuggalanidassanaṃ. Hitāyāti atthāya. Ahitāyāti anatthāya. Hontīti vacanaseso. Kathaṃ pana tāniyeva hitāya ca ahitāya hontīti āha ‘‘rakkhitānī’’tiādi. Tassattho – yassa cakkhādīni indriyāni satikavāṭena apihitāni, tassa rūpādīsu abhijjhādipāpadhammapavattiyā dvārabhāvato anatthāya pihitāni, tadabhāvato atthāya saṃvattantīti.

Indriyānevasārakkhanti yasmā indriyasaṃvaro paripuṇṇo sīlasampadaṃ paripūreti, sīlasampadā paripuṇṇā samādhisampadaṃ paripūreti, samādhisampadā paripuṇṇā paññāsampadaṃ paripūreti, tasmā indriyārakkhā attahitapaṭipattiyāva mūlanti dassento āha ‘‘indriyāneva sārakkha’’nti. Satipubbaṅgamena ārakkhena saṃrakkhanto yonisomanasikārena indriyāni eva tāva sammadeva rakkhanto, yathā akusalacorā tehi tehi dvārehi pavisitvā cittasantāne kusalaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ na vilumpanti, tathā tāni pidahantoti attho. Sārakkhanti ca saṃ-saddassa sābhāvaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, ‘‘sārāgo’’tiādīsu viya. ‘‘Saṃrakkha’’nti ca pāṭho. Indriyāni ca gopayanti tasseva pariyāyavacanaṃ, pariyāyavacane payojanaṃ nettiaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Attano kiccakārīssā’’ti iminā attahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti, ‘‘na ca kañci viheṭhaye’’ti iminā parahitapaṭipattiṃ, ubhayenāpi vā attahitapaṭipattimeva dasseti parāviheṭhanassāpi attahitapaṭipattibhāvato. Atha vā padadvayenapi attahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti puthujjanassa sekkhassa ca parahitapaṭipattiyāpi attahitapaṭipattibhāvato.

Evaṃ rakkhitāni indriyāni hitāya hontīti vodānapakkhaṃ saṅkhepeneva dassetvā, arakkhitāni ahitāya hontīti saṃkilesapakkhaṃ pana vibhajitvā dassento ‘‘cakkhundriyaṃ ce’’tiādimāha. Tattha cakkhundriyaṃ ce rūpesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ. Anādīnavadassāvīti yo nīlapītādibhedesu iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu rūpāyatanesu gacchantaṃ yathāruci pavattantaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ anivārayaṃ, anivārayanto appaṭibāhanto tathāpavattiyaṃ ādīnavadassāvī na hoti ce, diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ na passati ce . ‘‘Gacchantaṃ nivāraye anissaraṇadassāvī’’ti ca pāṭho. Tattha yo ‘‘diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.95) vuttavidhinā diṭṭhamatteyeva ṭhatvā satisampajaññavasena rūpāyatane pavattamāno tattha nissaraṇadassāvī nāma. Vuttavipariyāyena anissaraṇadassāvī daṭṭhabbo. So dukkhā na hi muccatīti so evarūpo puggalo vaṭṭadukkhato na muccateva. Ettha ca cakkhundriyassa anivāraṇaṃ nāma yathā tena dvārena abhijjhādayo pāpadhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tathā pavattanaṃ, taṃ pana atthato satisampajaññassa anuṭṭhāpanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sesindriyesupi eseva nayo. Adhimucchitoti adhimuttataṇhāya mucchaṃ āpanno. Ambilanti ambilarasaṃ. Madhuragganti madhurarasakoṭṭhāsaṃ. Tathā tittakaggaṃ. Anussaranti assādavasena taṃ taṃ rasaṃ anuvicintento. Ganthitoti rasataṇhāya tasmiṃ tasmiṃ rase ganthito bandho. ‘‘Gadhito’’ti ca paṭhanti, gedhaṃ āpannoti attho. Hadayaṃ nāvabujjhatīti ‘‘dukkhassantaṃ karissāmī’’ti pabbajjādikkhaṇe uppannaṃ cittaṃ na jānāti na sallakkheti , sāsanassa hadayaṃ abbhantaraṃ anavajjadhammānaṃ sammaddanarasataṇhāya gadhito nāvabujjhati na jānāti, na paṭipajjatīti attho.

Subhānīti sundarāni. Appaṭikūlānīti manoramāni, iṭṭhāni. Phoṭṭhabbānīti upādiṇṇānupādiṇṇappabhede phasse. Rattoti rajjanasabhāvena rāgena ratto. Rāgādhikaraṇanti rāgahetu. Vividhaṃ vindate dukhanti rāgapariḷāhādivasena diṭṭhadhammikañca nirayasantāpādivasena abhisamparāyañca nānappakāraṃ dukkhaṃ paṭilabhati.

Manaṃ cetehīti manañca etehi rūpārammaṇādīhi dhammārammaṇappabhedehi ca. Nanti puggalaṃ. Sabbehīti sabbehi pañcahipi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo puggalo manaṃ, manodvāraṃ, etehi yathāvuttehi rūpādīhi pañcahi dhammehi dhammārammaṇappabhedato ca. Tattha pavattanakapāpakammanivāraṇena rakkhituṃ, gopituṃ na sakkoti, tato tassa arakkhaṇato naṃ puggalaṃ taṃnimittaṃ dukkhaṃ anveti, anugacchati, anugacchantañca etehi pañcahipi rūpārammaṇādīhi chaṭṭhārammaṇena saddhiṃ sabbehipi ārammaṇappaccayabhūtehi anugacchatīti. Ettha cakkhundriyaṃ, sotindriyañca asampattaggāhibhāvato ‘‘gacchantaṃ anivāraya’’nti vuttaṃ itaraṃ sampattaggāhīti ‘‘gandhe ce paṭisevatī’’tiādinā vuttaṃ. Tatthāpi ca rasataṇhā ca phoṭṭhabbataṇhā ca sattānaṃ visesato balavatīti ‘‘rasataṇhāya gadhito, phoṭṭhabbāni anussarantoti’’ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Evaṃ aguttadvārassa puggalassa chahi dvārehi chasupi ārammaṇesu asaṃvaranimittaṃ uppajjanakadukkhaṃ dassetvā svāyamasaṃvaro yasmā sarīrasabhāvānavabodhena hoti, tasmā sarīrasabhāvaṃ vicinanto ‘‘pubbalohitasampuṇṇa’’ntiādinā gāthādvayamāha. Tassattho – sarīraṃ nāmetaṃ pubbena lohitena ca sampuṇṇaṃ bharitaṃ aññena ca pittasemhādinā bahunā kuṇapena, tayidaṃ naravīrena naresu chekena sippācariyena kataṃ vaggu maṭṭhaṃ lākhāparikammādinā cittitaṃ, anto pana gūthādiasucibharitaṃ samuggaṃ viya chavimattamanoharaṃ bālajanasammohaṃ dukkhasabhāvatāya nirayādidukkhatāpanato ca kaṭukaṃ, parikappasambhavena amūlakena assādamattena madhuratāya madhurassādaṃ, tato eva piyabhāvanibandhanena piyanibandhanaṃ, dussahatāya appatītatāya ca dukhaṃ, īdise sarīre assādalobhena mahādukkhaṃ paccanubhuyyamānaṃ anavabujjhanto loko madhuragiddho khuradhārālehakapuriso viya daṭṭhabboti.

Idāni ete cakkhādīnaṃ gocarabhūtā rūpādayo vuttā, te visesato purisassa itthipaṭibaddhā kamanīyāti tattha saṃvaro kātabboti dassento ‘‘itthirūpe’’tiādimāha. Tattha itthirūpeti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikarūpāyatanasaṅkhāte vaṇṇe. Api ca yo koci itthiyā nivatthassa alaṅkārassa vā gandhavaṇṇakādīnaṃ vā piḷandhanamālānaṃ vā kāyapaṭibaddho vaṇṇo purisassa cakkhuviññāṇassa ārammaṇabhāvāya upakappati, sabbametaṃ ‘‘itthirūpa’’ntveva veditabbaṃ. Itthisareti itthiyā gītalapitahasitaruditasadde. Api ca itthiyā nivatthavatthassapi alaṅkataalaṅkārassapi itthipayoganipphāditā veṇuvīṇāsaṅkhapaṇavādīnampi saddā idha itthisaraggahaṇena gahitāti veditabbā. Sabbopeso purisassa cittaṃ ākaḍḍhatīti. ‘‘Itthirase’’ti pana pāḷiyā catusamuṭṭhānikarasāyatanavasena vuttaṃ. Itthiyā kiṃkārapaṭissāvitādivasena assavaraso ceva paribhogaraso ca itthirasoti eke. Yo pana itthiyā oṭṭhamaṃsasammakkhitakheḷādiraso, yo ca tāya purisassa dinnayāgubhattādīnaṃ raso, sabbopeso ‘‘itthiraso’’tveva veditabbo. Phoṭṭhabbepi ca itthiyā kāyasamphasso, itthisarīrārūḷhānaṃ vatthālaṅkāramālādīnaṃ phasso ‘‘itthiphoṭṭhabbo’’tveva veditabbo. Ettha ca yesaṃ itthirūpe itthisareti pāḷi, tesaṃ api-saddena itthirasasaṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Itthigandhesūti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikagandhāyatanesu. Itthiyā sarīragandho nāma duggandho. Ekaccā hi itthī assagandhinī hoti, ekaccā meṇḍagandhinī, ekaccā sedagandhinī, ekaccā soṇitagandhinī, tathāpi tāsu andhabālo rajjateva. Cakkavattino pana itthiratanassa kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato uppalagandho, ayaṃ na sabbāsaṃ hotīti, itthiyā sarīre ārūḷho āgantuko anulimpanādigandho ‘‘itthigandho’’ti veditabbo. Sārattoti suṭṭhu ratto gadhito mucchito, idaṃ pana padaṃ ‘‘itthirūpe’’tiādīsupi yojetabbaṃ. Vividhaṃ vindate dukhanti itthirūpādīsu sarāganimittaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ vadhabandhanādivasena samparāyikaṃ pañcavidhabandhanādivasena nānappakāraṃ dukkhaṃ paṭilabhati.

Itthisotāni sabbānīti itthiyā rūpādiārammaṇāni sabbāni anavasesāni pañca taṇhāsotāni sandanti. Pañcasūti purisassa pañcasu dvāresu. Tesanti tesaṃ pañcannaṃ sotānaṃ. Āvaraṇanti saṃvaraṇaṃ, yathā asaṃvaro na uppajjati, evaṃ satisampajaññaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā saṃvaraṃ pavattetuṃ yo sakkoti, so vīriyavā āraddhavīriyo akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāyāti attho.

Evaṃ rūpādigocare pabbajitassa paṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni gahaṭṭhassa dassetuṃ ‘‘so atthavā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha so atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, so dakkho so vicakkhaṇoti so puggalo imasmiṃ loke atthavā, buddhimā, dhamme ṭhito, dhamme dakkho, dhamme cheko, analaso vā vicakkhaṇo iti kattabbatāsu kusalo nāma. Kareyya ramamānopi, kiccaṃ dhammatthasaṃhitanti geharatiyā ramamānopi dhammatthasaṃhitaṃ dhammato atthato ca anapetameva taṃ taṃ kattabbaṃ. Anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādanaṃ, uppannānaṃ paripālanaṃ, paribhogañca kareyya, aññamaññaṃ, avirodhena, aññamaññaṃ, abādhanena, tivaggatthaṃ anuyuñjeyyāti adhippāyo . Ayañca nayo yesaṃ sammāpaṭipattiavirodhena tivaggatthassa vasena vattati bimbisāramahārājādīnaṃ viya, tesaṃ vasena vutto. Na yesaṃ kesañci vasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Atho sīdati saññuttanti yadi idhaloke supasaṃhitaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ atthaṃ pariggahetvā ṭhitaṃ. Vajje kiccaṃ niratthakanti samparāyikattharahitaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ kiccaṃ sacepi vissajjeyya pariccajeyya. Na taṃ kiccanti maññitvā, appamatto vicakkhaṇoti satiavippavāsena appamatto vicāraṇapaññāsambhavena vicakkhaṇo anatthupasaṃhitaṃ, taṃ kiccaṃ mayā na kātabbanti maññitvā vivajjeyya.

Vivajjetvā pana yañca atthena saññuttaṃ, yā ca dhammagatā rati. Taṃ samādāya vattethāti yaṃkiñci diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikappabhedena atthena hitena saṃyuttaṃ tadubhayahitāvahaṃ, yā ca adhikusaladhammagatā samathavipassanāsahitā rati, tadubhayaṃ sammā ādiyitvā pariggahaṃ katvā vatteyya. ‘‘Sabbaṃ ratiṃ dhammarati jinātī’’ti (dha. pa. 354) vacanato sā hi ekaṃsena uttamatthassa pāpanato uttamā rati nāma.

Yaṃ pana kāmaratisaṃyuttaṃ kiccaṃ niratthakanti vuttaṃ, tassā anatthupasaṃhitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘uccāvacehī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha uccāvacehīti mahantehi ceva khuddakehi ca. Upāyehīti nayehi. Paresamabhijigīsatīti paresaṃ santakaṃ āharituṃ icchati, pare vā sabbathā hāpeti, jināpeti paraṃ hantvā, vadhitvā atha socayitvā, ālopati sāhasā yo paresaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo puggalo kāmahetu pare hananto, ghātento, socento sandhicchedasandhiruhanapasayhāvahārādīhi nānupāyehi paresaṃ santakaṃ harituṃ vāyamanto sāhasākāraṃ karoti, ālopati, jigīsati sāpateyyavasena pare hāpeti, tassa taṃ kiccaṃ kāmaratisannissitaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ ekantanihīnanti. Etena tappaṭipakkhato dhammagatāya ratiyā ekaṃsato uttamabhāvaṃyeva vibhāveti.

Idāni yaṃ ‘‘tesamāvaraṇaṃ kātuṃ yo sakkotī’’ti indriyānaṃ āvaraṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ upāyena saha vibhāvento ‘‘tacchanto āṇiyā āṇiṃ, nihanti balavā yathā’’ti āha. Yathā balavā kāyabalena, ñāṇabalena ca samannāgato tacchako rukkhadaṇḍagataṃ āṇiṃ nīharitukāmo tato balavatiṃ āṇiṃ koṭento tato nīharati, tathā kusalo bhikkhu cakkhādīni indriyāni vipassanābalena nihantukāmo indriyehi eva nihanti.

Katamehi panāti āha ‘‘saddha’’ntiādi. Tassattho – adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ saddhaṃ, paggahalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ samādhiṃ, upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ satiṃ, dassanalakkhaṇaṃ paññanti imānipi vimuttiparipācakāni pañcindriyāni bhāvento vaḍḍhento etehi pañcahi indriyehi cakkhādīni pañcindriyāni anunayapaṭighādikilesuppattiyā dvārabhāvavihanena hantvā, ariyamaggena tadupanissaye kilese samucchinditvā, tato eva anīgho niddukkho brāhmaṇo anupādisesaparinibbānameva yāti upagacchatīti.

So atthavāti so yathāvutto brāhmaṇo uttamatthena samannāgatattā atthavā, taṃ sampāpake dhamme ṭhitattā dhammaṭṭho. Sabbena sabbaṃ anavasesena vidhinā anavasesaṃ buddhassa bhagavato vākyabhūtaṃ anusāsaniṃ katvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjitvā ṭhito. Tato eva so naro uttamapuriso nibbānasukhañca edhati, brūheti, vaḍḍhetīti.

Evaṃ therena attano cintitākāravibhāvanāvasena paṭipattiyā pakāsitattā idameva cassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Telakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cirarattaṃ vatātāpītiādikā āyasmato telakānittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde satthu abhijātito puretaraṃyeva sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā telakānīti laddhanāmo vayappatto hetusampannatāya kāme jigucchanto gharāvāsaṃ pahāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vivaṭṭajjhāsayo ‘‘ko so pāraṅgato loke’’tiādinā vimokkhapariyesanaṃ caramāno te te samaṇabrāhmaṇe upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchati, te na sampāyanti. So tena anārādhitacitto vicarati. Atha amhākaṃ bhagavati loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakke lokahitaṃ karonte ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāti. So ekadivasaṃ bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nisinno attanā adhigatavisesaṃ paccavekkhitvā tadanusārena attano paṭipattiṃ anussaritvā taṃ sabbaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ācikkhanto –

747.

‘‘Cirarattaṃ vatātāpī, dhammaṃ anuvicintayaṃ;

Samaṃ cittassa nālatthaṃ, pucchaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇe.

748.

‘‘Ko so pāraṅgato loke, ko patto amatogadhaṃ;

Kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmi, paramatthavijānanaṃ.

749.

‘‘Antovaṅkagato āsi, macchova ghasamāmisaṃ;

Baddho mahindapāsena, vepacityasuro yathā.

750.

‘‘Añchāmi naṃ na muñcāmi, asmā sokapariddavā;

Ko me bandhaṃ muñcaṃ loke, sambodhiṃ vedayissati.

751.

‘‘Samaṇaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vā kaṃ, ādisantaṃ pabhaṅgunaṃ;

Kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmi, jarāmaccupavāhanaṃ.

752.

‘‘Vicikicchākaṅkhāganthitaṃ, sārambhabalasaññutaṃ;

Kodhappattamanatthaddhaṃ, abhijappappadāraṇaṃ.

753.

‘‘Taṇhādhanusamuṭṭhānaṃ, dve ca pannarasāyutaṃ;

Passa orasikaṃ bāḷhaṃ, bhetvāna yadi tiṭṭhati.

754.

‘‘Anudiṭṭhīnaṃ appahānaṃ, saṅkappaparatejitaṃ;

Tena viddho pavedhāmi, pattaṃva māluteritaṃ.

755.

‘‘Ajjhattaṃ me samuṭṭhāya, khippaṃ paccati māmakaṃ;

Chaphassāyatanī kāyo, yattha sarati sabbadā.

756.

‘‘Taṃ na passāmi tekicchaṃ, yo metaṃ sallamuddhare;

Nānārajjena satthena, nāññena vicikicchitaṃ.

757.

‘‘Ko me asattho avaṇo, sallamabbhantarapassayaṃ;

Ahiṃsaṃ sabbagattāni, sallaṃ me uddharissati.

758.

‘‘Dhammappati hi so seṭṭho, visadosappavāhako;

Gambhīre patitassa me, thalaṃ pāṇiñca dassaye.

759.

‘‘Rahadehamasmi ogāḷho, ahāriyarajamattike;

Māyāusūyasārambha, thinamiddhamapatthaṭe.

760.

‘‘Uddhaccameghathanitaṃ, saṃyojanavalāhakaṃ;

Vāhā vahanti kuddiṭṭhiṃ, saṅkappā rāganissitā.

761.

‘‘Savanti sabbadhi sotā, latā ubbhijja tiṭṭhati;

Te sote ko nivāreyya, taṃ lataṃ ko hi checchati.

762.

‘‘Velaṃ karotha bhaddante, sotānaṃ sannivāraṇaṃ;

Mā te manomayo sotā, rukkhaṃva sahasā luve.

763.

‘‘Evaṃ me bhayajātassa, apārā pāramesato;

Tāṇo paññāvudho satthā, isisaṅghanisevito.

764.

‘‘Sopānaṃ sugataṃ suddhaṃ, dhammasāramayaṃ daḷhaṃ;

Pādāsi vuyhamānassa, mā bhāyīti ca mabravi.

765.

‘‘Satipaṭṭhānapāsādaṃ, āruyha paccavekkhisaṃ;

Yaṃ taṃ pubbe amaññissaṃ, sakkāyābhirataṃ pajaṃ.

766.

‘‘Yadā ca maggamaddakkhiṃ, nāvāya abhirūhanaṃ;

Anadhiṭṭhāya attānaṃ, titthamaddakkhimuttamaṃ.

767.

‘‘Sallaṃ attasamuṭṭhānaṃ, bhavanettippabhāvitaṃ;

Etesaṃ appavattāya, desesi maggamuttamaṃ.

768.

‘‘Dīgharattānusayitaṃ , cirarattamadhiṭṭhitaṃ;

Buddho mepānudī ganthaṃ, visadosappavāhano’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha cirarattaṃ vatāti cirakālaṃ vata. Ātāpīti vīriyavā vimokkhadhammapariyesane āraddhavīriyo. Dhammaṃ anuvicintayanti ‘‘kīdiso nu kho vimokkhadhammo, kathaṃ vā adhigantabbo’’ti vimuttidhammaṃ anuvicinanto gavesanto. Samaṃ cittassa nālatthaṃ, pucchaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇeti te te nānātitthiye samaṇabrāhmaṇe vimuttidhammaṃ pucchanto pakatiyā anupasantasabhāvassa cittassa samaṃ vūpasamabhūtaṃ vaṭṭadukkhavissaraṇaṃ ariyadhammaṃ nālatthaṃ nādhigacchanti attho.

Koso pāraṅgatotiādi pucchitākāradassanaṃ. Tattha ko so pāraṅgato loketi imasmiṃ loke titthakārapaṭiññesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu ko nu kho so saṃsārassa pāraṃ nibbānaṃ upagato. Ko patto amatogadhanti nibbānapatiṭṭhaṃ vimokkhamaggaṃ ko patto adhigatoti attho. Kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmīti kassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā ovādadhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāmi paṭipajjāmi. Paramatthavijānananti paramatthassa vijānanaṃ, aviparītappavattinivattiyo pavedentanti attho.

Antovaṅkagato āsīti vaṅkaṃ vuccati diṭṭhigataṃ manovaṅkabhāvato, sabbepi vā kilesā, antoti pana hadayavaṅkassa anto, hadayabbhantaragatakilesavaṅko vā ahosīti attho. Macchova ghasamāmisanti āmisaṃ ghasanto khādanto maccho viya, gilabaḷiso maccho viyāti adhippāyo. Baddho mahindapāsena, vepacityasuro yathāti mahindassa sakkassa pāsena baddho yathā vepacitti asurindo aserivihārī mahādukkhappatto, evamahaṃ pubbe kilesapāsena baddho āsiṃ, aserivihārī mahādukkhappattoti adhippāyo.

