8. Aṭṭhakanipāto

1. Mahākaccāyanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Aṭṭhakanipāte kammaṃ bahukantiādikā āyasmato mahākaccāyanattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vuddhippatto, ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā, sayampi taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthento paṇidhānaṃ katvā, dānādīni puññāni katvā, devamanussesu saṃsaranto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena gacchanto satthāraṃ himavantapabbate ekasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kaṇikārapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi.

So tena puññakammena aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva parivattento kassapadasabalassa kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulaghare nibbattitvā parinibbute bhagavati suvaṇṇacetiyakaraṇaṭṭhāne satasahassagghanikāya suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāya pūjaṃ katvā, ‘‘bhagavā mayhaṃ nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sarīraṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ hotū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi.

Tato yāvajīvaṃ kusalakammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde ujjeniyaṃ rañño caṇḍapajjotassa purohitagehe nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase mātā ‘‘mayhaṃ putto suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, attano nāmaṃ gahetvā āgato’’ti kañcanamāṇavo tveva nāmaṃ akāsi. So vuḍḍhimanvāya tayo vede uggahetvā pitu accayena purohitaṭṭhānaṃ labhi. So gottavasena kaccāyanoti paññāyittha. Taṃ rājā caṇḍapajjoto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā, ‘‘ācariya, tvaṃ tattha gantvā satthāraṃ idhānehī’’ti pesesi. So attaṭṭhamo satthu santikaṃ upagato. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ deseti. Desanāpariyosāne so sattahi janehi saddhiṃ saha paṭisambhidāhi arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.1-27) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, anejo ajitaṃ jayo;

Satasahasse kappānaṃ, ito uppajji nāyako.

‘‘Vīro kamalapattakkho, sasaṅkavimalānano;

Kanakācalasaṅkāso, ravidittisamappabho.

‘‘Sattanettamanohārī, varalakkhaṇabhūsito;

Sabbavākyapathātīto, manujāmarasakkato.

‘‘Sambuddho bodhayaṃ satte, vāgīso madhurassaro;

Karuṇānibandhasantāno, parisāsu visārado.

‘‘Deseti madhuraṃ dhammaṃ, catusaccūpasaṃhitaṃ;

Nimugge mohapaṅkamhi, samuddharati pāṇine.

‘‘Tadā ekacaro hutvā, tāpaso himavālayo;

Nabhasā mānusaṃ lokaṃ, gacchanto jinamaddasaṃ.

‘‘Upecca santikaṃ tassa, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ;

Vaṇṇayantassa vīrassa, sāvakassa mahāguṇaṃ.

‘‘Saṃkhittena mayā vuttaṃ, vitthārena pakāsayaṃ;

Parisaṃ mañca toseti, yathā kaccāyano ayaṃ.

‘‘Nāhaṃ evamidhekaccaṃ, aññaṃ passāmi sāvakaṃ;

Tasmātadagge esaggo, evaṃ dhāretha bhikkhavo.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ vimhito hutvā, sutvā vākyaṃ manoramaṃ;

Himavantaṃ gamitvāna, āhitvā pupphasañcayaṃ.

‘‘Pūjetvā lokasaraṇaṃ, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ;

Tadā mamāsayaṃ ñatvā, byākāsi sa raṇañjaho.

‘‘Passathetaṃ isivaraṃ, niddhantakanakattacaṃ;

Uddhaggalomaṃ pīṇaṃsaṃ, acalaṃ pañjaliṃ ṭhitaṃ.

‘‘Hāsaṃ supuṇṇanayanaṃ, buddhavaṇṇagatāsayaṃ;

Dhammajaṃ uggahadayaṃ, amatāsittasannibhaṃ.

‘‘Kaccānassa guṇaṃ sutvā, taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthayaṃ ṭhito;

Anāgatamhi addhāne, gotamassa mahāmune.

‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Kaccāno nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Bahussuto mahāñāṇī, adhippāyavidū mune;

Pāpuṇissati taṃ ṭhānaṃ, yathāyaṃ byākato mayā.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;

Aññaṃ gatiṃ na gacchāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye atha brāhmaṇe;

Nīce kule na jāyāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jāto ujjeniyaṃ pure;

Pajjotassa ca caṇḍassa, purohitadijādhino.

‘‘Putto tiriṭivacchassa, nipuṇo vedapāragū;

Mātā ca candimā nāma, kaccānohaṃ varattaco.

‘‘Vīmaṃsanatthaṃ buddhassa, bhūmipālena pesito;

Disvā mokkhapuradvāraṃ, nāyakaṃ guṇasañcayaṃ.

‘‘Sutvā ca vimalaṃ vākyaṃ, gatipaṅkavisosanaṃ;

Pāpuṇiṃ amataṃ santaṃ, sesehi saha sattahi.

‘‘Adhippāyavidū jāto, sugatassa mahāmate.