Añchāmīti ākaḍḍhāmi. Nanti kilesapāsaṃ. Na muñcāmīti na mocemi. Asmā sokapariddavāti imasmā sokaparidevavaṭṭato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathāpāsena baddho migo sūkaro vā mocanupāyaṃ ajānanto paripphandamāno taṃ āviñchanto bandhanaṃ daḷhaṃ karoti, evaṃ ahaṃ pubbe kilesapāsena paṭimukko mocanupāyaṃ ajānanto kāyasañcetanādivasena paripphandamāno taṃ na mocesiṃ, aññadatthu taṃ daḷhaṃ karonto sokādinā paraṃ kilesaṃ eva pāpuṇinti. Ko me bandhaṃ muñcaṃ loke, sambodhiṃ vedayissatīti imasmiṃ loke etaṃ kilesabandhanena bandhaṃ muñcanto sambujjhati etenāti ‘‘sambodhī’’ti laddhanāmaṃ vimokkhamaggaṃ ko me vedayissati ācikkhissatīti attho. ‘‘Bandhamuñca’’ntipi paṭhanti, bandhā, bandhassa vā mocakaṃ sambodhinti yojanā.

Ādisantanti desentaṃ. Pabhaṅgunanti pabhañjanaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsanaṃ , pabhaṅgunaṃ vā dhammappavattiṃ ādisantaṃ kathentaṃ jarāya maccuno ca pavāhanaṃ kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmi. ‘‘Paṭipajjāmī’’ti vā pāṭho, so evattho. Vicikicchākaṅkhāganthitanti ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhāna’’ntiādinayappavattāya (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20) vicikicchāya āsappanaparisappanākāravuttiyā kaṅkhāya ca ganthitaṃ. Sārambhabalasaññutanti karaṇuttariyakaraṇalakkhaṇena balappattena sārambhena yuttaṃ. Kodhappattamanatthaddhanti sabbattha kodhena yuttamanasā thaddhabhāvaṃ gataṃ abhijappappadāraṇaṃ. Icchitālābhādivasena hi taṇhā sattānaṃ cittaṃ padālentī viya pavattati. Dūre ṭhitassāpi vijjhanupāyatāya taṇhāva dhanu samupatiṭṭhati uppajjati etasmāti taṇhādhanusamuṭṭhānaṃ, diṭṭhisallaṃ. Taṃ pana yasmā vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi, dasavatthukā micchādiṭṭhīti tiṃsappabhedaṃ, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘dve ca pannarasāyuta’’nti, dvikkhattuṃ pannarasabhedavantanti attho. Passa orasikaṃ bāḷhaṃ, bhetvāna yadi tiṭṭhatīti yaṃ urasambandhanīyatāya orasikaṃ bāḷhaṃ balavataraṃ bhetvāna hadayaṃ vinivijjhitvā tasmiṃyeva hadaye tiṭṭhati, taṃ passāti attānameva ālapati.

Anudiṭṭhīnaṃ appahānanti anudiṭṭhibhūtānaṃ sesadiṭṭhīnaṃ appahānakāraṇaṃ. Yāva hi sakkāyadiṭṭhi santānato na vigacchati, tāva sassatadiṭṭhiādīnaṃ appahānamevāti. Saṅkappaparatejitanti saṅkappena micchāvitakkena pare parajane nissayalakkhaṇaṃ patipatite tejitaṃ ussāhitaṃ. Tena viddho pavedhāmīti tena diṭṭhisallena yathā hadayaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati, evaṃ viddho pavedhāmi saṅkappāmi sassatucchedādivasena ito cito ca parivaṭṭāmi. Pattaṃvamāluteritanti mālutena vāyunā eritaṃ vaṇṭato muttaṃ dumapattaṃ viya.

Ajjhattaṃ me samuṭṭhāyāti yathā loke sallaṃ nāma bāhirato uṭṭhāya ajjhattaṃ nimmathetvā bādhati, na evamidaṃ. Idaṃ pana ajjhattaṃ me mama attabhāve samuṭṭhāya so attabhāvasaññito chaphassāyatanakāyo yathā khippaṃ sīghaṃ paccati, ḍayhati. Yathā kiṃ? Aggi viya sanissayaḍāhako taṃyeva māmakaṃ mama santakaṃ attabhāvaṃ ḍahanto yattha uppanno, tattheva sarati pavattati.

Taṃ na passāmi tekicchanti tādisāya tikicchāya niyuttatāya tekicchaṃ sallakattaṃ bhisakkaṃ taṃ na passāmi. Yo metaṃ sallamuddhareti yo bhisakko etaṃ diṭṭhisallaṃ kilesasallañca uddhareyya, uddharanto ca nānārajjena rajjusadisasaṅkhātāya esanisalākāya pavesetvāna satthena kantitvā nāññena mantāgadappayogena vicikicchitaṃ sallaṃ tikicchituṃ sakkāti āharitvā yojetabbaṃ. Vicikicchitanti, ca nidassanamattametaṃ. Sabbassapi kilesasallassa vasena attho veditabbo.

Asatthoti sattharahito. Avaṇoti vaṇena vinā. Abbhantarapassayanti abbhantarasaṅkhātaṃ hadayaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ. Ahiṃsanti apīḷento. ‘‘Ahiṃsā’’ti ca pāṭho, ahiṃsāya apīḷanenāti attho. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – ko nu kho kiñci satthaṃ aggahetvā vaṇañca akaronto tato eva sabbagattāni abādhento mama hadayabbhantaragataṃ pīḷājananato anto tudanato anto ruddhanato ca paramattheneva sallabhūtaṃ kilesasallaṃ uddharissatīti.

Evaṃ dasahi gāthāhi pubbe attanā cintitākāraṃ dassetvā punapi taṃ pakārantarena dassetuṃ ‘‘dhammappati hi so seṭṭho’’tiādimāha. Tattha dhammappatīti dhammanimittaṃ dhammahetu. Hīti nipātamattaṃ. So seṭṭhoti so puggalo uttamo. Visadosappavāhakoti yo mayhaṃ rāgādikilesassa pavāhako ucchinnako. Gambhīre patitassa me, thalaṃ pāṇiñca dassayeti ko nu kho atigambhīre saṃsāramahoghe patitassa mayhaṃ ‘‘mā bhāyī’’ti assāsento nibbānathalaṃ taṃsampāpakaṃ ariyamaggahatthañca dasseyya.

Rahadehamasmiogāḷhoti mahati saṃsārarahade ahamasmi sasīsaṃ nimujjanavasena otiṇṇo anupaviṭṭho. Ahāriyarajamattiketi apanetuṃ asakkuṇeyyo rāgādirajo mattikā kaddamo etassāti ahāriyarajamattiko, rahado. Tasmiṃ rahadasmiṃ. ‘‘Ahāriyarajamantike’’ti vā pāṭho, antike ṭhitarāgādīsu dunnīharaṇīyarāgādirajeti attho. Santadosapaṭicchādanalakkhaṇā māyā, parasampattiasahanalakkhaṇā usūyā, karaṇuttariyakaraṇalakkhaṇo sārambho, cittālasiyalakkhaṇaṃ thinaṃ, kāyālasiyalakkhaṇaṃ middhanti ime pāpadhammā patthaṭā yaṃ rahadaṃ, tasmiṃ māyāusūyasārambhathinamiddhamapatthaṭe, makāro cettha padasandhikaro vutto. Yathāvuttehi imehi pāpadhammehi patthaṭeti attho.

Uddhaccameghathanitaṃ, saṃyojanavalāhakanti vacanavipallāsena vuttaṃ, bhantasabhāvaṃ uddhaccaṃ meghathanitaṃ meghagajjitaṃ etesanti uddhaccameghathanitā. Dasavidhā saṃyojanā eva valāhakā etesanti saṃyojanavalāhakā. Vāhā mahāudakavāhasadisā rāganissitā micchāsaṅkappā asubhādīsu ṭhitā kuddiṭṭhiṃ maṃ vahanti apāyasamuddameva uddissa kaḍḍhantīti attho.

Savanti sabbadhi sotāti taṇhāsoto, diṭṭhisoto, mānasoto, avijjāsoto, kilesasototi ime pañcapisotā cakkhudvārādīnaṃ vasena sabbesu rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu savanato ‘‘rūpataṇhā…pe… dhammataṇhā’’tiādinā (vibha. 204, 232) sabbabhāgehi vā savanato sabbadhi savanti. Latāti paliveṭhanaṭṭhena saṃsibbanaṭṭhena latā viyāti latā, taṇhā. Ubbhijja tiṭṭhatīti chahi dvārehi ubbhijjitvā rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu tiṭṭhati. Te soteti taṇhādike sote mama santāne sandante maggasetubandhanena ko purisaviseso nivāreyya, taṃ latanti taṇhālataṃ, maggasatthena ko checchati chindissati.

Velaṃ karothāti tesaṃ sotānaṃ velaṃ setuṃ karotha sannivāraṇaṃ. Bhaddanteti ālapanākāradassanaṃ. Mā te manomayo sototi udakasoto oḷāriko, tassa bālamahājanenapi setuṃ katvā nivāraṇaṃ sakkā. Ayaṃ pana manomayo soto sukhumo dunnivāraṇo. So yathā udakasoto vaḍḍhanto kūle ṭhitaṃ rukkhaṃ pātetvāva nāseti, evaṃ tumhe apāyatīre ṭhite tattha sahasā pātetvā apāyasamuddaṃ pāpento mā luve mā vināseyya mā anayabyasanaṃ pāpeyyāti attho.

Evaṃ ayaṃ thero purimattabhāve parimadditasaṅkhārattā ñāṇaparipākaṃ gatattā pavattidukkhaṃ upadhārento yathā vicikicchādike saṃkilesadhamme pariggaṇhi, tamākāraṃ dassetvā idāni jātasaṃvego kiṃkusalagavesī satthu santikaṃ gato yaṃ visesaṃ adhimucci, taṃ dassento ‘‘evaṃ me bhayajātassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha evaṃ me bhayajātassāti evaṃ vuttappakārena saṃsāre jātabhayassa apārā orimatīrato sappaṭibhayato saṃsāravaṭṭato ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho muñceyya’’nti pāraṃ nibbānaṃ, esato gavesato, tāṇo sadevakassa lokassa tāṇabhūto kilesasamucchedanī paññā āvudho etassāti paññāvudho. Diṭṭhadhammikādiatthena sattānaṃ yathārahaṃ anusāsanato satthā, isisaṅghena aggasāvakādiariyapuggalasamūhena nisevito payirupāsito isisaṅghanisevito, sopānanti desanāñāṇena suṭṭhu katattā abhisaṅkhatattā sukataṃ, upakkilesavirahitato suddhaṃ, saddhāpaññādisārabhūtaṃ dhammasāramayaṃ paṭipakkhehi acalanīyato daḷhaṃ, vipassanāsaṅkhātaṃ sopānaṃ mahoghena vuyhamānassa mayhaṃ satthā pādāsi, dadanto ca ‘‘iminā te sotthi bhavissatī’’ti samassāsento mā bhāyīti ca abravi, kathesi.

Satipaṭṭhānapāsādanti tena vipassanāsopānena kāyānupassanādinā laddhabbacatubbidhasāmaññaphalavisesena catubhūmisampannaṃ satipaṭṭhānapāsādaṃ āruhitvā paccavekkhisaṃ catusaccadhammaṃ maggañāṇena patiavekkhiṃ paṭivijjhiṃ. Yaṃ taṃ pubbe amaññissaṃ, sakkāyābhirataṃ pajanti evaṃ paṭividdhasacco yaṃ sakkāye ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti abhirataṃ pajaṃ titthiyajanaṃ tena parikappitaattānañca pubbe sārato amaññissaṃ. Yadā ca maggamaddakkhiṃ, nāvāya abhirūhananti ariyamagganāvāya abhiruhanūpāyabhūtaṃ yadā vipassanāmaggaṃ yāthāvato addakkhiṃ. Tato paṭṭhāya taṃ titthiyajanaṃ attānañca anadhiṭṭhāya citte aṭṭhapetvā aggahetvā titthaṃ nibbānasaṅkhātassa amatamahāpārassa titthabhūtaṃ ariyamaggadassanaṃ sabbehi maggehi sabbehi kusaladhammehi ukkaṭṭhaṃ addakkhiṃ, yāthāvato apassinti attho.

Evaṃ attano anuttaraṃ maggādhigamaṃ pakāsetvā idāni tassa desakaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ thomento ‘‘sallaṃ attasamuṭṭhāna’’ntiādimāha. Tattha sallanti diṭṭhimānādikilesasallaṃ. Attasamuṭṭhānanti ‘‘aha’’nti mānaṭṭhānatāya ‘‘attā’’ti ca laddhanāme attabhāve sambhūtaṃ. Bhavanettippabhāvitanti bhavataṇhāsamuṭṭhitaṃ bhavataṇhāsannissayaṃ. Sā hi diṭṭhimānādīnaṃ sambhavo. Etesaṃ appavattāyāti yathāvuttānaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ appavattiyā anuppādāya. Desesi maggamuttamanti uttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, tadupāyañca vipassanāmaggaṃ kathesi.

Dīgharattānusayitanti anamatagge saṃsāre cirakālaṃ santāne anu anu sayitaṃ kāraṇalābhena uppajjanārahabhāvena thāmagataṃ, tato ca cirarattaṃ adhiṭṭhitaṃ santānaṃ ajjhāruyha ṭhitaṃ. Ganthanti abhijjhākāyaganthādiṃ mama santāne ganthabhūtaṃ kilesavisadosaṃ pavāhano buddho bhagavā attano desanānubhāvena apānudī parijahāpesi, ganthesu hi anavasesato pahīnesu appahīno nāma kileso natthīti.

Telakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Raṭṭhapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Passacittakatantiādikā āyasmato raṭṭhapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto pitu accayena gharāvāse patiṭṭhito ratanakoṭṭhāgārakammikena dassitaṃ aparimāṇaṃ kulavaṃsānugataṃ dhanaṃ disvā ‘‘imaṃ ettakaṃ dhanarāsiṃ mayhaṃ pituayyakapayyakādayo attanā saddhiṃ gahetvā gantuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, mayā pana gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi. So abhiññālābhiṃ ekaṃ tāpasaṃ upaṭṭhahanto tena devalokādhipacce niyojito yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto manussaloke bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthassa kulassa ekaputtako hutvā nibbatti.

Tena ca samayena padumuttaro bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko veneyyasatte nibbānamahānagarasaṅkhātaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi. Atha so kulaputto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannacitto parisapariyante nisīdi. Tena kho pana samayena satthā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Taṃ disvā so pasannamānaso tadatthāya cittaṃ ṭhapetvā satasahassabhikkhuparivutassa bhagavato mahatā sakkārena sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa anantarāyena ijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvenavute kappe phussassa bhagavato kāle satthu vemātikabhātikesu tīsu rājaputtesu satthāraṃ upaṭṭhahantesu tesaṃ puññakiriyāya kiccaṃ akāsi.

Evaṃ tattha tattha bhave taṃ taṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe thullakoṭṭhikanigame raṭṭhapālaseṭṭhino gehe nibbatti, tassa bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthe kule nibbattattā raṭṭhapāloti vaṃsānugatameva nāmaṃ ahosi. So mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhanto anukkamena yobbanapatto mātāpitūhi patirūpena dārena saṃyojito mahante ca yase patiṭṭhāpito dibbasampattisadisaṃ sampattiṃ paccanubhoti. Atha bhagavā kururaṭṭhe janapadacārikaṃ caranto thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anupāpuṇi. Taṃ sutvā raṭṭhapālo kulaputto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitukāmo sattāhaṃ bhattacchedaṃ katvā kicchena kasirena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā satthu āṇattiyā aññatarassa therassa santike pabbajitvā yonisomanasikārena kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.97-111) –

‘‘Padumuttarassa bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;

Varanāgo mayā dinno, īsādanto urūḷhavā.

‘‘Setacchatto pasobhito, sakappano sahatthipo;

Agghāpetvāna taṃ sabbaṃ, saṅghārāmaṃ akārayiṃ.

‘‘Catupaññāsasahassāni, pāsāde kārayiṃ ahaṃ;

Mahoghadānaṃ karitvāna, niyyādesiṃ mahesino.

‘‘Anumodi mahāvīro, sayambhū aggapuggalo;

Sabbe jane hāsayanto, desesi amataṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Taṃ me buddho viyākāsi, jalajuttaranāmako;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Catupaññāsasahassāni, pāsāde kārayī ayaṃ;

Kathayissāmi vipākaṃ, suṇotha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Aṭṭhārasasahassāni, kūṭāgārā bhavissare;

Byamhuttamamhi nibbattā, sabbasoṇṇamayā ca te.

‘‘Paññāsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Aṭṭhapaññāsakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Aḍḍhe kule mahābhoge, nibbattissati tāvade.

‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Raṭṭhapāloti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Padhānapahitatto so, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Uṭṭhāya abhinikkhamma, jahitā bhogasampadā;

Kheḷapiṇḍeva bhogamhi, pemaṃ mayhaṃ na vijjati.

‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ anujānāpetvā mātāpitaro passituṃ thullakoṭṭhikaṃ gantvā, tattha sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caranto pitu nivesane ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ labhitvā taṃ amataṃ viya paribhuñjanto, pitarā nimantito svātanāya adhivāsetvā, dutiyadivase pitu nivesane piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatte itthāgārajane upagantvā ‘‘kīdisā nāma tā, ayyaputta, accharāyo, yāsaṃ tvaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carasī’’tiādīni (ma. ni. 2.301) vatvā, palobhanakammaṃ kātuṃ āraddhe tassa adhippāyaṃ parivattetvā aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammaṃ kathento –

769.

‘‘Passa cittakataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ;

Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti.

770.

‘‘Passa cittakataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca;

Aṭṭhiṃ tacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthehi sobhati.

771.

‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

772.

‘‘Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

773.

‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

774.

‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;

Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, kandante migabandhake.

775.

‘‘Chinno pāso migavassa, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;

Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, socante migaluddake’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha cittakatanti cittaṃ kataṃ cittakataṃ, vatthābharaṇamālādīhi vicittaṃ katanti attho. Bimbanti dīghādibhāvena yuttaṭṭhānesu dīghādīhi aṅgapaccaṅgehi maṇḍitaṃ attabhāvaṃ. Arukāyanti navannaṃ vaṇamukhānaṃ lomakūpānañca vasena vissandamānaasuciṃ, sabbaso ca arubhūtaṃ vaṇabhūtaṃ arūnaṃ vā kāyaṃ. Samussitanti tīhi aṭṭhisatehi samussitaṃ. Āturanti sabbakālaṃ iriyāpathantarādīhi pariharitabbatāya niccaṃ gilānaṃ. Bahusaṅkappanti bālajanena abhūtaṃ āropetvā bahudhā saṅkappitabbaṃ. Yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhitīti yassa kāyassa dhuvabhāvo ṭhitisabhāvo natthi, ekaṃsato bhedanavikiraṇaviddhaṃsanadhammoyeva. Taṃ passāti samīpe ṭhitaṃ janaṃ, attānameva vā sandhāya vadati.

Rūpanti sarīraṃ. Sarīrampi hi ‘‘aṭṭhiñca paṭicca, nhāruñca paṭicca, maṃsañca paṭicca, cammañca paṭicca, ākāso parivārito ‘rūpantveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.306) rūpanti vuccati. Maṇinā kuṇḍalena cāti sīsūpagādiābharaṇagatena maṇinā kuṇḍalena cittakataṃ. Aṭṭhiṃ tacena onaddhanti allacammena pariyonaddhaṃ atirekatisatapabhedaṃ aṭṭhiṃ passāti yojanā. Kuṇḍalena cāti ca-saddena sesābharaṇālaṅkāre saṅgaṇhāti. Saha vatthehi sobhatīti tayidaṃ rūpaṃ maṇinā cittakatampi vatthehi paṭicchāditameva sobhati, na apaṭicchāditanti attho. Ye pana ‘‘aṭṭhitacenā’’ti paṭhanti, tesaṃ aṭṭhitacenaṃ onaddhaṃ sobhati, onaddhattā aṭṭhitacenāti attho.

Alattakakatāti alattakena katarañjanā lākhāya saṃrañjitā. Pādāti caraṇā. Mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitanti mukhaṃ cuṇṇakena makkhitaṃ, yaṃ maṇḍanamanuyuttā sāsapakakkena mukhapīḷakādīni haritvā loṇamattikāya duṭṭhalohitaṃ haritvā mukhacuṇṇakavilepanaṃ karonti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Alanti bālassa andhaputhujjanassa noca pāragavesino vaṭṭābhiratassa mohāya sammohanāya samatthaṃ tassa cittaṃ mohetuṃ pariyattaṃ, pāragavesino pana vivaṭṭābhiratassa no alaṃ na pariyattaṃ.

Aṭṭhāpadakatāti aṭṭhapadākārena katā sañcitā purimabhāge kese kappetvā nalāṭassa paṭicchādanavasena katā kesaracanā aṭṭhapadaṃ nāma, yaṃ ‘‘alaka’’ntipi vuccati. Nettā añjanamakkhitāti ubhopi nayanāni anto dvīsu antesu ca yathā añjanacchāyā dissati, evaṃ añjitañjanāni.

Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkatoti yathā añjanī añjananāḷikā navā abhinavā mālākammamakaradantādivasena cittā bahi maṭṭhā ujjalā dassanīyā, anto pana na dassanīyā hoti, evameva tāsaṃ kāyo nhānabbhañjanavatthālaṅkārehi alaṅkato bahi ujjalo, anto pana pūti nānappakāraasucīhi bharito tiṭṭhatīti attho.

Odahīti oḍḍesi. Migavoti, migaluddako. Pāsanti, daṇḍavāguraṃ. Nāsadāti na saṅghaṭṭesi. Vāguranti pāsaṃ. Nivāpanti migānaṃ khādanatthāya khittaṃ tiṇādighāsaṃ. Upamā kho ayaṃ therena katā atthassa viññāpanāya. Ayañhettha attho – yathā migānaṃ māraṇatthāya daṇḍavāguraṃ oḍḍetvā tattha nivāpaṃ vikiriya migaluddake nilīne ṭhite tattheko javaparakkamasampanno cheko migo pāsaṃ aphusanto eva yathāsukhaṃ nivāpaṃ khāditvā, ‘‘vañcesi vata migo’’ti migaluddake viravante eva gacchati. Aparo migo balavā cheko javasampannova tattha gantvā nivāpaṃ khāditvā tattha tattha pāsaṃ chinditvā, ‘‘vañcesi vata migo, pāso chinno’’ti migaluddake socante eva gacchati, evaṃ mayampi pubbe puthujjanakāle mātāpitūhi āsajjanatthāya niyyādite bhoge bhuñjitvā tattha tattha asajjamānā nikkhantā. Idāni pana sabbaso chinnakilesā apāsā hutvā ṭhitā, tehi dinnabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā tesu socantesu eva gacchāmāti.

Evaṃ thero migaluddakaṃ viya mātāpitaro, hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ itthāgārañca vāgurajālaṃ viya, attanā pubbe bhuttabhoge ca idāni bhuttabhojanañca nivāpatiṇaṃ viya, attānaṃ mahāmigaṃ viya ca katvā dasseti. Imā gāthā vatvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā rañño korabyassa migājinauyyāne maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe nisīdi. Therassa kira pitā sattasu dvārakoṭṭhakesu aggaḷaṃ dāpetvā malle āṇāpesi ‘‘nikkhamituṃ mā detha, kāsāyāni apanetvā setakāni nivāsethā’’ti, tasmā thero ākāsena agamāsi. Atha rājā korabyo therassa tattha nisinnabhāvaṃ sutvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ‘‘idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, pabbajanto byādhipārijuññaṃ vā jarābhogañātipārijuññaṃ vā patto pabbajati. Tvaṃ pana kiñcipi pārijuññaṃ anupagato eva kasmā pabbajito’’ti pucchi. Athassa thero, ‘‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo, atāṇo loko anabhissaro, assako loko sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ, ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’’ti (ma. ni. 2.305) imesaṃ catunnaṃ dhammuddesānaṃ attānaṃ vivittabhāvaṃ kathetvā tassā desanāya anugītiṃ kathento –

776.

‘‘Passāmi loke sadhane manusse, laddhāna vittaṃ na dadanti mohā;

Luddhā dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ karonti, bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti.

777.

‘‘Rājā pasayhappathaviṃ vijetvā, sasāgarantaṃ mahimāvasanto;

Oraṃ samuddassa atittarūpo, pāraṃ samuddassapi patthayetha.

778.

‘‘Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā, avītataṇhā maraṇaṃ upenti;

Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṃ, kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti.

779.

‘‘Kandanti naṃ ñātī pakiriya kese, ‘aho vatā no amarā’ti cāhu;

Vatthena naṃ pārutaṃ nīharitvā, citaṃ samodhāya tato ḍahanti.

780.

‘‘So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamāno, ekena vatthena pahāya bhoge;

Na mīyamānassa bhavanti tāṇā, ñātī ca mittā atha vā sahāyā.

781.

‘‘Dāyādakā tassa dhanaṃ haranti, satto pana gacchati yenakammaṃ;

Na mīyamānaṃ dhanamanveti kiñci, puttā ca dārā ca dhanañca raṭṭhaṃ.

782.

‘‘Na dīghamāyuṃ labhate dhanena, na cāpi vittena jaraṃ vihanti;

Appaṃ hidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā, asassataṃ vippariṇāmadhammaṃ.

783.

‘‘Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṃ, bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho;

Bālo hi bālyā vadhitova seti, dhīro ca no vedhati phassaphuṭṭho.

784.

‘‘Tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyā, yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati;

Abyositattā hi bhavābhavesu, pāpāni kammāni karoti mohā.

785.

‘‘Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, saṃsāramāpajja paramparāya;

Tassappapañño abhisaddahanto, upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ.

786.

‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto, sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo;

Evaṃ pajā pecca paramhi loke, sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo.

787.

‘‘Kāmā hi citrā madhurā manoramā, virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ;

Ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā, tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja.

788.

‘‘Dumapphalānīva patanti māṇavā, daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā;

Etampi disvā pabbajitomhi rāja, apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyo.

789.

‘‘Saddhāyāhaṃ pabbajito, upeto jinasāsane;

Avañjhā mayhaṃ pabbajjā, anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ.

790.

‘‘Kāme ādittato disvā, jātarūpāni satthato;

Gabbhavokkantito dukkhaṃ, nirayesu mahabbhayaṃ.

791.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, saṃvegaṃ alabhiṃ tadā;

Sohaṃ viddho tadā santo, sampatto āsavakkhayaṃ.

792.

‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;

Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.

793.

‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo’’ti. – imā gāthā avoca;

Tattha passāmi loketi ahaṃ, mahārāja, imasmiṃ loke sadhane dhanasampanne aḍḍhe manusse passāmi, te pana laddhāna vittaṃ dhanaṃ labhitvā bhogasampattiyaṃ ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇādīsu kassaci kiñcipi na dadanti. Kasmā? Mohā kammassakatāpaññāya abhāvato. Luddhā lobhābhibhūtā yathāladdhaṃ dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ sabbaso nicetabbaṃ nidhetabbaṃ karonti. Bhiyyova yathādhigatakāmato upari kāme kāmaguṇe ‘‘tathāhaṃ edise ca bhoge paṭilabheyya’’nti abhipatthayanti paccāsīsanti tajjañca vāyāmaṃ karonti.

Bhiyyo kāmapatthanāya udāharaṇaṃ dassento ‘‘rājā’’tiādimāha. Tattha pasayhappathaviṃ vijetvāti attano vaṃsānugataṃ pathaviṃ balakkārena abhivijiya. Āvasantoti pasāsento. Oraṃ samuddassāti anavasesaṃ samuddassa orabhāgaṃ labhitvāpi tena atittarūpo pāraṃ samuddassa dīpantarampi patthayeyya.

Avītataṇhāti avigatataṇhā. Ūnāvāti aparipuṇṇamanorathāva. Kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi tittīti taṇhāvipannānaṃ imasmiṃ loke vatthukāmehi titti nāma natthi.

Kandanti nanti matapurisaṃ uddissa tassa guṇe kittentā kandanaṃ karonti. Aho vatā no amarāti cāhūti aho vata amhākaṃ ñātī amarā siyunti ca kathenti, gāthāsukhatthañhettha vatā-iti dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.

So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamānoti so matasatto chavaḍāhakehi sammā jhāpetuṃ sūlehi tujjamāno. Tāṇāti parittāṇakarā.

Yenakammanti yathākammaṃ. Dhananti dhanāyitabbaṃ yaṃkiñci vatthu. Puna dhananti hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ sandhāya vadati.

‘‘Na dīghamāyu’’ntiādinā kāmaguṇassa jarāya ca paṭikārābhāvaṃ vatvā puna tassa ekantikabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘appaṃ hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Phusantīti aniṭṭhaphassaṃ phusanti pāpuṇanti, tattha aḍḍhadaliddatā akāraṇanti dasseti. Phassaṃ bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭhoti yathā bālo iṭṭhāniṭṭhasamphassaṃ phuṭṭho, tatheva dhīro iṭṭhāniṭṭhaphassaṃ phuṭṭho hoti, na ettha bālapaṇḍitānaṃ koci viseso. Ayaṃ pana viseso, bālo hi bālyā vadhitova setīti bālapuggalo kenaci dukkhadhammena phuṭṭho socanto kilamanto urattāḷiṃ kandanto bālabhāvena vadhito pīḷitova hutvā seti sayati. Ito cito ca āvaṭṭanto vivaṭṭanto virodhento vedhati phassaphuṭṭhoti dhīro pana paṇḍito dukkhasamphassena samphuṭṭho na vedhati kampanamattampi tassa na hotīti.

Tasmāti yasmā bālapaṇḍitānaṃ lokadhamme edisī pavatti, tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyā, yāya vosānamidhādhigacchatīti paññāva dhanato pāsaṃsatarā, yāya paññāya vosānaṃ bhavassa pariyosānabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchati. Abyositattā hīti anadhigataniṭṭhattā. Bhavābhavesūti mahantāmahantesu bhavesu.

Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, saṃsāramāpajja paramparāyāti yo pāpāni katvā aparāparaṃ saṃsaraṇamāpajjitvā upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ gabbhaseyyāya paralokuppattiyā ca na muccati, tassa pāpakammakārino puggalassa kiriyaṃ abhisaddahanto ‘‘attā ca me hotī’’ti pattiyāyanto aññopi appapañño bālo yathā paṭipajjitvā upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, na tato parimuccati.

Coro yathāti yathā coro pāpadhammo gharasandhiṃ chindanto sandhimukhe ārakkhakapurisehi gahito sakammunā tena attano sandhicchedakammunā kāraṇabhūtena kasādīhi tāḷanādivasena haññati rājapurisehi bādhiyyati bajjhati ca. Evaṃ pajāti evamayaṃ sattaloko idha pāpāni karitvā pecca patvā tena kammunā paramhi loke nirayādīsu haññati, pañcavidhabandhanakammakāraṇādivasena bādhiyyati.

Evametāhi ekādasahi gāthāhi yathārahaṃ cattāro dhammuddese pakāsetvā idāni kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ disvā saddhāya attano pabbajitabhāvaṃ pabbajitakiccassa ca matthakappattiṃ vibhāvento ‘‘kāmā hī’’tiādimāha. Tattha kāmāti vatthukāmā manāpiyā rūpādayo dhammā, kilesakāmā sabbepi rāgappabhedā. Idha pana vatthukāmā veditabbā. Te hi rūpādivasena anekappakāratāya citrā. Lokassādavasena iṭṭhākāratāya madhurā. Bālaputhujjanānaṃ manaṃ ramentīti manoramā. Virūparūpenāti vividharūpena, anekavidhasabhāvenāti attho. Te hi rūpādivasena citrā, nīlādivasena vividharūpā. Evaṃ tena virūparūpena tathā tathā assādaṃ dassetvā mathenti cittaṃ pabbajjāya abhiramituṃ na dentīti iminā appassādabahudukkhatādinā ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā tasmā taṃnimittaṃ ahaṃ pabbajito amhi. Dumapphalāni pakkakāle aparipakkakāle ca yattha katthaci parūpakkamato sarasato vā patanti, evaṃ sattā daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrassa bhedā patantiyeva. Etampi disvāti evaṃ aniccatampi paññācakkhunā disvā, na kevalaṃ appassādatāditāya ādīnavamevāti adhippāyo. Apaṇṇakanti aviraddhanakaṃ sāmaññameva samaṇabhāvova seyyo uttaritaro.

Saddhāyāti kammaṃ kammaphalaṃ buddhasubuddhataṃ dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca saddahitvā. Upetojinasāsaneti satthu sāsane sammāpaṭipattiṃ upagato. Avañjhā mayhaṃ pabbajjā arahattassa adhigatattā. Tato eva anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ nikkilesavasena sāmibhāvato sāmiparibhogena paribhuñjanato.

Kāme ādittato disvāti vatthukāme kilesakāme ca ekādasahi aggīhi ādittabhāvato disvā. Jātarūpāni satthatoti katākatappabhedā sabbasuvaṇṇavikatiyo anatthāvahatāya nisitasatthato. Gabbhavokkantito dukkhanti gabbhavokkantito paṭṭhāya sabbasaṃsārapavattidukkhaṃ. Nirayesu mahabbhayanti saussadesu aṭṭhasu mahānirayesu labbhamānaṃ mahābhayañca sabbattha disvāti yojanā.

Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvāti etaṃ kāmānaṃ ādittatādiṃ saṃsāre ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ ñatvā. Saṃvegaṃ alabhiṃ tadāti tasmiṃ satthu santike dhammassa sutakāle bhavādike saṃvegaṃ alatthaṃ. Viddho tadā santoti tasmiṃ gahaṭṭhakāle rāgasallādīhi viddho samāno idāni satthu sāsanaṃ āgamma sampatto āsavakkhayaṃ, viddho vā cattāri saccāni, paṭividdhoti attho. Sesaṃ antarantarādīsu vuttattā suviññeyyameva.

Evaṃ thero rañño korabyassa dhammaṃ desetvā satthu santikameva gato. Satthā ca aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno theraṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesīti.

Raṭṭhapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Mālukyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Rūpaṃdisvā sati muṭṭhātiādikā āyasmato mālukyaputtassa gāthā. Imassa āyasmato vatthu heṭṭhā chakkanipāte (theragā. 399 ādayo) vuttameva. Tā pana gāthā therena arahatte patiṭṭhitena ñātīnaṃ dhammadesanāvasena bhāsitā. Idha pana puthujjanakāle ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’ti yācitena satthārā ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye te sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghāna…jivhā…kāya…manoviññeyyā dhammā aviññātā aviññātapubbā, na ca vijānāsi, na ca te hoti vijāneyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ettha ca te, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṃ, mute mutamattaṃ, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati. Yato kho te, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ, sute sutamattaṃ, mute mutamattaṃ, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati, tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tena. Yato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tena, tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tattha. Yato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tattha, tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena, esevanto dukkhassā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.95). Saṃkhittena dhamme desite tassa dhammassa sādhukaṃ uggahitabhāvaṃ pakāsentena –

794.

‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

795.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

796.

‘‘Saddaṃ sutvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

797.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā saddasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

798.

‘‘Gandhaṃ ghatvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

799.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā gandhasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

800.

‘‘Rasaṃ bhotvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

801.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rasasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

802.

‘‘Phassaṃ phussa sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

803.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā phassasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

804.

‘‘Dhammaṃ ñatvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

805.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā dhammasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

806.

‘‘Na so rajjati rūpesu, rūpaṃ disvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

807.

‘‘Yathāssa passato rūpaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

808.

‘‘Na so rajjati saddesu, saddaṃ sutvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

809.

‘‘Yathāssa suṇato saddaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

810.

‘‘Na so rajjati gandhesu, gandhaṃ ghatvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

811.

‘‘Yathāssa ghāyato gandhaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

812.

‘‘Na so rajjati rasesu, rasaṃ bhotvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

813.

‘‘Yathāssa sāyato rasaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

814.

‘‘Na so rajjati phassesu, phassaṃ phussa paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

815.

‘‘Yathāssa phusato phassaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

816.

‘‘Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

817.

‘‘Yathāssa vijānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccatī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha rūpaṃ disvāti cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ cakkhudvārena upalabhitvā. Sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karototi tasmiṃ rūpe diṭṭhamatte eva aṭṭhatvā subhanimittaṃ manasi karoto subhākāraggahaṇavasena ayoniso manasi karoto sati muṭṭhā hoti. Tathā ca sati sārattacitto vedeti taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ ratto, giddho, gadhito hutvā anubhavati, assādeti, abhinandati. Tathābhūto ca tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhatīti tañca rūpārammaṇaṃ ajjhosāya ‘‘sukhaṃ sukha’’nti abhinivissa gilitvā pariniṭṭhāpetvā tiṭṭhati.

Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavāti tassa evarūpassa puggalassa rūpasambhavā rūpārammaṇā sukhādibhedena anekā vedanā kilesuppattihetubhūtā vaḍḍhanti. Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññatīti piyarūpe sārajjanavasena uppajjamānāya abhijjhāya, apiyarūpe byāpajjanavasena piyarūpasseva vipariṇāmaññathābhāvāya uppajjamānāya sokādilakkhaṇāya vihesāya ca assa puggalassa cittaṃ upahaññati bādhīyati. Evamācinato dukkhanti vuttākārena taṃ taṃ vedanassādavasena bhavābhisaṅkhāraṃ ācinato vaṭṭadukkhaṃ pavattati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘vedanāpaccayā taṇhā…pe… dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti (vibha. 225; saṃ. ni. 2.1). Tathābhūtassa ārā ārakā dūre nibbānaṃ vuccati, tassa taṃ dullabhanti attho. Saddaṃ sutvātiādigāthāsupi vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Tattha ghatvāti ghāyitvā. Bhotvāti sāyitvā. Phussāti phusitvā. Dhammaṃ ñatvāti dhammārammaṇaṃ vijānitvā.

Evaṃ chadvāragocare sārajjantassa vaṭṭaṃ dassetvā idāni tattha virajjantassa vivaṭṭaṃ dassento ‘‘na so rajjati rūpesū’’tiādimāha. Tattha na so rajjati rūpesu, rūpaṃ disvā paṭissatoti yo puggalo rūpaṃ disvā āpāthagataṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhudvārikena viññāṇasantānena gahetvā catusampajaññavasena sampajānakāritāya paṭissato hoti, so rūpārammaṇesu na rajjati rāgaṃ na janeti, aññadatthu virattacitto vedeti, rūpārammaṇamhi samudayādito yathābhūtaṃ pajānanto nibbindati, nibbindanto taṃ tatthuppannavedanañca virattacitto vedeti, tathābhūto ca tañca najjhosa tiṭṭhatīti taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ sammadeva virattacittatāya ajjhosāya na tiṭṭhati ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti taṇhāmānadiṭṭhivasena nābhinivisati.

Yathāssa passato rūpanti assa yogino yathā tattha abhijjhādayo nappavattanti, evaṃ aniccādito rūpaṃ passantassa. Sevato cāpi vedananti taṃ ārabbha uppannaṃ vedanaṃ taṃsampayuttadhamme ca gocarasevanāya sevato cāpi. Khīyatīti sabbaṃ kilesavaṭṭaṃ parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gacchati. Nopacīyatīti na upaciyati na ācayaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ so caratī satoti evaṃ kilesāpanayanapaṭipattiyā sato sampajāno hutvā carati, viharati. Evaṃ apacinato dukkhanti vuttanayena apacayagāminiyā maggapaññāya sakalaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ apacinantassa. Santike nibbāna vuccatīti saupādisesaanupādisesanibbānadhātusamīpe evāti vuccati asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā sacchikatattā. Na so rajjati saddesūtiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo.

Evaṃ thero imāhi gāthāhi satthu ovādassa attanā upadhāritabhāvaṃ pavedetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā satthāraṃ vanditvā gato nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.

Mālukyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Selattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Paripuṇṇakāyotiādikā āyasmato selattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarabhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto gaṇapāmokkho hutvā tīṇi purisasatāni samādapetvā tehi saddhiṃ satthu gandhakuṭiṃ kāretvā katapariyositāya gandhakuṭiyā sabhikkhusaṅghassa bhagavato mahādānaṃ pavattetvā satthāraṃ bhikkhū ca ticīvarena acchādesi. So tena puññakammena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devaloke eva vasitvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aṅguttarāpesu āpaṇe nāma brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā seloti laddhanāmo ahosi. So vayappatto tīsu vedesu, brāhmaṇasippesu ca nipphattiṃ gantvā tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vācento āpaṇe paṭivasati. Tena ca samayena satthā sāvatthito nikkhamitvā aḍḍhateḷasahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ aṅguttarāpesu cārikaṃ caranto selassa, antevāsikānañca ñāṇaparipākaṃ disvā aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe viharati. Atha keṇiyo nāma jaṭilo satthu āgamanaṃ sutvā tattha gantvā saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena satthāraṃ svātanāya nimantetvā sake assame pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādeti. Tasmiñca samaye selo brāhmaṇo saddhiṃ tīhi māṇavakasatehi jaṅghāvihāraṃ anuvicaranto keṇiyassa assamaṃ pavisitvā jaṭile kaṭṭhaphālanuddhanasampādanādinā dānūpakaraṇaṃ sajjente disvā, ‘‘kiṃ nu kho te, keṇiya, mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito’’tiādiṃ pucchitvā tena ‘‘buddho bhagavā mayā svātanāya nimantito’’ti vutte ‘‘buddho’’ti vacanaṃ sutvāva haṭṭho udaggo pītisomanassajāto tāvadeva māṇavakehi saddhiṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā katapaṭisanthāro ekamantaṃ nisinno bhagavato kāye bāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni disvā ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato rājā vā hoti cakkavattī, buddho vā loke vivaṭṭacchado, ayaṃ pana pabbajito, no ca kho naṃ jānāmi ‘buddho vā, no vā’, sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘ye te bhavanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā , te sake vaṇṇe bhaññamāne attānaṃ pātukarontī’ti asammāsambuddho hi sammukhe ṭhatvā buddhaguṇehi abhitthavīyamāno sārajjati maṅkubhāvaṃ āpajjati avesārajjappattatāya ananuyogakkhamattā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti evaṃ pana cintetvā –

818.

‘‘Paripuṇṇakāyo suruci, sujāto cārudassano;

Suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā, susukkadāṭhosi vīriyavā.

819.

‘‘Narassa hi sujātassa, ye bhavanti viyañjanā;

Sabbe te tava kāyasmiṃ, mahāpurisalakkhaṇā.

820.

‘‘Pasannanetto sumukho, brahā uju patāpavā;

Majjhe samaṇasaṅghassa, ādiccova virocasi.

821.

‘‘Kalyāṇadassano bhikkhu, kañcanasannibhattaco;

Kiṃ te samaṇabhāvena, evaṃ uttamavaṇṇino.

822.

‘‘Rājā arahasi bhavituṃ, cakkavattī rathesabho;

Cāturanto vijitāvī, jambusaṇḍassa issaro.

823.

‘‘Khattiyā bhogī rājāno, anuyantā bhavanti te;

Rājābhirājā manujindo, rajjaṃ kārehi gotamā’’ti. –

Chahi gāthāhi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavi.

Tattha paripuṇṇakāyoti abhibyattarūpānaṃ dvattiṃsāya mahāpurisalakkhaṇānaṃ paripuṇṇatāya ahīnaṅgapaccaṅgatāya ca paripuṇṇasarīro. Surucīti sundarasarīrappabho. Sujātoti ārohapariṇāhasampattiyā, saṇṭhānasampattiyā ca sunibbatto. Cārudassanoti sucirampi passantānaṃ atittijanakaṃ appaṭikkūlaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ cāru eva dassanaṃ assāti cārudassano. Keci panāhu ‘‘cārudassanoti sundaranetto’’ti. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇoti suvaṇṇasadisavaṇṇo. Asīti bhavasi, idaṃ padaṃ ‘‘paripuṇṇakāyo asī’’tiādinā sabbapadehi yojetabbaṃ. Susukkadāṭhoti suṭṭhu sukkadāṭho. Bhagavato hi dāṭhāhi candakiraṇā viya dhavalarasmiyo niccharanti. Vīriyavāti vīriyapāramīpāripūriyā caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānato catubbidhassa sammappadhānassa sampattiyā ca atisayayutto.

Narassa hi sujātassāti samatiṃsāya pāramīnaṃ, ariyassa vā cakkavattīvattassa paripūritattā suṭṭhu sammadeva jātassa narassa, mahāpurisassāti attho. Sabbe teti ye mahāpurisabhāvaṃ loke aggapuggalabhāvaṃ byañjayantīti byañjanāti laddhavohārasuppatiṭṭhitapādatādibāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇasaṅkhātā tambanakhatuṅganakhatādiasītianubyañjanasaṅkhātā ca rūpaguṇā, te anavasesā, tava kāyasmiṃ santīti vacanaseso.