Ṭhapito etadagge ca, susamiddhamanoratho.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha satthā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Te tāvadeva dvaṅgulamattakesamassukā iddhimayapattacīvaradharā vassasaṭṭhikattherā viya ahesuṃ. Evaṃ thero sadatthaṃ nipphādetvā, ‘‘bhante, rājā pajjoto tumhākaṃ pāde vandituṃ dhammañca sotuṃ icchatī’’ti satthu ārocesi. Satthā, ‘‘tvaṃyeva, bhikkhu, tattha gaccha, tayi gatepi rājā pasīdissatī’’ti āha. Thero satthu āṇāya attaṭṭhamo tattha gantvā rājānaṃ pasādetvā avantīsu sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā puna satthu santikameva gato. So ekadivasaṃ sambahule bhikkhū samaṇadhammaṃ pahāya kammārāme saṅgaṇikārāme rasataṇhānugate ca pamādavihārino disvā tesaṃ ovādavasena –

494.

‘‘Kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kāraye, parivajjeyya janaṃ na uyyame;

So ussukko rasānugiddho, atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhādhivāho.

495.

‘‘Paṅkoti hi naṃ avedayuṃ, yāyaṃ vandanapūjanā kulesu;

Sukhumaṃ sallaṃ durubbahaṃ, sakkāro kāpurisena dujjaho’’ti. –

Dve gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kārayeti navāvāsakārāpanādiṃ samaṇadhammakaraṇassa paribandhabhūtaṃ mahantaṃ navakammaṃ na paṭṭhapeyya, khuddakaṃ appasamārambhaṃ khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇādiṃ satthu vacanapaṭipūjanatthaṃ kātabbameva. Parivajjeyya jananti gaṇasaṅgaṇikavasena janaṃ vivajjeyya. Jananti vā yādisaṃ saṃsevato bhajato payirupāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, tādisaṃ akalyāṇamittabhūtaṃ janaṃ parivajjeyya. Na uyyameti, paccayuppādanatthaṃ kulasaṅgaṇhanavasena na vāyameyya, yasmā so ussukko rasānugiddho, atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhādhivāhoti yo rasānugiddho rasataṇhāvasiko bhikkhu paccayuppādanapasuto, so kulasaṅgaṇhanatthaṃ ussukko, tesu sukhitesu sukhito, dukkhitesu dukkhito, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanā yogaṃ āpajjati, yo sukhādhivāho samathavipassanāmaggaphalanibbānasukhāvaho sīlādiattho, taṃ riñcati pajahati ekaṃsena attānaṃ tato vivecetīti attho.

Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya ‘‘kammārāmataṃ saṅgaṇikārāmataṃ paccayagedhañca vajjethā’’ti ovaditvā idāni sakkārābhilāsaṃ garahanto dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho – yā ayaṃ bhikkhāya upagatānaṃ pabbajitānaṃ kulesu gehavāsīhi guṇasambhāvanāya karīyamānā vandanā pūjanā ca, yasmā taṃ abhāvitattānaṃ osīdāpanaṭṭhena malinabhāvakaraṇaṭṭhena ca paṅko kaddamoti buddhādayo ariyā pavedayuṃ abbhaññaṃsu pavedesuṃ vā, yasmā ca apariññātakkhandhānaṃ andhaputhujjanānaṃ sakkārābhilāsaṃ duviññeyyasabhāvatāya pīḷājananato anto tudanato duruddharaṇato ca sukhumaṃ sallaṃ durubbahaṃ pavedayuṃ, tato eva sakkāro kāpurisena dujjaho duppajaheyyo tassa pahānapaṭipattiyā appaṭipajjanato. Sakkārābhilāsappahānena hi sakkāro pahīno hoti, tasmā tassa pahānāya āyogo karaṇīyoti dasseti –

496.

‘‘Na parassupanidhāya, kammaṃ maccassa pāpakaṃ;

Attanā taṃ na seveyya, kammabandhū hi mātiyā.

497.

‘‘Na pare vacanā coro, na pare vacanā muni;

Attā ca naṃ yathā vedi, devāpi naṃ tathā vidū.

498.

‘‘Pare ca na vijānanti, mayamettha yamāmase;

Ye ca tattha vijānanti, tato sammanti medhagā.

499.

‘‘Jīvate vāpi sappañño, api vittaparikkhayo;

Paññāya ca alābhena, vittavāpi na jīvati.

500.

‘‘Sabbaṃ suṇāti sotena, sabbaṃ passati cakkhunā;

Na ca diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ dhīro, sabbaṃ ujjhitumarahati.

501.