Mahāpurisalakkhaṇāti pubbe vuttabyañjanāneva vacanantarena nigamento āha.

Idāni tesu lakkhaṇesu attanā abhirucitehi lakkhaṇehi bhagavantaṃ thomento ‘‘pasannanetto’’tiādimāha. Bhagavā hi pañca vaṇṇapasādasampattiyā pasannanetto. Paripuṇṇacandamaṇḍalasadisamukhatāya sumukho. Ārohapariṇāhasampattiyā brahā. Brahmujugattatāya uju. Jutimantatāya patāpavā.

Idāni tameva patāpavantataṃ ādiccūpamāya vibhāvento ‘‘majjhe samaṇasaṅghassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha ādiccova virocasīti yathā ādicco uggacchanto sabbaṃ tamagataṃ vidhametvā ālokaṃ karonto virocati, evaṃ tvampi anto ceva bahi ca sabbaṃ avijjātamaṃ viddhaṃsetvā ñāṇālokaṃ karonto virocasi.

Dassanīyarūpatāya aṅgīgatānaṃ dassanasampattīnaṃ āvahanato, kalyāṇehi pañcahi dassanehi samannāgatattā ca kalyāṇadassano. Uttamavaṇṇinoti uttamavaṇṇasampannassa.

Cakkavattīti cakkaratanaṃ vatteti, catūhi sampatticakkehi vatteti, tehi ca pare vatteti. Parahitāya iriyāpathacakkānaṃ vatto etasmiṃ atthīti cakkavattī. Atha vā catūhi acchariyadhammehi ca saṅgahavatthūhi ca samannāgamena parehi anabhibhavanīyassa āṇācakkassa vatto etasmiṃ atthītipi cakkavattī. Rathesabhoti rathikesu ājānīyausabhapuriso, mahārathikoti attho. Cāturantoti catusamuddantāya pathaviyā issaro. Vijitāvīti vijitavijayo. Jambusaṇḍassāti jambudīpassa, pākaṭena hi issariyāni dassento evamāha. Cakkavattī pana saparittadīpānaṃ catunnampi mahādīpānaṃ issarova.

Khattiyāti jātikhattiyā. Bhogīti bhogiyā. Rājānoti ye keci rajjaṃ kārentā. Anuyantāti anugāmino sevakā. Rājābhirājāti rājūnaṃ pūjanīyo rājā hutvā, cakkavattīti adhippāyo. Manujindoti manussādhipati, manussānaṃ paramissaroti attho.

Evaṃ selena vutte bhagavā ‘‘ye te bhavanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, te sake vaṇṇe bhaññamāne attānaṃ pātukarontī’’ti imaṃ selassa manorathaṃ pūrento –

824.

‘‘Rājāhamasmi sela, (selāti bhagavā) dhammarājā anuttaro;

Dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, cakkaṃ appaṭivattiya’’nti. – imaṃ gāthamāha;

Tatrāyaṃ adhippāyo – yaṃ maṃ tvaṃ, sela, yācasi, ‘‘rājā arahasi bhavituṃ cakkavattī’’ti, ettha appossukko hohi, rājāhamasmi, sati ca rājatte yathā añño rājā samānopi yojanasataṃ vā anusāsati, dve tīṇi cattāri pañca yojanasatāni vā yojanasahassaṃ vā cakkavattī hutvāpi catudīpapariyantamattaṃ vā, nāhamevaṃ paricchinnavisayo. Ahañhi dhammarājā anuttaro bhavaggato avīcipariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimeyyalokadhātuyo anusāsāmi. Yāvatā hi apadādibhedā sattā, ahaṃ tesaṃ aggo. Na hi me koci sīlena vā…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanena vā sadiso natthi, kuto bhiyyo. Svāhaṃ evaṃ dhammarājā anuttaro, anuttareneva catusatipaṭṭhānādibhedabodhipakkhiyasaṅkhātena dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, ‘‘idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’’tiādinā āṇācakkaṃ. ‘‘Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasacca’’ntiādinā (mahāva. 14; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) pariyattidhammena dhammacakkameva vā. Cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyanti yaṃ cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ hoti samaṇena vā…pe… kenaci vā lokasminti.

Evaṃ attānamāvikarontaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pītisomanassajāto selo puna daḷhīkaraṇatthaṃ –

825.

‘‘Sambuddho paṭijānāsi, (iti selo brāhmaṇo) dhammarājā anuttaro;

Dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, iti bhāsatha gotama.

826.

‘‘Ko nu senāpati bhoto, sāvako satthuranvayo;

Ko tetamanuvatteti, dhammacakkaṃ pavattita’’nti. – gāthādvayamāha;

Tattha ko nu senāpatīti dhammarañño bhoto dhammena pavattitassa cakkassa anupavattanako senāpati ko nūti pucchi.

Tena ca samayena bhagavato dakkhiṇapasse āyasmā sāriputto nisinno hoti, suvaṇṇapuñjo viya siriyā sobhamāno. Taṃ dassento bhagavā –

827.

‘‘Mayā pavattitaṃ cakkaṃ, (selāti bhagavā) dhammacakkaṃ anuttaraṃ;

Sāriputto anuvatteti, anujāto tathāgata’’nti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha anujāto tathāgatanti, tathāgataṃ anujāto, tathā gatena hetunā ariyāya jātiyā jātoti attho.

Evaṃ ‘‘ko nu senāpati bhoto’’ti selena vuttapañhaṃ byākaritvā yaṃ selo āha ‘‘sambuddho paṭijānāsī’’ti tattha naṃ nikkaṅkhaṃ kātukāmo ‘‘nāhaṃ paṭiññāmatteneva paṭijānāmi, api cāhaṃ iminā kāraṇena buddho’’ti ñāpetuṃ –

828.

‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha abhiññeyyanti cattāri saccāni cattāri ariyasaccāni. Catunnañhi saccānaṃ ariyasaccānañca sāmaññaggahaṇametaṃ yadidaṃ abhiññeyyanti. Tattha ariyasaccesu yaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maggasaccaṃ, yañca pahātabbaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, tadubhayaggahaṇena tesaṃ phalabhūtāni nirodhasaccadukkhasaccānipi gahitāneva honti hetuggahaṇeneva phalasiddhito. Tena tattha ‘‘sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññāta’’nti idampi vuttameva hoti. ‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññāta’’nti vā iminā ca sabbassapi ñeyyassa abhiññātasambuddhabhāvaṃ uddesavasena pakāsetvā tadekadesaṃ niddesavasena dassento ‘‘bhāvetabbañca bhāvita’’ntiādimāha. Atha vā ‘‘bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvitaṃ, pahātabbaṃ pahīna’’nti iminā attano ñāṇapahānasampadākittanamukhena taṃmūlakattā sabbepi buddhaguṇā kittitā hontīti āha ‘‘tasmā buddhosmi, brāhmaṇā’’ti. Abhiññeyyaabhiññātaggahaṇena hi sabbaso vijjāvimuttīnaṃ gahitattā saphalaṃ catusaccabhāvaṃ saddhiṃ hetusampattiyā dassento bujjhitabbaṃ sabbaṃ bujjhitvā buddho jātosmīti ñāyena hetunā attano buddhabhāvaṃ vibhāveti.

Evaṃ nippariyāyena attānaṃ pātukaritvā attani kaṅkhāvitaraṇatthaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ussāhento –

829.

‘‘Vinayassu mayi kaṅkhaṃ, adhimuccassu brāhmaṇa;

Dullabhaṃ dassanaṃ hoti, sambuddhānaṃ abhiṇhaso.

830.

‘‘Yesaṃ ve dullabho loke, pātubhāvo abhiṇhaso;

Sohaṃ brāhmaṇa buddhosmi, sallakatto anuttaro.

831.

‘‘Brahmabhūto atitulo, mārasenappamaddano;

Sabbāmitte vase katvā, modāmi akutobhayo’’ti. – gāthattayamāha;

Tattha vinayassūti vinehi chinda. Kaṅkhanti vicikicchaṃ. Adhimuccassūti adhimokkhaṃ kara ‘‘sammāsambuddho’’ti saddaha. Dullabhaṃ dassanaṃ hoti, sambuddhānanti yato kappānaṃ asaṅkhyeyyampi buddhasuñño loko hoti. Sallakattoti, rāgādisallakattano. Brahmabhūtoti seṭṭhabhūto. Atituloti tulaṃ atīto, nirupamoti attho. Mārasenappamaddanoti ‘‘kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’ti (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28; cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47) evaṃ āgatāya mārasenāya pamaddano. Sabbāmitteti khandhakilesābhisaṅkhāramaccudevaputtamārasaṅkhāte sabbapaccatthike . Vase katvāti attano vase katvā. Modāmi akutobhayoti kutoci nibbhayo samādhisukhena, phalanibbānasukhena ca modāmi.

Evaṃ vutte selo brāhmaṇo tāvadeva bhagavati sañjātapasādo pabbajjāpekkho hutvā –

832.

‘‘Idaṃ bhonto nisāmetha, yathā bhāsati cakkhumā;

Sallakatto mahāvīro, sīhova nadatī vane.

833.

‘‘Brahmabhūtaṃ atitulaṃ, mārasenappamaddanaṃ;

Ko disvā nappasīdeyya, api kaṇhābhijātiko.

834.

‘‘Yo maṃ icchati anvetu, yo vā nicchati gacchatu;

Idhāhaṃ pabbajissāmi, varapaññassa santike’’ti. –

Gāthattayamāha. Yathā taṃ paripākagatāya upanissayasampattiyā codiyamāno.

Tattha kaṇhābhijātikoti, nīcajātiko, tamotamaparāyaṇabhāve ṭhito.

Tato tepi māṇavakā hetusampannatāya tattheva pabbajjāpekkhā hutvā –

835.

‘‘Etaṃ ce ruccati bhoto, sammāsambuddhasāsanaṃ;

Mayampi pabbajissāma, varapaññassa santike’’ti. –

Gāthamāhaṃsu, yathā taṃ tena saddhiṃ katādhikārā kulaputtā.

Atha selo tesu māṇavakesu tuṭṭhacitto te dassento pabbajjañca yācamāno –

836.

‘‘Brāhmaṇā tisatā ime, yācanti pañjalīkatā;

Brahmacariyaṃ carissāma, bhagavā tava santike’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tato bhagavā yasmā selo heṭṭhā vuttanayena padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle tesaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ purisasatānaṃ gaṇajeṭṭho hutvā ropitakusalamūlo, idāni pacchimabhavepi tesaṃyeva ācariyo hutvā nibbatto, ñāṇañcassa tesañca paripakkaṃ, ehibhikkhubhāvassa ca upanissayo atthi, tasmā te sabbeva ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbajjāya pabbājento –

837.

‘‘Svākhātaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, (selāti bhagavā) sandiṭṭhikamakālikaṃ;

Yattha amoghā pabbajjā, appamattassa sikkhato’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha sandiṭṭhikanti paccakkhaṃ. Akālikanti maggānantaraphaluppattito na kālantare pattabbaphalaṃ. Yatthāti yaṃnimittā . Maggabrahmacariyanimittā hi pabbajjā amoghā anipphalā, yatthāti vā yasmiṃ sāsane appamattassa sativippavāsarahitassa tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhato.

Evañca vatvā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā avoca. Tāvadeva te sabbe iddhimayapattacīvaradharā hutvā saṭṭhivassikattherā viya bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā parivāresuṃ. So evaṃ pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sattame divase sapariso arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.208-303) –

‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, vīthisāmī ahosahaṃ;

Mama ñātī samānetvā, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.

‘‘Buddho loke samuppanno, puññakkhetto anuttaro;

Āsi so sabbalokassa, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho.

‘‘Khattiyā negamā ceva, mahāsālā ca brāhmaṇā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Hatthārohā anīkaṭṭhā, rathikā pattikārakā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Uggā ca rājaputtā ca, vesiyānā ca brāhmaṇā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Āḷārikā kappakā ca, nhāpakā mālakārakā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Rajakā pesakārā ca, cammakārā ca nhāpitā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Usukārā bhamakārā, cammakārā ca tacchakā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Kammārā soṇṇakārā ca, tipulohakarā tathā;

Pasannacittā sumanā, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Bhatakā ceṭakā ceva, dāsakammakarā bahū;

Yathāsakena thāmena, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Udahārā kaṭṭhahārā, kassakā tiṇahārakā;

Yathāsakena thāmena, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Pupphikā mālikā ceva, paṇṇikā phalahārakā;

Yathāsakena thāmena, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Gaṇikā kumbhadāsī ca, pūvikā macchikāpi ca;

Yathāsakena thāmena, pūgadhammaṃ akaṃsu te.

‘‘Etha sabbe samāgantvā, gaṇaṃ bandhāma ekato;

Adhikāraṃ karissāma, puññakkhette anuttare.

‘‘Te me sutvāna vacanaṃ, gaṇaṃ bandhiṃsu tāvade;

Upaṭṭhānasālaṃ sukataṃ, bhikkhusaṅghassa kārayuṃ.

‘‘Niṭṭhāpetvāna taṃ sālaṃ, udaggo tuṭṭhamānaso;

Pareto tehi sabbehi, sambuddhamupasaṅkamiṃ.

‘‘Upasaṅkamma sambuddhaṃ, lokanāthaṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Vanditvā satthuno pāde, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.

‘‘Ime tīṇi satā vīra, purisā ekato gaṇā;

Upaṭṭhānasālaṃ sukataṃ, niyyādenti tuvaṃ muni.

‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghassa purato, sampaṭicchatva cakkhumā;

Tiṇṇaṃ satānaṃ purato, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Tisatāpi ca jeṭṭho ca, anuvattiṃsu ekato;

Sampattiñhi karitvāna, sabbe anubhavissatha.

‘‘Pacchime bhave sampatte, sītibhāvamanuttaraṃ;

Ajaraṃ amataṃ santaṃ, nibbānaṃ phassayissatha.

‘‘Evaṃ buddho viyākāsi, sabbaññū samaṇuttaro;

Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, somanassaṃ pavedayiṃ.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni, devaloke ramiṃ ahaṃ;

Devādhipo pañcasataṃ, devarajjamakārayiṃ.

‘‘Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;

Devarajjaṃ karontassa, mahādevā avandisuṃ.

‘‘Idha mānusake rajjaṃ, parisā honti bandhavā;

Pacchime bhave sampatte, vāseṭṭho nāma brāhmaṇo.

‘‘Asītikoṭi nicayo, tassa putto ahosahaṃ;

Selo iti mamaṃ nāmaṃ, chaḷaṅge pāramiṃ gato.

‘‘Jaṅghāvihāraṃ vicaraṃ, sasissehi purakkhato;

Jaṭābhārikabharitaṃ, keṇiyaṃ nāma tāpasaṃ.

‘‘Paṭiyattāhutiṃ disvā, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ;

Āvāho vā vivāho vā, rājā vā te nimantito.

‘‘Āhutiṃ yiṭṭhukāmohaṃ, brāhmaṇe devasammate;

Na nimantemi rājānaṃ, āhutī me na vijjati.

‘‘Na catthi mayhamāvāho, vivāho me na vijjati;

Sakyānaṃ nandijanano, seṭṭho loke sadevake.

‘‘Sabbalokahitatthāya , sabbasattasukhāvaho;

So me nimantito ajja, tassetaṃ paṭiyādanaṃ.

‘‘Timbarūsakavaṇṇābho, appameyyo anūpamo;

Rūpenāsadiso buddho, svātanāya nimantito.

‘‘Ukkāmukhapahaṭṭhova, khadiraṅgārasannibho;

Vijjūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Pabbatagge yathā acci, puṇṇamāyeva candimā;

Naḷaggivaṇṇasaṅkāso, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Asambhīto bhayātīto, bhavantakaraṇo muni;

Sīhūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Kusalo buddhadhammehi, apasayho parehi so;

Nāgūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Saddhammācārakusalo, buddhanāgo asādiso;

Usabhūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Anantavaṇṇo amitayaso, vicittasabbalakkhaṇo;

Sakkūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Vasī gaṇī patāpī ca, tejassī ca durāsado;

Brahmūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Pattadhammo dasabalo, balātibalapārago;

Dharaṇūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Sīlavīcisamākiṇṇo, dhammaviññāṇakhobhito;

Udadhūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Durāsado duppasaho, acalo uggato brahā;

Nerūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Anantañāṇo asamasamo, atulo aggataṃ gato;

Gaganūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Patiṭṭhā bhayabhītānaṃ, tāṇo saraṇagāminaṃ;

Assāsako mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Āsayo buddhimantānaṃ, puññakkhettaṃ sukhesinaṃ;

Ratanākaro mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Assāsako vedakaro, sāmaññaphaladāyako;

Meghūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Lokacakkhu mahātejo, sabbatamavinodano;

Sūriyūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Ārammaṇavimuttīsu, sabhāvadassano muni;

Candūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Buddho samussito loke, lakkhaṇehi alaṅkato;

Appameyyo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Yassa ñāṇaṃ appameyyaṃ, sīlaṃ yassa anūpamaṃ;

Vimutti asadisā yassa, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Yassa dhīti asadisā, thāmo yassa acintiyo;

Yassa parakkamo jeṭṭho, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Rāgo doso ca moho ca, visā sabbe samūhatā;

Agadūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Klesabyādhibahudukkha-sabbatamavinodano;

Vejjūpamo mahāvīro, so me buddho nimantito.

‘‘Buddhoti bho yaṃ vadesi, ghosopeso sudullabho;

Buddho buddhoti sutvāna, pīti me udapajjatha.

‘‘Abbhantaraṃ agaṇhantaṃ, pīti me bahi nicchare;

Sohaṃ pītimano santo, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.

‘‘Kahaṃ nu kho so bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Tattha gantvā namassissaṃ, sāmaññaphaladāyakaṃ.

‘‘Paggayha dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ, vedajāto katañjalī;

Ācikkhi me dhammarājaṃ, sokasallavinodanaṃ.

‘‘Udentaṃva mahāmeghaṃ, nīlaṃ añjanasannibhaṃ;

Sāgaraṃ viya dissantaṃ, passasetaṃ mahāvanaṃ.

‘‘Ettha so vasate buddho, adantadamako muni;

Vinayanto ca veneyye, bodhento bodhipakkhiye.

‘‘Pipāsitova udakaṃ, bhojanaṃva jighacchito;

Gāvī yathā vacchagiddhā, evāhaṃ viciniṃ jinaṃ.

‘‘Ācāraupacāraññū, dhammānucchavisaṃvaraṃ;

Sikkhāpemi sake sisse, gacchante jinasantikaṃ.

‘‘Durāsadā bhagavanto, sīhāva ekacārino;

Pade padaṃ nikkhipantā, āgaccheyyātha māṇavā.

‘‘Āsīviso yathā ghoro, migarājāva kesarī;

Mattova kuñjaro dantī, evaṃ buddhā durāsadā.

‘‘Ukkāsitañca khipitaṃ, ajjhupekkhiya māṇavā;

Pade padaṃ nikkhipantā, upetha buddhasantikaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisallānagarukā, appasaddā durāsadā;

Durūpasaṅkamā buddhā, garū honti sadevake.

‘‘Yadāhaṃ pañhaṃ pucchāmi, paṭisammodayāmi vā;

Appasaddā tadā hotha, munibhūtāva tiṭṭhatha.

‘‘Yaṃ so deseti sambuddho, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā;

Tamevatthaṃ nisāmetha, saddhammasavanaṃ sukhaṃ.

‘‘Upasaṅkamma sambuddhaṃ, sammodiṃ muninā ahaṃ;

Taṃ kathaṃ vītisāretvā, lakkhaṇe upadhārayiṃ.

‘‘Lakkhaṇe dve ca kaṅkhāmi, passāmi tiṃsalakkhaṇe;

Kosohitavatthaguyhaṃ, iddhiyā dassayī muni.

‘‘Jivhaṃ ninnāmayitvāna, kaṇṇasote ca nāsike;

Paṭimasi nalāṭantaṃ, kevalaṃ chādayī jino.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ lakkhaṇe disvā, paripuṇṇe sabyañjane;

Buddhoti niṭṭhaṃ gantvāna, saha sissehi pabbajiṃ.

‘‘Satehi tīhi sahito, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Aḍḍhamāse asampatte, sabbe pattāmha nibbutiṃ.

‘‘Ekato kammaṃ katvāna, puññakkhette anuttare;

Ekato saṃsaritvāna, ekato vinivattayuṃ.

‘‘Gopānasiyo datvāna, pūgadhamme vasiṃ ahaṃ

Tena kammena sukatena, aṭṭha hetū labhāmahaṃ.

‘‘Disāsu pūjito homi, bhogā ca amitā mama;

Patiṭṭhā homi sabbesaṃ, tāso mama na vijjati.

‘‘Byādhayo me na vijjanti, dīghāyuṃ pālayāmi ca;

Sukhumacchaviko homi, āvāse patthite vase.

‘‘Aṭṭha gopānasī datvā, pūgadhamme vasiṃ ahaṃ;

Paṭisambhidārahattañca, etaṃ me aparaṭṭhamaṃ.

‘‘Sabbavositavosāno, katakicco anāsavo;

Aṭṭha gopānasī nāma, tava putto mahāmuni.

‘‘Pañca thambhāni datvāna, pūgadhamme vasiṃ ahaṃ;

Tena kammena sukatena, pañca hetū labhāmahaṃ.

‘‘Acalo homi mettāya, anūnaṅgo bhavāmahaṃ;

Ādeyyavacano homi, na dhaṃsemi yathā ahaṃ.

‘‘Abhantaṃ hoti me cittaṃ, akhilo homi kassaci;

Tena kammena sukatena, vimalo homi sāsane.

‘‘Sagāravo sappatisso, katakicco anāsavo;

Sāvako te mahāvīra, bhikkhu taṃ vandate muni.

‘‘Katvā sukatapallaṅkaṃ, sālāyaṃ paññapesahaṃ;

Tena kammena sukatena, pañca hetū labhāmahaṃ.

‘‘Ucce kule pajāyitvā, mahābhogo bhavāmahaṃ;

Sabbasampattiko homi, maccheraṃ me na vijjati.

‘‘Gamane patthite mayhaṃ, pallaṅko upatiṭṭhati;

Saha pallaṅkaseṭṭhena, gacchāmi mama patthitaṃ.

‘‘Tena pallaṅkadānena, tamaṃ sabbaṃ vinodayiṃ;

Sabbābhiññābalappatto, thero vandati taṃ muni.

‘‘Parikiccattakiccāni, sabbakiccāni sādhayiṃ;

Tena kammena sukatena, pāvisiṃ abhayaṃ puraṃ.

‘‘Pariniṭṭhitasālamhi , paribhogamadāsahaṃ;

Tena kammena sukatena, seṭṭhattaṃ ajjhupāgato.

‘‘Ye keci damakā loke, hatthiasse damenti ye;

Karitvā kāraṇā nānā, dāruṇena damenti te.

‘‘Na hevaṃ tvaṃ mahāvīra, damesi naranāriyo;

Adaṇḍena asatthena, damesi uttame dame.

‘‘Dānassa vaṇṇe kittento, desanākusalo muni;

Ekapañhaṃ kathentova, bodhesi tisate muni.

‘‘Dantā mayaṃ sārathinā, suvimuttā anāsavā;

Sabbābhiññābalapattā, nibbutā upadhikkhaye.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Atikkantā bhayā sabbe, sālādānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā aññaṃ byākaronto –

838.

‘‘Yaṃ taṃ saraṇamāgamha, ito aṭṭhame cakkhuma;

Sattarattena bhagavā, dantāmha tava sāsane’’ti. –

Gāthamāha . Tassattho – pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhuma bhagavā yasmā mayaṃ ito atīte aṭṭhame divase taṃ saraṇaṃ agamimha. Tasmā sattarattena tava sāsane damakena dantā amha, aho te saraṇagamanassa ānubhāvoti. Tato paraṃ –

839.

‘‘Tuvaṃ buddho tuvaṃ satthā, tuvaṃ mārābhibhū muni;

Tuvaṃ anusaye chetvā, tiṇṇo tāresimaṃ pajaṃ.

840.

‘‘Upadhī te samatikkantā, āsavā te padālitā;

Sīhova anupādāno, pahīnabhayabheravo’’ti. –

Imāhi dvīhi gāthāhi abhitthavitvā osānagāthāya satthāraṃ vandanaṃ yācati –

841.

‘‘Bhikkhavo tisatā ime, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā;

Pāde vīra pasārehi, nāgā vandantu satthuno’’ti.

Tattha tuvaṃ buddhoti tvameva imasmiṃ loke sabbaññubuddho. Diṭṭhadhammikādiatthena sattānaṃ anusāsanato tvameva satthā. Sabbesaṃ mārānaṃ abhibhavanato mārābhibhū. Munibhāvato muni. Anusayechetvāti kāmarāgādike anusaye ariyamaggasatthena chinditvā. Tiṇṇoti sayaṃ saṃsāramahoghaṃ tiṇṇo, desanāhatthena imaṃ pajaṃ sattakāyaṃ tāresi. Upadhīti khandhūpadhiādayo sabbe upadhī. Adupādānoti sabbaso pahīnakāmupādānādiko. Evaṃ vatvā thero sapariso satthāraṃ abhivandatīti.

Selattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Kāḷigodhāputtabhaddiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yātaṃme hatthigīvāyātiādikā āyasmato bhaddiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle mahābhogakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ uccākulikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthāpissa anantarāyena samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā byākāsi. Sopi taṃ byākaraṇaṃ sutvā uccākulikasaṃvattanikaṃ kammaṃ pucchitvā dhammassavanassa kārāpanaṃ, dhammamaṇḍape āsanadānaṃ, bījanīdānaṃ, dhammakathikānaṃ pūjāsakkārakaraṇaṃ, uposathāgāre paṭissayadānanti evamādiṃ yāvajīvaṃ bahupuññaṃ katvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato aparabhāge amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattiyā puretaraṃ bārāṇasiyaṃ kuṭumbiyaghare nibbatto sambahule paccekabuddhe piṇḍāya caritvā ekasmiṃyeva ṭhāne samāgantvā bhattavissaggaṃ karonte disvā tattha pāsāṇaphalakāni attharitvā pādodakādiṃ upaṭṭhapento yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhahi.

So ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare sākiyarājakule nibbatti, bhaddiyotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto anuruddhādīhi pañcahi khattiyehi saddhiṃ satthari anupiyambavane viharante satthu santike pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Taṃ satthā aparabhāge jetavane ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno uccākulikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So phalasukhena nibbānasukhena ca vītināmento araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi ‘‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’nti abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhū satthu ārocesuṃ – ‘‘āyasmā bhaddiyo kāḷigodhāya putto abhikkhaṇaṃ ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’nti vadati, anabhirato maññe brahmacariyaṃ caratī’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhaddiya, abhikkhaṇaṃ ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’nti vadasī’’ti pucchi. So ‘‘saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti paṭijānitvā ‘‘pubbe me, bhante, rajjaṃ kārentassa susaṃvihitārakkho ahosiṃ, tathāpi bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkito vihāsiṃ. Idāni pana pabbajito abhīto anubbiggo anussaṅkito viharāmī’’ti vatvā –

842.

‘‘Yātaṃ me hatthigīvāya, sukhumā vatthā padhāritā;

Sālīnaṃ odano bhutto, sucimaṃsūpasecano.

843.

‘‘Sojja bhaddo sātatiko, uñchāpattāgate rato;

Jhāyati anupādāno, putto godhāya bhaddiyo.

844.

‘‘Paṃsukūlī sātatiko, uñchāpattāgate rato;

Jhāyati anupādāno, putto godhāya bhaddiyo.

845.

‘‘Piṇḍapātī sātatiko…pe….

846.

‘‘Tecīvarī sātatiko…pe….

847.

‘‘Sapadānacārī sātatiko…pe….

848.

‘‘Ekāsanī sātatiko…pe….

849.

‘‘Pattapiṇḍī sātatiko…pe….

850.

‘‘Khalupacchābhattī sātatiko…pe….

851.

‘‘Āraññiko sātatiko…pe….

852.

‘‘Rukkhamūliko sātatiko…pe….

853.

‘‘Abbhokāsī sātatiko…pe….

854.

‘‘Sosāniko sātatiko…pe….

855.

‘‘Yathāsanthatiko sātatiko…pe….

856.

‘‘Nesajjiko sātatiko…pe….

857.

‘‘Appiccho sātatiko…pe….

858.

‘‘Santuṭṭho sātatiko…pe….

859.

‘‘Pavivitto sātatiko…pe….

860.

‘‘Asaṃsaṭṭho sātatiko…pe….

861.

‘‘Āraddhavīriyo sātatiko…pe….

862.

‘‘Hitvā satapalaṃ kaṃsaṃ, sovaṇṇaṃ satarājikaṃ;

Aggahiṃ mattikāpattaṃ, idaṃ dutiyābhisecanaṃ.

863.

‘‘Ucce maṇḍalipākāre, daḷhamaṭṭālakoṭṭhake;

Rakkhito khaggahatthehi, uttamaṃ vihariṃ pure.

864.

‘‘Sojja bhaddo anutrāsī, pahīnabhayabheravo;

Jhāyati vanamogayha, putto godhāya bhaddiyo.

865.

‘‘Sīlakkhandhe patiṭṭhāya, satiṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;

Pāpuṇiṃ anupubbena, sabbasaṃyojanakkhaya’’nti. –

Imāhi gāthāhi satthu purato sīhanādaṃ nadi.

Tattha yātaṃ me hatthigīvāyāti, bhante, pubbe mayā gacchantenāpi hatthigīvāya hatthikkhandhe nisīditvā yātaṃ caritaṃ. Vatthāni pariharantenāpi sukhumā sukhasamphassā kāsikavatthavisesā dhāritā. Odanaṃ bhuñjantenāpi tivassikānaṃ purāṇagandhasālīnaṃ odano tittirakapiñjarādinā sucinā maṃsena upasittatāya sucimaṃsūpasecano bhutto, tathāpi taṃ sukhaṃ na mayhaṃ cittaparitosakaraṃ ahosi, yathā etarahi vivekasukhanti dassento āha ‘‘sojja bhaddo’’tiādi. Ettha ca hatthiggahaṇeneva assarathayānāni, vatthaggahaṇena sabbarājālaṅkārā, odanaggahaṇena sabbabhojanavikati gahitāti veditabbaṃ. Sojjāti so ajja etarahi pabbajjāyaṃ ṭhito. Bhaddoti sīlādiguṇehi samannāgatattā bhaddo. Sātatikoti samaṇadhamme diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāre sātaccayutto. Uñchāpattāgate ratoti uñchācariyāya patte āgate pattapariyāpanne abhirato, teneva santuṭṭhoti adhippāyo. Jhāyatīti phalasamāpattijhānena jhāyati. Putto godhāyāti kāḷigodhāya nāma khattiyāya putto. Bhaddiyoti evaṃnāmo attānameva thero aññaṃ viya katvā vadati.

Gahapaticīvaraṃ paṭikkhipitvā paṃsukūlikaṅgasamādānena paṃsukūliko. Saṅghabhattaṃ paṭikkhipitvā piṇḍapātikaṅgasamādānena piṇḍapātiko. Atirekacīvaraṃ paṭikkhipitvā tecīvarikaṅgasamādānena tecīvariko. Loluppacāraṃ paṭikkhipitvā sapadānacārikaṅgasamādānena sapadānacārī. Nānāsanabhojanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ekāsanikaṅgasamādānena ekāsaniko. Dutiyakabhājanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā pattapiṇḍikaṅgasamādānena pattapiṇḍiko. Atirittabhojanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā khalupacchābhattikaṅgasamādānena khalupacchābhattiko. Gāmantasenāsanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā āraññikaṅgasamādānena āraññiko. Channavāsaṃ paṭikkhipitvā rukkhamūlikaṅgasamādānena rukkhamūliko. Channarukkhamūlāni paṭikkhipitvā abbhokāsikaṅgasamādānena abbhokāsiko. Nasusānaṃ paṭikkhipitvā sosānikaṅgasamādānena sosāniko. Senāsanaloluppaṃ paṭikkhipitvā yathāsanthatikaṅgasamādānena yathāsanthatiko. Sayanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā nesajjikaṅgasamādānena nesajjiko. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato pana dhutaṅgakathā visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.22 ādayo) vuttanayeneva gahetabbā.

Ucceti uccādiṭṭhāne, uparipāsādatāya vā ucce. Maṇḍalipākāreti maṇḍalākārena pākāraparikkhitte. Daḷhamaṭṭālakoṭṭhaketi thirehi aṭṭālehi dvārakoṭṭhakehi ca samannāgate, nagareti attho.

Satiṃ paññañcāti ettha satisīsena samādhiṃ vadati. Phalasamāpattinirodhasamāpattiyo sandhāya ‘‘satiṃ paññañca bhāvaya’’nti vutto. Sesaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayattā uttānameva.

Evaṃ thero satthu sammukhā sīhanādaṃ nadi. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhū abhippasannā ahesuṃ.

Kāḷigodhāputtabhaddiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Aṅgulimālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Gacchaṃ vadesītiādikā āyasmato aṅgulimālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kosalarañño purohitassa bhaggavassa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa jātadivase sakalanagare āvudhāni pajjaliṃsu, rañño ca maṅgalāvudhaṃ sayanapīṭhe ṭhapitaṃ pajjali, taṃ disvā rājā bhīto saṃviggo niddaṃ na labhi. Purohito tāyaṃ velāyaṃ nakkhattayogaṃ ullokento ‘‘coranakkhattena jāto’’ti sanniṭṭhānamakāsi. So vibhātāya rattiyā rañño santikaṃ gato sukhaseyyaṃ pucchi. Rājā ‘‘kuto, ācariya, sukhaseyyaṃ, rattiyaṃ mayhaṃ maṅgalāvudhaṃ pajjali, tassa ko nu kho vipāko bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Mā bhāyi, mahārāja, mayhaṃ ghare dārako jāto. Tassa ānubhāvena sakalanagarepi āvudhāni pajjaliṃsū’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ bhavissati, ācariyā’’ti? ‘‘Dārako coro bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ ekacārī coro, udāhu gaṇajeṭṭhako’’ti? ‘‘Ekacāriko, deva’’. ‘‘Kiṃ naṃ māremā’’ti? ‘‘Ekacāriko ce, paṭijaggatha tāva na’’nti āha. Tassa nāmaṃ karontā yasmā jāyamāno rañño cittaṃ vihesento jāto, tasmā hiṃsakoti katvā pacchā diṭṭhaṃ adiṭṭhanti viya ahiṃsakoti vohariṃsu.

So vayappatto pubbakammabalena sattannaṃ hatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāreti. Tassidaṃ pubbakammaṃ – buddhasuññe loke kassako hutvā nibbatto ekaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ vassodakena tintaṃ allacīvaraṃ sītapīḷitaṃ attano khettabhūmiṃ upagataṃ disvā ‘‘puññakkhettaṃ me upaṭṭhita’’nti somanassajāto aggiṃ katvā adāsi. So tassa kammassa balena nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne thāmajavabalasampanno ca hutvā imasmiṃ pacchimattabhāve sattannaṃ hatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāreti. So takkasilaṃ gantvā disāpāmokkhassa ācariyassa santike dhammantevāsī hutvā sippaṃ uggaṇhato ācariyabrāhmaṇaṃ tassa bhariyañca sakkaccaṃ paṭijaggati. Tenassa sā brāhmaṇī gehe labbhamānena bhattādinā saṅgahaṃ karoti. Taṃ asahamānā aññe māṇavā ācariyena saddhiṃ bhedaṃ akaṃsu. Brāhmaṇo tesaṃ vacanaṃ dve tayo vāre asaddahanto hutvā pacchā saddahitvā ‘‘mahābalo māṇavo, na sakkā kenaci mārāpetuṃ, upāyena naṃ māressāmī’’ti cintetvā niṭṭhitasippaṃ attano nagaraṃ gantuṃ āpucchantaṃ māṇavaṃ āha – ‘‘tāta ahiṃsaka, niṭṭhitasippena nāma antevāsinā ācariyassa garudakkhiṇā dātabbā, taṃ mayhaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, ācariya, kiṃ dassāmī’’ti? ‘‘Manussānaṃ sahassadakkhiṇahatthaṅgaliyo ānehī’’ti. Brāhmaṇassa kira ayamassa adhippāyo – bahūsu māriyamānesu ekantato eko naṃ māreyyāti . Taṃ sutvā ahiṃsako attano ciraparicitaṃ nikkaruṇataṃ purakkhatvā sannaddhapañcāvudho kosalarañño vijite jālinaṃ vanaṃ pavisitvā mahāmaggasamīpe pabbatantare vasanto pabbatasikhare ṭhatvā maggena gacchante manusse oloketvā vegena gantvā aṅguliyo gahetvā rukkhagge olambesi. Tā gijjhāpi kākāpi khādiṃsu, bhūmiyaṃ nikkhittā pūtibhāvaṃ agamaṃsu. Evaṃ gaṇanāya aparipūramānāya laddhā laddhā aṅguliyo suttena ganthitvā mālaṃ katvā yaññopacitaṃ viya aṃse olambesi. Tato paṭṭhāya aṅgulimālotvevassa samaññā ahosi.

Evaṃ tasmiṃ manusse mārente maggo avaḷañjo ahosi. So magge manusse alabhanto gāmūpacāraṃ gantvā nilīyitvā āgatāgate manusse māretvā aṅguliyo gahetvā gacchati. Taṃ ñatvā manussā gāmato apakkamiṃsu, gāmā suññā ahesuṃ, tathā nigamā janapadā ca. Evaṃ tena so padeso ubbāsito ahosi. Aṅgulimālassa ca ekāya ūnā sahassaaṅguliyo saṅgahā ahesuṃ. Atha manussā taṃ corupaddavaṃ kosalarañño ārocesuṃ. Rājā pātova nagare bheriṃ carāpesi, ‘‘sīghaṃ aṅgulimālacoraṃ gaṇhāma, balakāyo āgacchatū’’ti. Taṃ sutvā aṅgulimālassa mātā mantāṇī nāma brāhmaṇī tassa pitaraṃ āha – ‘‘putto kira te coro hutvā idañcidañca karoti, taṃ ‘īdisaṃ mā karī’ti saññāpetvā ānehi, aññathā naṃ rājā ghāteyyā’’ti. Brāhmaṇo ‘‘na mayhaṃ tādisehi puttehi attho, rājā yaṃ vā taṃ vā karotū’’ti āha . Atha brāhmaṇī puttasinehena pātheyyaṃ gahetvā ‘‘mama puttaṃ saññāpetvā ānessāmī’’ti maggaṃ paṭipajji.

Bhagavā ‘‘ayaṃ ‘aṅgulimālaṃ ānessāmī’ti gacchati, sace sā gamissati, aṅgulimālo ‘aṅgulisahassaṃ pūressāmī’ti mātarampi māressati. So ca pacchimabhaviko, sacāhaṃ na gamissaṃ, mahājāni abhavissā’’ti ñatvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sayameva pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā aṅgulimālaṃ uddissa tiṃsayojanikaṃ maggaṃ padasāva paṭipajjamāno antarāmagge gopālakādīhi vāriyamānopi jālinaṃ vanaṃ upagacchi. Tasmiñca khaṇe tassa mātā tena diṭṭhā, so mātaraṃ dūratova disvā ‘‘mātarampi māretvā ajja ūnaṅguliṃ pūressāmī’’ti asiṃ ukkhipitvā upadhāvi. Tesaṃ ubhinnaṃ antare bhagavā attānaṃ dassesi. Aṅgulimālo bhagavantaṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ me mātaraṃ vadhitvā aṅguliyā gahitena? Jīvatu me mātā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ jīvitā voropetvā aṅguliṃ gaṇheyya’’nti ukkhittāsiko bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi, yathā pakatiiriyāpathena gacchantampi attānaṃ aṅgulimālo sabbathāmena dhāvantopi na sakkoti sampāpuṇituṃ. So parihīnajavo ghurughurupassāsī kacchehi sedaṃ muñcanto padaṃ uddharitumpi asakkonto khāṇu viya ṭhito bhagavantaṃ ‘‘tiṭṭha tiṭṭha, samaṇā’’ti āha. Bhagavā gacchantova ‘‘ṭhito ahaṃ, aṅgulimāla, tvañca tiṭṭhā’’ti āha. So ‘‘ime kho samaṇā sakyaputtiyā saccavādino, ayaṃ samaṇo gacchantoyeva ‘ṭhito ahaṃ, aṅgulimāla, tvañca tiṭṭhā’ti āha, ahañcamhi ṭhito, ko nu kho imassa adhippāyo, pucchitvā naṃ jānissāmī’’ti bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –

866.

‘‘Gacchaṃ vadesi samaṇa ṭhitomhi, mamañca brūsi ṭhitamaṭṭhitoti;

Pucchāmi taṃ samaṇa etamatthaṃ, kathaṃ ṭhito tvaṃ ahamaṭṭhitomhī’’ti.

Tattha samaṇāti bhagavantaṃ ālapati. Mamanti maṃ. Kathanti kenākārena. Ayañhettha attho – samaṇa, tvaṃ gacchantova samāno ‘‘ṭhitomhī’’ti vadesi. Mamañca ṭhitaṃyeva ‘‘aṭṭhito’’ti brūsi, vadesi. Kāraṇenettha bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā taṃ samaṇaṃ ahaṃ evamatthaṃ pucchāmi. Kathaṃ kenākārena tvaṃ ṭhito ahosi, ahañca aṭṭhitomhīti. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā –

867.

‘‘Ṭhito ahaṃ aṅgulimāla sabbadā, sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ;

Tuvañca pāṇesu asaññatosi, tasmā ṭhitohaṃ tuvamaṭṭhitosī’’ti. –

Gāthāya taṃ ajjhabhāsi.

Tattha ṭhito ahaṃ, aṅgulimāla, sabbadā, sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍanti, aṅgulimāla, ahaṃ sabbadā sabbakāle ādimajjhapariyosānesu tasathāvarabhedesu sabbesu sattesu daṇḍaṃ nidhāya nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, tato aññathā avattanato evarūpeneva ṭhito. Tuvañca pāṇesu asaññatosīti tvaṃ pana sattesu saññamarahito asi, luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno, tasmā asaññato virativasena aṭṭhito. Tato eva tāsu tāsu gatīsu paribbhamanatopi tuvaṃ idāni iriyāpathena ṭhitopi aṭṭhito asi, ahaṃ pana vuttappakārena ṭhitoti. Tato aṅgulimālo yathābhuccaguṇappabhāvitassa jalatale telassa viya sakalaṃ lokaṃ abhibyāpetvā ṭhitassa bhagavato kittisaddassa sutapubbattā hetusampattiyā ñāṇassa ca paripākagatattā ‘‘ayaṃ so bhagavā’’ti sañjātapītisomanasso ‘‘mahā ayaṃ sīhanādo, mahantaṃ gajjitaṃ, nayidaṃ aññassa bhavissati, samaṇassa maññe gotamassa etaṃ gajjitaṃ, diṭṭho vatamhi mahesinā sammāsambuddhena, mayhaṃ saṅgahakaraṇatthaṃ bhagavā idhāgato’’ti cintetvā –

868.

‘‘Cirassaṃ vata me mahito mahesī, mahāvanaṃ samaṇo paccapādi;

Sohaṃ cajissāmi sahassapāpaṃ, sutvāna gāthaṃ tava dhammayutta’’nti. –

Imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha cirassaṃ vatāti cirakālena vata. Meti mayhaṃ anuggahatthāya. Mahitoti sadevakena lokena mahatiyā pūjāya pūjito. Mahante sīlakkhandhādiguṇe esi, gavesīti mahesī. Mahāvanaṃ samaṇo paccapādīti imaṃ mahāraññaṃ samitasabbapāpo bhagavā paṭipajji. Sohaṃ cajissāmi sahassapāpaṃ, sutvāna gāthaṃ tava dhammayuttanti sohaṃ dhammayuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ tava gāthaṃ suṇiṃ. Sohaṃ taṃ sutvāna ‘‘cirassampi cirakālenapi saṅgataṃ paricitaṃ pāpasahassaṃ pajahissa’’nti cintetvā idāni naṃ aññadatthu pariccajissāmīti attho. Evaṃ pana vatvā yathā paṭipajji, yathā ca bhagavatā anuggahito, taṃ dassetuṃ –

869.

‘‘Icceva coro asimāvudhañca, sobbhe papāte narake anvakāsi;

Avandi coro sugatassa pāde, tattheva pabbajjamayāci buddhaṃ.

870.

‘‘Buddho ca kho kāruṇiko mahesi, yo satthā lokassa sadevakassa;

Tamehi bhikkhūti tadā avoca, eseva tassa ahu bhikkhubhāvo’’ti.

Saṅgītikārā imā dve gāthā ṭhapesuṃ.

Tattha iccevāti iti eva evaṃ vatvā anantarameva. Coroti aṅgulimālo. Asinti khaggaṃ. Āvudhanti sesāvudhaṃ. Sobbheti samantato chinnataṭe. Papāteti ekato chinnataṭe. Naraketi bhūmiyā phalitavivare. Idha pana tīhipi padehi yattha patitaṃ aññena gahetuṃ na sakkā, tādisaṃ pabbatantarameva vadati. Anvakāsīti anu akāsi, pañcavidhampi attano āvudhaṃ anu khipi chaḍḍesi, tāni chaḍḍetvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā ‘‘pabbājetha maṃ, bhante’’ti āha. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘avandi coro sugatassa pāde, tattheva pabbajjamayāci buddha’’nti. Evaṃ tena pabbajjāya yācitāya satthā tassa purimakammaṃ olokento ehibhikkhubhāvāya hetusampattiṃ disvā dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā – ‘‘ehi, bhikkhu, svākhāto dhammo, cara brahmacariyaṃ, sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti āha. Sā eva ca tassa pabbajjā upasampadā ca ahosi. Tenāha ‘‘tamehi bhikkhūti tadā avoca, eseva tassa ahu bhikkhubhāvo’’ti.

Evaṃ thero satthu santike ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbajjaṃ upasampadañca labhitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ patvā vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento pītisomanassajāto udānavasena –

871.

‘‘Yo ca pubbe pamajjitvā, pacchā so nappamajjati;

Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā.

872.

‘‘Yassa pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, kusalena pidhīyati;

Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā.

873.

‘‘Yo have daharo bhikkhu, yuñjati buddhasāsane;

Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā’’ti. – gāthattayaṃ abhāsi;

Tassattho – yo puggalo gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā kalyāṇamittasaṃsaggato pubbe pāpamittasaṃsaggena vā attano vā paṭisaṅkhānābhāvena pamajjitvā sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ pamādaṃ āpajjitvā , pacchā kalyāṇamittasaṃsaggena yoniso ummujjanto nappamajjati, sammā paṭipajjati, samathavipassanaṃ anuyuñjanto tisso vijjā cha abhiññā pāpuṇāti, so abbhādīhi mutto cando viya okāsalokaṃ attanā adhigatāhi vijjābhiññāhi imaṃ khandhādilokaṃ obhāsetīti.

Yassa puggalassa kataṃ upacitaṃ pāpakammaṃ kammakkhayakarena lokuttarakusalena avipākārahabhāvassa āharitattā vipākuppādane dvārapidhānena pidhīyati thakīyati. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Daharoti taruṇo, tenassa yogakkhamasarīrataṃ dasseti. So hi uppannaṃ vātātapaparissayaṃ abhibhavitvā yogaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti. Yuñjati buddhasāsane sikkhattaye yuttappayutto hoti, sakkaccaṃ sampādetīti attho.

Evaṃ pītisomanassajāto vimuttisukhena viharanto yadā nagaraṃ piṇḍāya pavisati, tadā aññenapi khitto leḍḍu therassa kāye nipatati, aññenapi khitto daṇḍo tasseva kāye nipatati. So bhinnena pattena vihāraṃ pavisitvā satthu santikaṃ gacchati. Satthā taṃ ovadati ‘‘adhivāsehi, tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, adhivāsehi, tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, yassa kho, tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, kammassa vipākena bahūni vassasahassāni niraye pacceyyāsi, tassa, tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, kammassa vipākaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme paṭisaṃvedesī’’ti. Atha thero anodhiso sabbasattesu mettacittaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā –

874.

‘‘Disāpi me dhammakathaṃ suṇantu, disāpi me yuñjantu buddhasāsane;

Disāpi me te manuje bhajantu, ye dhammamevādapayanti santo.

875.

‘‘Disā hi me khantivādānaṃ, avirodhappasaṃsinaṃ;

Suṇantu dhammaṃ kālena, tañca anuvidhīyantu.

876.

‘‘Na hi jātu so mamaṃ hiṃse, aññaṃ vā pana kañci naṃ;

Pappuyya paramaṃ santiṃ, rakkheyya tasathāvare.

877.

‘‘Udakañhi nayanti nettikā, usukārā damayanti tejanaṃ;

Dāruṃ damayanti tacchakā, attānaṃ damayanti paṇḍitā.

878.

‘‘Daṇḍeneke damayanti, aṅkusebhi kasāhi ca;

Adaṇḍena asatthena, ahaṃ dantomhi tādinā.

879.

‘‘Ahiṃsakoti me nāmaṃ, hiṃsakassa pure sato;

Ajjāhaṃ saccanāmomhi, na naṃ hiṃsāmi kañci naṃ.

880.

‘‘Coro ahaṃ pure āsiṃ, aṅgulimāloti vissuto;

Vuyhamāno mahoghena, buddhaṃ saraṇamāgamaṃ.

881.

‘‘Lohitapāṇi pure āsiṃ, aṅgulimāloti vissuto;

Saraṇagamanaṃ passa, bhavanetti samūhatā.

882.

‘‘Tādisaṃ kammaṃ katvāna, bahuṃ duggatigāminaṃ;

Phuṭṭho kammavipākena, anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ.

883.

‘‘Pamādamanuyuñjanti, bālā dummedhino janā;

Appamādañca medhāvī, dhanaṃ seṭṭhaṃva rakkhati.

884.

‘‘Mā pamādamanuyuñjetha, mā kāmaratisanthavaṃ;

Appamatto hi jhāyanto, pappoti paramaṃ sukhaṃ.

885.

‘‘Svāgataṃ nāpagataṃ, netaṃ dummantitaṃ mama;

Savibhattesu dhammesu, yaṃ seṭṭhaṃ tadupāgamaṃ.

886.

‘‘Svāgataṃ nāpagataṃ, netaṃ dummantitaṃ mama;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

887.

‘‘Araññe rukkhamūle vā, pabbatesu guhāsu vā;

Tattha tattheva aṭṭhāsiṃ, ubbiggamanaso tadā.

888.

‘‘Sukhaṃ sayāmi ṭhāyāmi, sukhaṃ kappemi jīvitaṃ;

Ahatthapāso mārassa, aho satthānukampito.

889.

‘‘Brahmajacco pure āsiṃ, udicco ubhato ahu.

Sojja putto sugatassa, dhammarājassa satthuno.

890.

‘‘Vītataṇho anādāno, guttadvāro susaṃvuto;

Aghamūlaṃ vadhitvāna, patto me āsavakkhayo.

891.

‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;

Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha disāpīti mayhaṃ disāpi amittā paccatthikāpi ye maṃ evaṃ upavadanti ‘‘yathā mayaṃ aṅgulimālassa vasena ñātiviyogadukkhaparetā dukkhaṃ pāpuṇāma, evaṃ aṅgulimālopi dukkhaṃ pāpuṇātū’’ti. Me dhammakathaṃ suṇantūti mayā satthu santike sutaṃ catusaccadhammapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ kathaṃ suṇantu . Yuñjantūti sutvā ca tadatthāya paṭipajjantu. Te manuje bhajantūti tādise sappurise kalyāṇamitte bhajantu sevantu. Ye dhammamevādapayanti santoti ye sappurisā kusaladhammameva, uttarimanussadhammameva, nibbattitalokuttaradhammameva ca ādapenti samādapenti gaṇhāpenti.

Khantivādānanti adhivāsanakhantimeva vadantānaṃ tato eva avirodhappasaṃsinanti kenaci avirodhabhūtāya mettāya eva pasaṃsanasīlānaṃ. Suṇantu dhammaṃkālenāti yuttappayuttakāle tesaṃ santike dhammaṃ suṇantu. Tañca anuvidhīyantūti tañca yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ sammadeva uggahitvā anukarontu dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjantūti attho.

Na hi jātu so mamaṃ hiṃseti so mayhaṃ diso paccatthiko jātu, ekaṃseneva maṃ na hiṃse, na bādheyya. Aññaṃ vā pana kañci nanti na kevalaṃ maṃyeva, aññaṃ vāpi kañci sattaṃ na hiṃseyya, pappuyya paramaṃ santinti, paramaṃ uttamaṃ santiṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇeyya, pāpuṇitvā ca rakkheyya tasathāvareti sabbe ca satte paramāya rakkhāya rakkheyya, sissaṃ puttaṃ viya paripāleyyāti attho.

Evaṃ thero imāhi gāthāhi pare pāpato parimocento parittakiriyaṃ nāma katvā attano paṭipattiṃ pakāsento ‘‘udakaṃ hī’’ti gāthamāha. Tattha pathaviyā thalaṭṭhānaṃ khaṇitvā ninnaṭṭhānaṃ pūretvā mātikaṃ vā katvā rukkhadoṇiṃ vā ṭhapetvā attanā icchikicchitaṭṭhānaṃ udakaṃ nentīti nettikā, udakahārino. Tejananti kaṇḍaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – nettikā attano ruciyā udakaṃ nayanti, usukārāpi tāpetvā vaṅkābhāvaṃ harantā tejanaṃ usuṃ damayanti, ujukaṃ karonti, tacchakāpi nemiādīnaṃ atthāya tacchantā dāruṃ damayanti attano ruciyā ujuṃ vā vaṅkaṃ vā karonti. Evaṃ ettakaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā paṇḍitā sappaññā ariyamaggaṃ uppādentā attānaṃ damenti, arahattappattā pana ekantadantā nāma hontīti.

Idāni purisadammasārathinā satthārā attano damitākāraṃ kataññutañca pakāsento ‘‘daṇḍeneke’’tiādikā pañca gāthā abhāsi. Tattha daṇḍeneke damayantīti rājarājamahāmattādayo daṇḍena, hatthiassādinā balakāyena ca paccatthikādike damenti, gopālādayo ca gāvādike daṇḍena yaṭṭhiyā damenti. Hatthācariyā hatthiṃ aṅkusehi, assācariyā asse kasāhi ca damenti. Adaṇḍena asatthena, ahaṃ dantomhi tādināti ahaṃ pana iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvappattena sammāsambuddhena vinā eva daṇḍena, vinā satthena, nihitadaṇḍanihitasatthabhāvena danto damito nibbisevano gato amhi.

Ahiṃsakotime nāmaṃ, hiṃsakassa pure satoti satthārā samāgamato pubbe hiṃsakassa me samānassa ahiṃsakoti nāmamattaṃ ahosi. Ajjāhanti idāni panāhaṃ ‘‘ahiṃsako’’ti saccanāmo avitathanāmo amhi. Tasmā na naṃ hiṃsāmi kañcipi sattaṃ na hiṃsāmi na bādhemi, nanti nipātamattaṃ.

Vissutoti ‘‘pāṇātipātī luddo lohitapāṇī’’tiādinā paññāto. Mahoghenāti kāmoghādinā mahatā oghena, tassa oghassa vicchedakaraṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ buddhasaṅkhātaṃ saraṇaṃ agamaṃ upagacchiṃ.

Lohitapāṇīti pāṇamatipātanena paresaṃ lohitena ruhirena makkhitapāṇi. Saraṇagamanaṃ passāti mahapphalaṃ mama saraṇagamanaṃ passāti attānamevālapati.

Tādisaṃ kammanti anekasatapurisavadhaṃ dāruṇaṃ tathārūpaṃ pāpakammaṃ. Phuṭṭho kammavipākenāti pubbe katassa pāpakammassa vipākena phuṭṭho, sabbaso pahīnakammo vipākamattaṃ paccanubhonto. Atha vā phuṭṭho kammavipākenāti upanissayabhūtassa kusalakammassa phalabhūtena lokuttaramaggena, lokuttarakammasseva vā phalena vimuttisukhena phuṭṭho. Sabbaso kilesānaṃ khīṇattā anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ, bhojanāpadesena cattāropi paccaye vadati.

Idāni pubbe attano pamādavihāraṃ garahāmukhena pacchā appamādapaṭipattiṃ pasaṃsanto tattha ca paresaṃ ussāhaṃ janento ‘‘pamādamanuyuñjantī’’tiādikā gāthā abhāsi. Tattha bālāti bālyena samannāgatā idhalokaparalokatthaṃ ajānantā. Dummedhinoti nippaññā, te pamāde ādīnavaṃ apassantā pamādaṃ anuyuñjanti pavattenti, pamādeneva kālaṃ vītināmenti. Medhāvīti dhammojapaññāya samannāgato pana paṇḍito kulavaṃsāgataṃ seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ sattaratanadhanaṃ viya appamādaṃ rakkhati. Yathā hi ‘‘uttamaṃ dhanaṃ nissāya bhogasampattiṃ pāpuṇissāma, puttadāraṃ posessāma, sugatimaggaṃ sodhessāmā’’ti dhane ānisaṃsaṃ passantā dhanaṃ rakkhanti; evaṃ paṇḍitopi ‘‘appamādaṃ nissāya paṭhamajjhānādīni paṭilabhissāmi , maggaphalāni pāpuṇissāmi, tisso vijjā cha abhiññā sampādessāmī’’ti appamāde ānisaṃsaṃ passanto dhanaṃ seṭṭhaṃva appamādaṃ rakkhatīti attho.

Mā pamādanti pamādaṃ mā anuyuñjetha pamādena kālaṃ mā vītināmayittha. Kāmaratisanthavanti vatthukāmesu, kilesakāmesu ca ratisaṅkhātaṃ taṇhāsanthavampi mā anuyuñjetha mā vindittha mā paṭilabhittha. Appamatto hīti upaṭṭhitasatitāya appamatto puggalo jhāyanto jhāyanappasuto paramaṃ uttamaṃ nibbānasukhaṃ pāpuṇāti.

Svāgataṃ nāpagatanti yaṃ tadā mama satthu santike āgataṃ āgamanaṃ, satthu vā tasmiṃ mahāvane āgamanaṃ, taṃ svāgataṃ svāgamanaṃ nāpagataṃ, atthato apetaṃ vigataṃ na hoti. Netaṃ dummantitaṃ mamāti yaṃ tadā mayā ‘‘satthu santike pabbajissāmī’’ti mantitaṃ, idampi mama na dummantitaṃ, sumantitameva. Kasmā? Savibhattesu dhammesūti sāvajjānavajjādivasena pakārato vibhattesu dhammesu yaṃ seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ pavaraṃ nibbānaṃ. Tadupāgamaṃ tadeva upagacchinti attho.

‘‘Tadā puthujjanakāle payogāsayavipannatāya araññādīsu dukkhaṃ vihāsiṃ, idāni payogāsayasampannatāya tattha sukhaṃ viharāmī’’ti sukhavihārabhāvañceva ‘‘pubbe jātimattena brāhmaṇo, idāni satthu orasaputtatāya brāhmaṇo’’ti paramatthabrāhmaṇabhāvañca dassento ‘‘araññe’’tiādimāha. Tattha sukhaṃ sayāmīti sayantopi sukhaṃ sukhena nidukkhena cittutrāsādīnaṃ abhāvena cetodukkharahito sayāmi. Ṭhāyāmīti ṭhāmi . Ahatthapāso mārassāti kilesamārādīnaṃ agocaro. Aho satthānukampitoti satthārānukampito aho.

Brahmajaccoti brāhmaṇajātiko. Udicco ubhatoti mātito ca pitito ca ubhato udito saṃsuddhagahaṇiko. Sesaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayameva.

Aṅgulimālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

9. Anuruddhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pahāyamātāpitarotiādikā āyasmato anuruddhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanno kuṭumbiko hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā satasahassabhikkhuparivārassa bhagavato sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā sattame divase bhagavato, bhikkhusaṅghassa ca uttamāni vatthāni datvā paṇidhānamakāsi. Satthāpissa anantarāyena samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Sopi tattha puññāni karonto satthari parinibbute niṭṭhite sattayojanike suvaṇṇacetiye anekasahassehi dīparukkhehi dīpakapallikāhi ca ‘‘dibbacakkhuñāṇassa upanissayapaccayo hotū’’ti uḷāraṃ dīpapūjaṃ akāsi.

Evaṃ yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kuṭumbikagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute niṭṭhite yojanike kanakathūpe bahū kaṃsapātiyo kāretvā sappimaṇḍassa pūretvā majjhe ekekaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ ṭhapetvā mukhavaṭṭiyā mukhavaṭṭiṃ phusāpento cetiyaṃ parikkhipāpetvā attanā ekaṃ mahatiṃ kaṃsapātiṃ kāretvā sappimaṇḍassa pūretvā sahassavaṭṭiyo jālāpetvā sīse ṭhapetvā sabbarattiṃ cetiyaṃ anupariyāyi.

Evaṃ tasmimpi attabhāve yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto anuppanne buddhe bārāṇasiyaṃyeva duggatakule nibbatti, annabhārotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So sumanaseṭṭhissa nāma gehe kammaṃ karonto jīvati. So ekadivasaṃ upariṭṭhaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya gandhamādanapabbatato ākāsenāgantvā bārāṇasīnagaradvāre otaritvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā nagare piṇḍāya pavisantaṃ disvā pasannacitto pattaṃ gahetvā attano atthāya ṭhapitaṃ ekaṃ bhāgabhattaṃ patte pakkhipitvā paccekabuddhassa dātukāmo ārabhi. Bhariyāpissa attano bhāgabhattaṃ tattheva pakkhipi. So taṃ netvā paccekabuddhassa hatthe ṭhapesi. Paccekabuddho taṃ gahetvā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Taṃ disvā rattiṃ sumanaseṭṭhissa chatte adhivatthā devatā ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ, upariṭṭhe, suppatiṭṭhita’’nti mahāsaddena anumodi. Taṃ sutvā sumanaseṭṭhi ‘‘evaṃ devatāya anumoditaṃ idameva uttamadāna’’nti cintetvā tattha pattiṃ yāci. Annabhāro pana tassa pattiṃ adāsi. Tena pasannacitto sumanaseṭṭhi tassa sahassaṃ datvā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya tuyhaṃ sahatthena kammakaraṇakiccaṃ natthi, patirūpaṃ gehaṃ katvā niccaṃ vasāhī’’ti āha.

Yasmā nirodhato vuṭṭhitassa paccekabuddhassa dinnapiṇḍapāto taṃdivasameva uḷārataravipāko hoti, tasmā taṃdivasaṃ sumanaseṭṭhi rañño santikaṃ gacchanto taṃ gahetvā agamāsi. Rājā pana taṃ ādaravasena olokesi. Seṭṭhi ‘‘mahārāja, ayaṃ oloketabbayuttoyevā’’ti vatvā tadā tena katapuññaṃ attanāpissa sahassaṃ dinnabhāvaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā rājā tussitvā sahassaṃ datvā asukasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne gehaṃ katvā vasā’’ti gehaṭṭhānamassa āṇāpesi. Tassa taṃ ṭhānaṃ sodhāpentassa mahantiyo nidhikumbhiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu. Tā disvā so rañño ārocesi. Rājā sabbaṃ dhanaṃ uddharāpetvā rāsikataṃ disvā ‘‘ettakaṃ dhanaṃ imasmiṃ nagare kassa gehe atthī’’ti? ‘‘Na kassaci, devā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi ayaṃ annabhāro imasmiṃ nagare mahādhanaseṭṭhi nāma hotū’’ti taṃdivasameva tassa seṭṭhichattaṃ ussāpesi.

So tato paṭṭhāya yāvajīvaṃ kusalakammaṃ katvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare sukkodanasakkassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi, anuruddhotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So mahānāmassa sakkassa kaniṭṭhabhātā, satthu cūḷapitu putto paramasukhumālo mahāpuñño tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavikesu tīsu pāsādesu alaṅkatanāṭakitthīhi parivuto devo viya sampattiṃ anubhavanto suddhodanamahārājena ussāhitehi sakyarājūhi satthu parivāratthaṃ pesitehi bhaddiyakumārādīhi anupiyambavane viharantaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu santike pabbajitvā antovasseyeva dibbacakkhuṃ nibbattetvā, puna dhammasenāpatissa santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā cetiyaraṭṭhe pācīnavaṃsadāyaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto sattamahāpurisavitakke vitakketvā aṭṭhamaṃ jānituṃ nāsakkhi. Tassa taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā satthā aṭṭhamaṃ mahāpurisavitakkaṃ kathetvā catupaccayasantosabhāvanārāmapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahāariyavaṃsapaṭipadaṃ deseti. So desanānusārena vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā abhiññāpaṭisambhidāparivāraṃ arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.421-433) –

‘‘Sumedhaṃ bhagavantāhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Vūpakaṭṭhaṃ viharantaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, sumedhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, buddhaseṭṭhamayācahaṃ.

‘‘Anukampa mahāvīra, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Padīpaṃ te padassāmi, rukkhamūlamhi jhāyato.

‘‘Adhivāsesi so dhīro, sayambhū vadataṃ varo;

Dumesu vinivijjhitvā, yantaṃ yojiyahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Sahassavaṭṭiṃ pādāsiṃ, buddhassa lokabandhuno;

Sattāhaṃ pajjalitvāna, dīpā vūpasamiṃsu me.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, vimānamupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Upapannassa devattaṃ, byamhaṃ āsi sunimmitaṃ;

Samantato pajjalati, dīpadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Samantā yojanasataṃ, virocesimahaṃ tadā;

Sabbe deve abhibhomi, dīpadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Tiṃsakappāni devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Na maṃ kecītimaññanti, dīpadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhavīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;

Divā rattiñca passāmi, samantā yojanaṃ tadā.

‘‘Sahassalokaṃ ñāṇena, passāmi satthu sāsane;

Dibbacakkhumanuppatto, dīpadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, tiṃsakappasahassito;

Tassa dīpo mayā dinno, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha naṃ satthā aparabhāge jetavanamahāvihāre ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ yadidaṃ anuruddho’’ti (a. ni. 1.180, 192).

So vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedī viharanto ekadivasaṃ attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassajāto udānavasena ‘‘pahāya mātāpitaro’’tiādikā gāthā abhāsi. Keci pana ‘‘therassa pabbajjaṃ arahattappattiñca pakāsentehi saṅgītikārehi ādito catasso gāthā bhāsitā. Tato parā therassa ariyavaṃsapaṭipattiyā ārādhitacittena bhagavatā bhāsitā. Itarā sabbāpi tena tena kāraṇena thereneva bhāsitā’’ti vadanti. Iti sabbathāpi imā gāthā therena bhāsitāpi, theraṃ uddissa bhāsitāpi therassa cetā gāthāti veditabbā. Seyyathidaṃ –

892.

‘‘Pahāya mātāpitaro, bhaginī ñātibhātaro;

Pañca kāmaguṇe hitvā, anuruddhova jhāyati.

893.

‘‘Sameto naccagītehi, sammatāḷappabodhano;

Na tena suddhimajjhagaṃ, mārassa visaye rato.

894.

‘‘Etañca samatikkamma, rato buddhassa sāsane;

Sabboghaṃ samatikkamma, anuruddhova jhāyati.

895.

‘‘Rūpā saddā rasā gandhā, phoṭṭhabbā ca manoramā;

Ete ca samatikkamma, anuruddhova jhāyati.

896.

‘‘Piṇḍapātamatikkanto, eko adutiyo muni;

Esati paṃsukūlāni anuruddho anāsavo.

897.

‘‘Vicinī aggahī dhovi, rajayī dhārayī muni;

Paṃsukūlāni matimā, anuruddho anāsavo.

898.

‘‘Mahiccho ca asantuṭṭho, saṃsaṭṭho yo ca uddhato;

Tassa dhammā ime honti, pāpakā saṃkilesikā.

899.

‘‘Sato ca hoti appiccho, santuṭṭho avighātavā;

Pavivekarato vitto, niccamāraddhavīriyo.

900.

‘‘Tassa dhammā ime honti, kusalā bodhipakkhikā;

Anāsavo ca so hoti, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.

901.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke anuttaro;

Manomayena kāyena, iddhiyā upasaṅkami.

902.

‘‘Yadā me ahu saṅkappo, tato uttari desayi;

Nippapañcarato buddho, nippapañcamadesayi.

903.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ dhammamaññāya, vihāsiṃ sāsane rato;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

904.

‘‘Pañcapaññāsavassāni, yato nesajjiko ahaṃ;

Pañcavīsativassāni, yato middhaṃ samūhataṃ.

905.

‘‘Nāhu assāsapassāsā, ṭhitacittassa tādino;

Anejo santimārabbha, cakkhumā parinibbuto.

906.

‘‘Asallīnena cittena, vedanaṃ ajjhavāsayi;

Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho cetaso ahu.

907.

‘‘Ete pacchimakā dāni, munino phassapañcamā;

Nāññe dhammā bhavissanti, sambuddhe parinibbute.

908.

‘‘Natthi dāni punāvāso, devakāyasmi jālini;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo.

909.

‘‘Yassa muhuttena sahassadhā, loko saṃvidito sabrahmakappo;

Vasī iddhiguṇe cutūpapāte, kāle passati devatā sa bhikkhu.

910.

‘‘Annabhāro pure āsiṃ, daliddo ghāsahārako;

Samaṇaṃ paṭipādesiṃ, upariṭṭhaṃ yasassinaṃ.

911.

‘‘Somhi sakyakule jāto, anuruddhoti maṃ vidū;

Upeto naccagītehi, sammatāḷappabodhano.

912.

‘‘Athaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, satthāraṃ akutobhayaṃ;

Tasmiṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

913.

‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, yattha me vusitaṃ pure;

Tāvatiṃsesu devesu, aṭṭhāsiṃ sakkajātiyā.

914.

‘‘Sattakkhattuṃ manussindo, ahaṃ rajjamakārayiṃ;

Cāturanto vijitāvī, jambusaṇḍassa issaro;

Adaṇḍena asatthena, dhammena anusāsayiṃ.

915.

‘‘Ito satta tato satta, saṃsārāni catuddasa;

Nivāsamabhijānissaṃ, devaloke ṭhito tadā.

916.

‘‘Pañcaṅgike samādhimhi, sante ekodibhāvite;

Paṭippassaddhiladdhamhi, dibbacakkhu visujjhi me.

917.

‘‘Cutūpapātaṃ jānāmi, sattānaṃ āgatiṃ gatiṃ;

Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, jhāne pañcaṅgike ṭhito.

918.

‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā…pe… bhavanetti samūhatā.

919.

‘‘Vajjīnaṃ veḷuvagāme, ahaṃ jīvitasaṅkhayā;

Heṭṭhato veḷugumbasmiṃ, nibbāyissaṃ anāsavo’’ti.

Tattha pahāyāti pajahitvā. Mātāpitaroti mātarañca pitarañca. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – yathā aññe keci ñātipārijuññena vā bhogapārijuññena vā abhibhūtā pabbajanti, pabbajitā ca kiccantarapasutā viharanti, na evaṃ mayaṃ. Mayaṃ pana mahantaṃ ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ, mahantañca bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya kāmesu nirapekkhā pabbajitāti. Jhāyatīti ārammaṇūpanijjhānaṃ lakkhaṇūpanijjhānañcāti, duvidhampi jhānaṃ anuyutto viharati.

Sameto naccagītehīti naccehi ca gītehi ca samaṅgībhūto, naccāni passanto gītāni suṇantoti attho. ‘‘Sammato’’ti ca paṭhanti, naccagītehi pūjitoti attho. Sammatāḷappabodhanoti sammatāḷasaddehi paccūsakāle pabodhetabbo. Na tena suddhimajjhaganti tena kāmabhogena saṃsārasuddhiṃ nādhigacchiṃ. Mārassa visaye ratoti kilesamārassa visayabhūte kāmaguṇe rato. ‘‘Kilesamārassa visayabhūtena kāmaguṇabhogena saṃsārasuddhi hotī’’ti evaṃdiṭṭhiko ahutvāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘etañca samatikkammā’’tiādi. Tattha etanti etaṃ pañcavidhampi kāmaguṇaṃ. Samatikkammāti samatikkamitvā, anapekkho chaḍḍetvāti attho. Sabboghanti kāmoghādikaṃ sabbampi oghaṃ.

Pañca kāmaguṇe sarūpato dassetuṃ ‘‘rūpā saddā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha manoramāti lobhanīyaṭṭhena manaṃ ramayantīti manoramā, manāpiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Yathāha ‘‘katame pañca manāpiyā rūpā, manāpiyā saddā’’tiādi (ma. ni. 3.328 atthato samānaṃ).

Piṇḍapātamatikkantoti piṇḍapātaggahaṇaṃ atikkanto, piṇḍapātaggahaṇato nivattentoti attho. Ekoti ekākī apacchāsamaṇo. Adutiyoti nittaṇho. Taṇhā hi purisassa dutiyo nāma. Yathāha ‘‘taṇhādutiyo puriso’’ti (itivu. 15, 105; mahāni. 191). Esatīti pariyesati.

Vicinīti esantova tattha tattha saṅkārakūṭādike paṃsukūluppattiṭṭhāne vicini. Aggahīti vicinitvā asucimakkhitampi ajigucchanto gaṇhi. Dhovīti, vikkhālesi. Rajayīti dhovitvā gahitaṃ sibbitvā kappiyarajanena rajayi. Dhārayīti rajitvā kappabinduṃ datvā dhāresi, nivāsesi ceva pārupi ca.

Idāni pācīnavaṃsadāye satthārā dinnaovādaṃ tassa ca attanā matthakappattabhāvaṃ dīpento ‘‘mahiccho ca asantuṭṭho’’tiādikā gāthā abhāsi. Tattha mahicchoti mahatiyā paccayicchāya samannāgato, uḷāruḷāre bahū ca paccaye icchantoti attho. Asantuṭṭhoti nissantuṭṭho, yathālābhasantosādinā santosena virahito. Saṃsaṭṭhoti gihīhi ceva pabbajitehi ca ananulomikena saṃsaggena saṃsaṭṭho. Uddhatoti ukkhitto. Tassāti ‘‘mahiccho’’tiādinā vuttapuggalassa. Dhammāti mahicchatā asantoso, saṃsaṭṭhatā vikkhepoti īdisā. Lāmakaṭṭhena pāpakā. Saṃkilesikāti tassa cittassa malīnabhāvakaraṇato saṃkilesikā dhammā honti.

Satoca hoti appicchoti yadā panāyaṃ puggalo kalyāṇamitte sevanto bhajanto payirupāsanto saddhammaṃ suṇanto yoniso manasi karonto satimā ca mahicchataṃ pahāya appiccho ca hoti. Asantosaṃ pahāya santuṭṭho, cittassa vighātakaraṃ vikkhepaṃ pahāya avighātavā avikkhitto samāhito, gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya pavivekarato, vivekābhiratiyā nibbidāya dhammapītiyā vitto sumano tuṭṭhacitto, sabbaso kosajjapahānena āraddhavīriyo.

Tassa evaṃ appicchatādiguṇasamannāgatassa ime satipaṭṭhānādayo sattatiṃsappabhedā tividhavipassanāsaṅgahā kosallasambhūtaṭṭhena kusalā, maggapariyāpannā bodhipakkhikā dhammā honti. So tehi samannāgato sabbaso āsavānaṃ khepanena aggamaggakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya anāsavo ca hoti. Iti evaṃ vuttaṃ mahesinā sammāsambuddhena pācīnavaṃsadāye mahāpurisavitakke matthakaṃ pāpanavasenāti adhippāyo.

Mamasaṅkappamaññāyāti ‘‘apicchassāyaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo mahicchassā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.30) mahāpurisavitakkavasena āraddhaṃ, te ca matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ asamatthabhāvena ṭhitaṃ mama saṅkappaṃ jānitvā. Manomayenāti manomayena viya, manasā nimmitasadisena pariṇāmitenāti attho. Iddhiyāti ‘‘ayaṃ kāyo idaṃ cittaṃ viya hotū’’ti evaṃ pavattaadhiṭṭhāniddhiyā.

Yadāme ahu saṅkappoti yasmiṃ kāle mayhaṃ ‘‘kīdiso nu kho aṭṭhamo mahāpurisavitakko’’ti parivitakko ahosi. Tato mama saṅkappamaññāya iddhiyā upasaṅkamīti yojanā. Uttari desayīti ‘‘nippapañcārāmassāyaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammo nippapañcaratino, nāyaṃdhammo papañcārāmassa papañcaratino’’ti (a. ni. 8.30) imamaṭṭhamaṃ mahāpurisavitakkaṃ pūrento upari desayi. Taṃ pana desitaṃ dhammaṃ desento āha ‘‘nippapañcarato buddho, nippapañcamadesayī’’ti. Papañcā nāma rāgādayo kilesā, tesaṃ vūpasamatāya, tadabhāvato ca lokuttaradhammā nippapañcā nāma. Tasmiṃ nippapañce rato abhirato sammāsambuddho yathā taṃ pāpuṇāmi, tathā tādisaṃ dhammaṃ adesayi, sāmukkaṃsikaṃ catusaccadhammadesanaṃ pakāsayīti attho.

Tassāhaṃ dhammamaññāyāti tassā satthu desanāya dhammaṃ jānitvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjanto vihāsiṃ sikkhattayasaṅgahe sāsane rato abhirato hutvāti attho.

Satthārā attano samāgamaṃ tena sādhitamatthaṃ dassetvā idāni attano pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya āraddhavīriyataṃ, kāye anapekkhatāya seyyasukhapassasukhānaṃ pariccāgaṃ, appamiddhakālato paṭṭhāya āraddhavīriyatañca dassento ‘‘pañcapaññāsavassānī’’ti gāthamāha. Tattha yato nesajjiko ahanti yato paṭṭhāya ‘‘yogānukūlatā kammaṭṭhānapariyuṭṭhitasappurisacariyā sallekhavuttī’’ti evamādiguṇe disvā nesajjiko ahosiṃ tāni pañcapaññāsa vassāni. Yato middhaṃ samūhatanti yato paṭṭhāya mayā niddā pariccattā tāni pañcavīsativassāni. ‘‘Therassa pañcapaññāsāya vassesu nesajjikassa sato ādito pañcavīsativassāni niddā nāhosi, tato paraṃ sarīrakilamathena pacchimayāme niddā ahosī’’ti vadanti.

‘‘Nāhu assāsapassāsā’’ tiādikā tisso gāthā satthu parinibbānakāle bhikkhūhi ‘‘kiṃ bhagavā parinibbuto’’ti puṭṭho parinibbānabhāvaṃ pavedento āha. Tattha nāhu assāsapassāsā, ṭhitacittassa tādinoti anulomapaṭilomato anekākāravokārā sabbā samāpattiyo samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya sabbapacchā catutthajjhāne ṭhitacittassa tādino buddhassa bhagavato assāsapassāsā nāhu nāhesunti attho. Etena yasmā catutthajjhānaṃ samāpannassa kāyasaṅkhārā nirujjhanti. Kāyasaṅkhārāti ca assāsapassāsā vuccanti, tasmā catutthajjhānakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya assāsapassāsā nāhesunti dasseti. Taṇhāsaṅkhātāya ejāya abhāvato anejo, samādhismiṃ ṭhitattā vā anejo. Santimārabbhāti anupādisesaṃ nibbānaṃ ārabbha paṭicca sandhāya. Cakkhumāti pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumā. Parinibbutoti parinibbāyi. Ayañhettha attho – nibbānārammaṇacatutthajjhānaphalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā tadanantarameva anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbutoti.

Asallīnenāti alīnena asaṃkuṭitena suvikasiteneva cittena. Vedanaṃ ajjhavāsayīti sato sampajāno hutvā māraṇantikaṃ vedanaṃ adhivāsesi, na vedanānuvattī hutvā ito cito ca samparivatti. Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho cetaso ahūti yathā telañca paṭicca, vaṭṭiñca paṭicca pajjalanto pajjoto padīpo tesaṃ parikkhaye nibbāyati. Nibbuto ca katthaci gantvā na tiṭṭhati, aññadatthu antaradhāyati, adassanameva gacchati; evaṃ kilesābhisaṅkhāre nissāya pavattamāno khandhasantāno tesaṃ parikkhaye nibbāyati, nibbuto ca katthaci gantvā na tiṭṭhati, aññadatthu antaradhāyati, adassanameva gacchatīti dasseti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘nibbanti dhīrā yathāyaṃ padīpo’’ti (khu. pā. 6.15), ‘‘accī yathā vātavegena khittā’’ti (su. ni. 1080) ca ādi.

Eteti parinibbānakkhaṇe satthu santāne pavattamānānaṃ dhammānaṃ attano paccakkhatāya vuttaṃ. Pacchimakā tato paraṃ cittuppādābhāvato. Dānīti etarahi. Phassapañcamāti phassapañcamakānaṃ dhammānaṃ pākaṭabhāvato vuttaṃ. Tathā hi cittuppādakathāyampi phassapañcamakāva ādito vuttā. Aññe dhammāti saha nissayena aññe cittacetasikā dhammā, na parinibbānacittacetasikā. Nanu tepi na bhavissantevāti? Saccaṃ na bhavissanti, āsaṅkābhāvato pana te sandhāya ‘‘na bhavissantī’’ti na vattabbameva. ‘‘Itare pana sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ viya bhavissanti nu kho’’ti siyā āsaṅkāti tadāsaṅkānivattanatthaṃ ‘‘nāññe dhammā bhavissantī’’ti vuttaṃ.

Natthidāni punāvāso, devakāyasmi jālinīti, ettha jālinīti devataṃ ālapati, devate devakāyasmiṃ devasamūhe upapajjanavasena puna āvāso āvasanaṃ idāni mayhaṃ natthīti attho. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘vikkhīṇo’’tiādinā. Sā kira devatā purimattabhāve therassa pādaparicārikā, tasmā idāni theraṃ jiṇṇaṃ vuddhaṃ disvā purimasinehena āgantvā ‘‘tattha cittaṃ paṇidhehi, yattha te vusitaṃ pure’’ti devūpapattiṃ yāci. Atha ‘‘dāni natthī’’tiādinā thero tassā paṭivacanaṃ adāsi. Taṃ sutvā devatā vihatāsā tatthevantaradhāyi.

Atha thero vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā attano ānubhāvaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ pakāsento ‘‘yassa muhuttenā’’ti gāthamāha. Tassattho – yassa khīṇāsavabhikkhuno muhuttamattena eva sahassadhā sahassappakāro tisahassimahāsahassipabhedo, loko sabrahmakappo sahabrahmaloko, saṃvidito sammadeva vidito ñāto paccakkhaṃ kato, evaṃ iddhiguṇe iddhisampadāya cutūpapāte ca vasībhāvappatto so bhikkhu upagatakāle devatā passati, na tassa devatānaṃ dassane parihānīti. Therena kira jāliniyā devatāya paṭivacanadānavasena ‘‘natthi dānī’’ti gāthāya vuttāya bhikkhū jāliniṃ apassantā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho thero dhammālapanavasena kiñci ālapatī’’ti cintesuṃ. Tesaṃ cittācāraṃ ñatvā thero ‘‘yassa muhuttenā’’ti imaṃ gāthamāha.

Annabhāro pureti evaṃnāmo purimattabhāve. Ghāsahārakoti ghāsamattassa atthāya bhattiṃ katvā jīvanako. Samaṇanti samitapāpaṃ. Paṭipādesinti paṭimukho hutvā pādāsiṃ, pasādena abhimukho hutvā āhāradānaṃ adāsinti adhippāyo. Upariṭṭhanti evaṃnāmakaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ. Yasassinanti kittimantaṃ patthaṭayasaṃ. Imāya gāthāya yāva carimattabhāvā uḷārasampattihetubhūtaṃ attano pubbakammaṃ dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘somhi sakyakule jāto’’tiādi.

Itosattāti ito manussalokato cavitvā devaloke dibbena ādhipaccena satta. Tato sattāti tato devalokato cavitvā manussaloke cakkavattibhāvena satta. Saṃsārāni catuddasāti catuddasa bhavantarasaṃsaraṇāni. Nivāsamabhijānissanti pubbenivāsaṃ aññāsiṃ. Devaloke ṭhito tadāti tañca kho na imasmiṃyeva attabhāve, api ca kho yadā ito anantarātīte attabhāve devaloke ṭhito, tadā aññāsinti attho.

Idāni attanā dibbacakkhuñāṇacutūpapātañāṇānaṃ adhigatākāraṃ dassento ‘‘pañcaṅgike’’tiādinā dve gāthā abhāsi. Tattha pañcaṅgike samādhimhīti abhiññāpādakacatutthajjhānasamādhimhi. So hi pītipharaṇatā, sukhapharaṇatā, cetopharaṇatā, ālokapharaṇatā , paccavekkhaṇanimittanti imehi pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgatattā pañcaṅgiko samādhīti vuccati. Santeti paṭipakkhavūpasamena aṅgasantatāya ca sante. Ekodibhāviteti ekodibhāvagate, suciṇṇe vasībhāvappatteti attho. Paṭippassaddhiladdhamhīti kilesānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā laddhe. Dibbacakkhu visujjhi meti evaṃvidhe samādhimhi sampādite mayhaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ visujjhi, ekādasahi upakkilesehi vimuttiyā visuddhaṃ ahosi.

Cutūpapātaṃ jānāmīti sattānaṃ cutiñca upapattiñca jānāmi, jānanto ca ‘‘ime sattā amumhā lokamhā āgantvā idhūpapannā, imamhā ca lokā gantvā amumhi loke upapajjissantī’’ti sattānaṃ āgatiṃ gatiñca jānāmi, jānanto eva ca nesaṃ itthabhāvaṃ manussabhāvaṃ tato aññathābhāvaṃ aññathātiracchānabhāvañca upapattito puretarameva jānāmi. Tayidaṃ sabbampi pañcaṅgike samādhimhi sampādite evāti dassento āha ‘‘jhāne pañcaṅgike ṭhito’’ti. Tattha pañcaṅgike jhāne ṭhito patiṭṭhito hutvā evaṃ jānāmīti attho.

Evaṃ vijjāttayaṃ dassetvā tappasaṅgena pubbe dassitampi tatiyavijjaṃ saha kiccanipphattiyā dassento ‘‘pariciṇṇo mayā satthā’’tiādinā gāthādvayamāha. Tattha vajjīnaṃ veḷuvagāmeti vajjiraṭṭhassa veḷuvagāme, vajjiraṭṭhe yattha pacchimavassaṃ upagacchi veḷuvagāme. Heṭṭhato veḷugumbasminti tattha aññatarassa veḷugumbassa heṭṭhā. Nibbāyissanti nibbāyissāmi, anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyissāmīti attho.

Anuruddhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

10. Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Samaṇassaahu cintātiādikā āyasmato pārāpariyattherassa gāthā. Imassa vatthu heṭṭhā āgatameva. Tā ca gāthā satthari dharante attano puthujjanakāle manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ niggaṇhanacintāya pakāsanavasena bhāsitā. Imā pana aparabhāge satthari parinibbute attano ca parinibbāne upaṭṭhite tadā āyatiñca bhikkhūnaṃ uddhammapaṭipattiyā pakāsanavasena bhāsitā. Tattha –

920.

‘‘Samaṇassa ahu cintā, pupphitamhi mahāvane;

Ekaggassa nisinnassa, pavivittassa jhāyino’’ti. –

Ayaṃ gāthā saṅgītikārehi ṭhapitā. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttanayova. Ayaṃ pana sambandho – satthari aggasāvakesu ekaccesu mahātheresu ca parinibbutesu atītasatthuke pāvacane subbacesu sikkhākāmesu bhikkhūsu dullabhesu, dubbacesu micchāpaṭipattibahulesu bhikkhūsu ca jātesu supupphite mahante sālavane nisinnassa pavivittassa ekaggassa jhāyanasīlassa, samitapāpatāya samaṇassa, pārāpariyattherassa paṭipattiṃ nissāya cintā vīmaṃsā ahosīti itarā –

921.

‘‘Aññathā lokanāthamhi, tiṭṭhante purisuttame;

Iriyaṃ āsi bhikkhūnaṃ, aññathā dāni dissati.

922.

‘‘Sītavātaparittāṇaṃ, hirikopīnachādanaṃ;

Mattaṭṭhiyaṃ abhuñjiṃsu, santuṭṭhā itarītare.

923.

‘‘Paṇītaṃ yadi vā lūkhaṃ, appaṃ vā yadi vā bahuṃ;

Yāpanatthaṃ abhuñjiṃsu, agiddhā nādhimucchitā.

924.

‘‘Jīvitānaṃ parikkhāre, bhesajje atha paccaye;

Na bāḷhaṃ ussukā āsuṃ, yathā te āsavakkhaye.

925.

‘‘Araññe rukkhamūlesu, kandarāsu guhāsu ca;

Vivekamanubrūhantā, vihaṃsu tapparāyaṇā.

926.

‘‘Nīcā niviṭṭhā subharā, mudū athaddhamānasā;

Abyāsekā amukharā, atthacintāvasānugā.

927.

‘‘Tato pāsādikaṃ āsi, gataṃ bhuttaṃ nisevitaṃ;

Siniddhā teladhārāva, ahosi iriyāpatho.

928.

‘‘Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇā , mahājhāyī mahāhitā;

Nibbutā dāni te therā, parittā dāni tādisā.

929.

‘‘Kusalānañca dhammānaṃ, paññāya ca parikkhayā;

Sabbākāravarūpetaṃ, lujjate jinasāsanaṃ.

930.

‘‘Pāpakānañca dhammānaṃ, kilesānañca yo utu;

Upaṭṭhitā vivekāya, ye ca saddhammasesakā.

931.

‘‘Te kilesā pavaḍḍhantā, āvisanti bahuṃ janaṃ;

Kīḷanti maññe bālehi, ummattehiva rakkhasā.

932.

‘‘Kilesehābhibhūtā te, tena tena vidhāvitā;

Narā kilesavatthūsu, sasaṅgāmeva ghosite.

933.

‘‘Pariccajitvā saddhammaṃ, aññamaññehi bhaṇḍare;

Diṭṭhigatāni anventā, idaṃ seyyoti maññare.

934.

‘‘Dhanañca puttaṃ bhariyañca, chaḍḍayitvāna niggatā;

Kaṭacchubhikkhahetūpi, akicchāni nisevare.

935.

‘‘Udarāvadehakaṃ bhutvā, sayantuttānaseyyakā;

Kathā vaḍḍhenti paṭibuddhā, yā kathā satthugarahitā.

936.

‘‘Sabbakārukasippāni, cittiṃ katvāna sikkhare;

Avūpasantā ajjhattaṃ, sāmaññatthotiacchati.

937.

‘‘Mattikaṃ telacuṇṇañca, udakāsanabhojanaṃ;

Gihīnaṃ upanāmenti, ākaṅkhantā bahuttaraṃ.

938.

‘‘Dantaponaṃ kapitthañca, pupphaṃ khādaniyāni ca;

Piṇḍapāte ca sampanne, ambe āmalakāni ca.

939.

‘‘Bhesajjesu yathā vejjā, kiccākicce yathā gihī;

Gaṇikāva vibhūsāyaṃ, issare khattiyā yathā.

940.

‘‘Nekatikā vañcanikā, kūṭasakkhī apāṭukā;

Bahūhi parikappehi, āmisaṃ paribhuñjare.

941.

‘‘Lesakappe pariyāye, parikappenudhāvitā;

Jīvikatthā upāyena, saṅkaḍḍhanti bahuṃ dhanaṃ.

942.

‘‘Upaṭṭhāpenti parisaṃ, kammato no ca dhammato;

Dhammaṃ paresaṃ desenti, lābhato no ca atthato.

943.

‘‘Saṅghalābhassa bhaṇḍanti, saṅghato paribāhirā;

Paralābhopajīvantā, ahirīkā na lajjare.

944.

‘‘Nānuyuttā tathā eke, muṇḍā saṅghāṭipārutā;

Sambhāvanaṃyevicchanti, lābhasakkāramucchitā.

945.

‘‘Evaṃ nānappayātamhi, na dāni sukaraṃ tathā;

Aphusitaṃ vā phusituṃ, phusitaṃ vānurakkhituṃ.

946.

‘‘Yathā kaṇṭakaṭṭhānamhi, careyya anupāhano;

Satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāna, evaṃ gāme munī care.

947.

‘‘Saritvā pubbake yogī, tesaṃ vattamanussaraṃ;

Kiñcāpi pacchimo kālo, phuseyya amataṃ padaṃ.

948.

‘‘Idaṃ vatvā sālavane, samaṇo bhāvitindriyo;

Brāhmaṇo parinibbāyī, isi khīṇapunabbhavo’’ti. –

Imā gāthā thereneva bhāsitā.

Tattha iriyaṃ āsi bhikkhūnanti purisuttame lokanāthamhi sammāsambuddhe tiṭṭhante dharante etarahi paṭipattibhāvato. Aññathā aññena pakārena bhikkhūnaṃ iriyaṃ caritaṃ ahosi yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattibhāvato. Aññathā dāni dissatīti idāni pana tato aññathā bhikkhūnaṃ iriyaṃ dissati ayāthāvapaṭipattibhāvatoti adhippāyo .

Idāni satthari dharante yenākārena bhikkhūnaṃ paṭipatti ahosi, taṃ tāva dassetuṃ ‘‘sītavātaparittāṇa’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha mattaṭṭhiyanti taṃ mattaṃ payojanaṃ. Yāvadeva sītavātaparittāṇaṃ, yāvadeva hirīkopīnapaṭicchādanaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ paribhuñjiṃsu. Kathaṃ? Santuṭṭhā itarītare yasmiṃ tasmiṃ hīne paṇīte vā yathāladdhe paccaye santosaṃ āpannā.

Paṇītanti uḷāraṃ sappiādinā saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, tadabhāvena lūkhaṃ. Appanti, catupañcālopamattampi. Bahuṃ yāpanatthaṃ abhuñjiṃsūti paṇītaṃ bahuṃ bhuñjantāpi yāpanamattameva āhāraṃ bhuñjiṃsu. Tato eva agiddhā gedhaṃ anāpannā. Nādhimucchitā na ajjhositā akkhabbhañjanaṃ viya sākaṭikā, vaṇalepanaṃ viya vaṇino abhuñjiṃsu.

Jīvitānaṃparikkhāre, bhesajje atha paccayepi jīvitānaṃ pavattiyā parikkhārabhūte bhesajjasaṅkhāte paccaye gilānapaccaye. Yathā teti yathā te purimakā bhikkhū āsavakkhaye ussukā yuttā āsuṃ, tathā te rogābhibhūtāpi gilānapaccaye bāḷhaṃ ativiya ussukā nāhesunti attho.

Tapparāyaṇāti vivekaparāyaṇā vivekapoṇā. Evaṃ catūhi gāthāhi catupaccayasantosaṃ bhāvanābhiratiñca dassentena tesaṃ ariyavaṃsapaṭipadā dassitā.

Nīcāti ‘‘mayaṃ paṃsukūlikā piṇḍapātikā’’ti attukkaṃsanaparavambhanāni akatvā nīcavuttino, nivātavuttinoti attho. Niviṭṭhāti sāsane niviṭṭhasaddhā. Subharāti appicchatādibhāvena suposā. Mudūti vattapaṭipattiyaṃ sakale ca brahmacariye mudū, suparikammakatasuvaṇṇaṃ viya viniyogakkhamā. Mudūti vā abhākuṭikā uttānamukhā pupphitamukhena paṭisanthāravuttino, sutitthaṃ viya sukhāvahāti vuttaṃ hoti. Athaddhamānasāti akathinacittā tena subbacabhāvamāha. Abyāsekāti sativippavāsābhāvato kilesabyāsekarahitā, antarantarā taṇhādiṭṭhimānādīhi avokiṇṇāti attho. Amukharāti na mukharā, na mukhena kharā vacīpāgabbhiyarahitāti vā attho. Atthacintāvasānugāti hitacintāvasānugāhitacintāvasikā, attano paresañca hitacintameva anuparivattanakā.

Tatoti tasmā nīcavuttādihetu. Pāsādikanti pasādajanikaṃ paṭipattiṃ passantānaṃ suṇantānañca pasādāvahaṃ. Gatanti abhikkantapaṭikkantaparivattanādigamanaṃ. Gatanti vā kāyavācāpavatti. Bhuttanti catupaccayaparibhogo. Nisevitanti gocaranisevanaṃ. Siniddhāteladhārāvāti yathā anivattitā kusalajanābhisiñcitā savantī teladhārā avicchinnā siniddhā maṭṭhā dassanīyā pāsādikā hoti, evaṃ tesaṃ ākappasampannānaṃ iriyāpatho acchiddo saṇho maṭṭho dassanīyo pāsādiko ahosi.

Mahājhāyīti mahantehi jhānehi jhāyanasīlā, mahantaṃ vā nibbānaṃ jhāyantīti mahājhāyī. Tato eva mahāhitā, mahantehi hitehi samannāgatāti attho. Te therāti te yathāvuttappakārā paṭipattiparāyaṇā therā idāni parinibbutāti attho. Parittā dāni tādisāti idāni pacchime kāle tādisā tathārūpā therā parittā appakā katipayā evāti vuttaṃ hoti.

Kusalānañcadhammānanti vivaṭṭassa upanissayabhūtānaṃ vimokkhasambhārānaṃ anavajjadhammānaṃ. Paññāya cāti tathārūpāya paññāya ca. Parikkhayāti abhāvato anuppattito. Kāmañcettha paññāpi siyā anavajjadhammā, bahukārabhāvadassanatthaṃ panassā visuṃ gahaṇaṃ yathā puññañāṇasambhārāti. Sabbākāravarūpetanti ādikalyāṇatādīhi sabbehi ākāravarehi pakāravisesehi upetaṃ yuttaṃ jinassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ lujjati vinassatīti attho.

Pāpakānañca dhammānaṃ, kilesānañca yo utūti kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ lobhādīnañca kilesānaṃ yo utu yo kālo, so ayaṃ vattatīti vacanaseso. Upaṭṭhitā vivekāya, ye ca saddhammasesakāti ye pana evarūpe kāle kāyacittaupadhivivekatthāya upaṭṭhitā āraddhavīriyā, te ca sesapaṭipattisaddhammakā honti. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – suvisuddhasīlācārāpi samānā idāni ekacce bhikkhū iriyāpathasaṇṭhāpanaṃ, samathavipassanābhāvanāvidhānaṃ, mahāpalibodhūpacchedo, khuddakapalibodhūpacchedoti evamādipubbakiccaṃ sampādetvā bhāvanamanuyuñjanti. Te sesapaṭipattisaddhammakā, paṭipattiṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ na sakkontīti.

Te kilesā pavaḍḍhantāti ye bhagavato orasaputtehi ca tadā parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gamitā kilesā, te etarahi laddhokāsā bhikkhūsu vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjantā. Āvisanti bahuṃ jananti kalyāṇamittarahitaṃ ayonisomanasikārabahulaṃ andhabālajanaṃ abhibhavitvā avasaṃ karontā āvisanti santānaṃ anupavisanti. Evaṃbhūtā ca te kīḷanti maññe bālehi, ummattehiva rakkhasā, yathā nāma keḷisīlā rakkhasā bhisakkarahite ummatte āvisitvā te anayabyasanaṃ āpādentā tehi kīḷanti, evaṃ te kilesā sammāsambuddhabhisakkarahite andhabāle bhikkhū āvisitvā tesaṃ diṭṭhadhammikādibhedaṃ anatthaṃ uppādentā tehi saddhiṃ kīḷanti maññe, kīḷantā viya hontīti attho.

Tenatenāti tena tena ārammaṇabhāgena. Vidhāvitāti virūpaṃ dhāvitā asāruppavasena paṭipajjantā. Kilesavatthūsūti paṭhamaṃ uppannaṃ kilesā pacchā uppajjanakānaṃ kāraṇabhāvato kilesāva kilesavatthūni, tesu kilesavatthūsu samūhitesu. Sasaṅgāmeva ghositeti hiraññasuvaṇṇamaṇimuttādikaṃ dhanaṃ vippakiritvā ‘‘yaṃ yaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇādi yassa yassa hatthagataṃ, taṃ taṃ tassa tasseva hotū’’ti evaṃ kāmaghosanā sasaṅgāmaghosanā nāma. Tatthāyamattho – kilesavatthūsu ‘‘yo yo kileso yaṃ yaṃ sattaṃ gaṇhāti abhibhavati, so so tassa tassa hotū’’ti kilesasenāpatinā mārena sasaṅgāme ghosite viya. Tehi tehi kilesehi abhibhūtā te bālaputhujjanā tena tena ārammaṇabhāgena vidhāvitā vositāti.

Te evaṃ vidhāvitā kiṃ karontīti āha ‘‘pariccajitvā saddhammaṃ, aññamaññehi bhaṇḍare’’ti. Tassattho – paṭipattisaddhammaṃ chaḍḍetvā āmisakiñjakkhahetu aññamaññehi bhaṇḍare kalahaṃ karontīti. Diṭṭhigatānīti ‘‘viññāṇamattameva atthi, nattheva rūpadhammā’’ti, ‘‘yathā puggalo nāma paramatthato natthi, evaṃ sabhāvadhammāpi paramatthato natthi, vohāramattamevā’’ti ca evamādīni diṭṭhigatāni micchāgāhe anventā anugacchantā idaṃ seyyo idameva seṭṭhaṃ, aññaṃ micchāti maññanti.

Niggatāti gehato nikkhantā. Kaṭacchubhikkhahetūpīti kaṭacchumattabhikkhānimittampi. Taṃ dadantassa gahaṭṭhassa ananulomikasaṃsaggavasena akiccāni pabbajitena akattabbāni kammāni nisevare karonti.

Udarāvadehakaṃ bhutvāti ‘‘ūnūdaro mitāhāro’’ti (theragā. 982; mi. pa. 6.5.10) vuttavacanaṃ acintetvā udarapūraṃ bhuñjitvā. Sayantuttānaseyyakāti ‘‘dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno’’ti (a. ni. 8.9; vibha. 519) vuttavidhānaṃ ananussaritvā uttānaseyyakā sayanti. Yā kathā satthugarahitāti rājakathāditiracchānakathaṃ sandhāya vadati.

Sabbakārukasippānīti sabbehi vessādīhi kārukehi kattabbāni bhattatālavaṇṭakaraṇādīni hatthasippāni. Cittiṃ katvānāti sakkaccaṃ sādaraṃ katvā. Avūpasantā ajjhattanti kilesavūpasamābhāvato gadduhanamattampi samādhānābhāvato ca ajjhattaṃ avūpasantā, avūpasantacittāti attho. Sāmaññatthoti samaṇadhammo. Atiacchatīti tesaṃ ājīvakiccapasutatāya ekadesampi aphusanato visuṃyeva nisīdati, anallīyatīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Mattikanti pākatikaṃ vā pañcavaṇṇaṃ vā gihīnaṃ viniyogakkhamaṃ mattikaṃ. Telacuṇṇañcāti pākatikaṃ, abhisaṅkhataṃ vā telañca cuṇṇañca. Udakāsanabhojananti udakañca āsanañca bhojanañca. Ākaṅkhantā bahuttaranti bahuṃ piṇḍapātādiuttaruttaraṃ ākaṅkhantā ‘‘amhehi mattikādīsu dinnesu manussā daḷhabhattikā hutvā bahuṃ uttaruttaraṃ catupaccayajātaṃ dassantī’’ti adhippāyena gihīnaṃ upanāmentīti attho.

Dante punanti sodhenti etenāti dantaponaṃ, dantakaṭṭhaṃ. Kapitthanti kapitthaphalaṃ. Pupphanti sumanacampakādipupphaṃ. Khādanīyānīti aṭṭhārasavidhepi khajjakavisese. Piṇḍapāte ca sampanneti vaṇṇādisampayutte odanavisese. ‘‘Ambe āmalakāni cā’’ti ca-saddena mātuluṅgatālanāḷikerādiphalāni avuttāni saṅgaṇhāti. Sabbattha gihīnaṃ upanāmenti ākaṅkhantā bahuttaranti yojanā.

Bhesajjesu yathā vejjāti gihīnaṃ bhesajjappayogesu yathā vejjā, tathā bhikkhū paṭipajjantīti adhippāyo. Kiccākicce yathā gihīti gahaṭṭhānaṃ khuddake ceva mahante ca kicce kattabbe gihī viya. Gaṇikāva vibhūsāyanti attano sarīrassa vibhūsane rūpūpajīviniyo viya. Issare khattiyā yathāti issare issariyapavattane yathā khattiyā, evaṃ kulapatī hutvā vattantīti attho.

Nekatikāti nikatiyaṃ niyuttā, amaṇiṃyeva maṇiṃ, asuvaṇṇaṃyeva suvaṇṇaṃ katvā paṭirūpasāciyoganiratā. Vañcanikāti kūṭamānādīhi vippalambakā. Kūṭasakkhīti ayāthāvasakkhino. Apāṭukāti vāmakā, asaṃyatavuttīti attho. Bahūhi parikappehīti yathāvuttehi aññehi ca bahūhi micchājīvappakārehi.

Lesakappeti kappiyalese kappiyapaṭirūpe. Pariyāyeti, paccayesu pariyāyassa yoge. Parikappeti vaḍḍhiādivikappane, sabbattha visaye bhummaṃ. Anudhāvitāti mahicchatādīhi pāpadhammehi anudhāvitā vositā. Jīvikatthā jīvikappayojanā ājīvahetukā. Upāyenāti parikathādinā upāyena paccayuppādananayena. Saṅkaḍḍhantīti saṃharanti.

Upaṭṭhāpenti parisanti parisāya attānaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, yathā parisā attānaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, evaṃ parisaṃ saṅgaṇhantīti attho. Kammatoti kammahetu. Te hi attano kattabbaveyyāvaccanimittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti. No ca dhammatoti dhammanimittaṃ no ca upaṭṭhapenti. Yo satthārā ullumpanasabhāvasaṇṭhitāya parisāya saṅgaho anuññāto, tena na saṅgaṇhantīti attho. Lābhatoti lābhahetu, ‘‘ayyo bahussuto, bhāṇako, ‘dhammakathiko’ti evaṃ sambhāvento mahājano mayhaṃ lābhasakkāre upanayissatī’’ti icchācāre ṭhatvā lābhanimittaṃ paresaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. No ca atthatoti yo so vimuttāyatanasīse ṭhatvā saddhammaṃ kathentena pattabbo attho, na taṃdiṭṭhadhammikādibhedahitanimittaṃ dhammaṃ desentīti attho.

Saṅghalābhassa bhaṇḍantīti saṅghalābhahetu bhaṇḍanti ‘‘mayhaṃ pāpuṇāti, na tuyha’’ntiādinā kalahaṃ karonti. Saṅghato paribāhirāti, ariyasaṅghato bahibhūtā ariyasaṅghe tadabhāvato. Paralābhopajīvantāti sāsane lābhassa andhabālaputhujjanehi pare sīlādiguṇasampanne sekkhe uddissa uppannattā taṃ paralābhaṃ, parato vā dāyakato laddhabbalābhaṃ upajīvantā bhaṇḍanakārakā bhikkhū pāpajigucchāya abhāvato ahirikā samānā ca ‘‘mayaṃ paralābhaṃ bhuñjāma, parapaṭibaddhajīvikā’’tipi na lajjare na hirīyanti.

Nānuyuttāti samaṇakaraṇehi dhammehi ananuyuttā. Tathāti yathā pubbe vuttā bandhanakārakādayo, tathā. Eketi ekacce. Muṇḍā saṅghāṭipārutāti kevalaṃ muṇḍitakesatāya muṇḍā pilotikakhaṇḍehi saṅghaṭitaṭṭhena ‘‘saṅghāṭī’’ti laddhanāmena cīvarena pārutasarīrā. Sambhāvanaṃyevicchanti, lābhasakkāramucchitāti lābhasakkārāsāya mucchitā ajjhositā hutvā, ‘‘pesalo dhutavādo bahussuto’’ti vā madhuravacanamanuyuttā ‘‘ariyo’’ti ca kevalaṃ sambhāvanaṃ bahumānaṃyeva icchanti esanti, na tannimitte guṇeti attho.

Evanti ‘‘kusalānañca dhammānaṃ paññāya ca parikkhayā’’ti vuttanayena. Nānappayātamhīti nānappakāre bhedanadhamme payāte samakate, nānappakārena vā saṃkilesadhamme payātuṃ pavattituṃ āraddhe. Na dāni sukaraṃ tathāti idāni imasmiṃ dullabhakalyāṇamitte dullabhasappāyasaddhammassavane ca kāle yathā satthari dharante aphusitaṃ aphuṭṭhaṃ, anadhigataṃ jhānavipassanaṃ phusituṃ adhigantuṃ, phusitaṃ vā hānabhāgiyaṃ ṭhitibhāgiyameva vā ahutvā yathā visesabhāgiyaṃ hoti, tathā anurakkhituṃ pāletuṃ sukaraṃ, tathā na sukaraṃ, tathā sampādetuṃ na sakkāti attho.

Idāni attano parinibbānakālassa āsannattā saṃkhittena ovādena sabrahmacāriṃ ovadanto ‘‘yathā kaṇṭakaṭṭhānamhī’’tiādimāha. Tassattho – yathā puriso kenacideva payojanena kaṇṭakanicite padese anupāhano vicaranto ‘‘mā maṃ kaṇṭako vijjhī’’ti satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāva vicarati, evaṃ kilesakaṇṭakanicite gocaragāme payojanena caranto muni satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāna satisampajaññayutto appamattova careyya kammaṭṭhānaṃ avijahantoti vuttaṃ hoti.

Saritvā pubbake yogī, tesaṃ vattamanussaranti purimake yoge bhāvanāya yuttatāya yogī āraddhavipassake saritvā tesaṃ vattaṃ āgamānusārena sammāpaṭipattibhāvanāvidhiṃ anussaranto dhuranikkhepaṃ akatvā yathāpaṭipajjanto. Kiñcāpi pacchimo kāloti yadipāyaṃ atītasatthuko carimo kālo, tathāpi yathādhammameva paṭipajjanto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpento phuseyya amataṃ padaṃ nibbānaṃ adhigaccheyya.

Idaṃ vatvāti, yathādassitaṃ saṃkilesavodānesu imaṃ paṭipattividhiṃ kathetvā. Ayañca osānagāthā saṅgītikārehi therassa parinibbānaṃ pakāsetuṃ vuttāti veditabbā.

Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Vīsatinipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.