‘‘Cakkhumāssa yathā andho, sotavā badhiro yathā;

Paññavāssa yathā mūgo, balavā dubbaloriva;

Atha atthe samuppanne, sayetha matasāyika’’nti. –

Imā cha gāthā rañño pajjotassa ovādavasena abhāsi. So kira brāhmaṇe saddahitvā pasughātayaññaṃ kāreti, kammaṃ asodhetvāva acore corasaññāya daṇḍesi, aṭṭakaraṇe ca assāmike sāmike karoti, sāmike ca assāmike. Tato naṃ thero vivecetuṃ ‘‘na parassā’’tiādinā cha gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha na parassupanidhāya, kammaṃ maccassa pāpakanti parassa maccassa sattassa upanidhāya uddissa kāraṇaṃ katvā pāpakaṃ vadhabandhādikammaṃ na seveyya, parena na kārāpeyyāti attho. Attanā taṃ na seveyyāti attanāpi taṃ pāpakaṃ na kareyya. Kasmā? Kammabandhū hi mātiyā ime mātiyā maccā kammadāyādā, tasmā attanā ca kiñci pāpakammaṃ na kareyya, parenapi na kārāpeyyāti attho.

Na pare vacanā coroti attanā coriyaṃ akatvā paravacanā parassa vacanamattena coro nāma na hoti, tathā na pare vacanā muni parassa vacanamattena muni suvisuddhakāyavacīmanosamācāro na hoti. Ettha hi pareti vibhattialopaṃ katvā niddeso. Keci pana ‘‘paresanti vattabbe pareti saṃ-kāralopaṃ katvā niddiṭṭha’’nti vadanti. Attā ca naṃ yathā vedīti naṃ sattaṃ tassa attā cittaṃ yathā ‘‘ahaṃ parisuddho, aparisuddho vā’’ti yāthāvato avedi jānāti. Devāpi naṃ tathā vidūti visuddhidevā, upapattidevā ca tathā vidū vidanti jānanti, tasmā sayaṃ tādisā devā ca pamāṇaṃ suddhāsuddhānaṃ suddhāsuddhabhāvajānane, na ye keci icchādosaparetā sattāti adhippāyo.

Pareti paṇḍite ṭhapetvā tato aññe, kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjaṃ kammaṃ kammaphalaṃ kāyassa asubhataṃ saṅkhārānaṃ aniccataṃ ajānantā idha pare nāma. Te mayamettha imasmiṃ jīvaloke yamāma uparamāma, ‘‘satataṃ samitaṃ maccu santikaṃ gacchāmā’’ti na jānanti. Ye ca tattha vijānantīti ye ca tattha paṇḍitā ‘‘mayaṃ maccu samīpaṃ gacchāmā’’ti vijānanti. Tato sammanti medhagāti evañhi te jānantā medhagānaṃ paravihiṃsanānaṃ vūpasamāya paṭipajjanti, attanā pare ca aññe na medhanti na bādhentīti attho. Tvaṃ pana jīvitanimittaṃ acore core karontopi daṇḍanena sāmike assāmike karontopi dhanajāniyā bādhasi paññāvekallato. Tathā akarontopi jīvate vāpi sappañño, api vittaparikkhayo parikkhīṇadhanopi sappaññajātiko itarītarasantosena santuṭṭho anavajjāya jīvikāya jīvatiyeva. Tassa hi jīvitaṃ nāma. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.73, 246; su. ni. 184). Dummedhapuggalo pana paññāya ca alābhena diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca atthaṃ virādhento vittavāpi na jīvati garahādipavattiyā jīvanto nāma na hoti, anupāyaññutāya yathādhigataṃ dhanaṃ nāsento jīvitampi sandhāretuṃ na sakkotiyeva.

Imā kira catassopi gāthā thero supinantena rañño kathesi. Rājā supinaṃ disvā theraṃ namassantoyeva pabujjhitvā pabhātāya rattiyā theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā attanā diṭṭhaniyāmena supinaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā thero tā gāthā paccunubhāsitvā ‘‘sabbaṃ suṇātī’’tiādinā dvīhi gāthāhi rājānaṃ ovadi. Tattha sabbaṃ suṇāti sotenāti idha sotabbaṃ saddaṃ āpāthagataṃ sabbaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitañca abadhiro sotena suṇāti. Tathā sabbaṃ rūpaṃ sundaraṃ asundarampi cakkhunā anandho passati, ayamindriyānaṃ sabhāvo. Tattha pana na ca diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ dhīro, sabbaṃ ujjhitunti ca nidassanamattametaṃ. Yañhi taṃ diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ vā, na taṃ sabbaṃ dhīro sappañño ujjhituṃ pariccajituṃ gahetuṃ vā arahati. Guṇāguṇaṃ pana tattha upaparikkhitvā ujjhitabbameva ujjhituṃ gahetabbañca gahetuṃ arahati, tasmā cakkhumāssa yathā andho cakkhumāpi samāno ujjhitabbe diṭṭhe andho yathā assa apassanto viya bhaveyya, tathā ujjhitabbe sute sotavāpi badhiro yathā assa asuṇanto viya bhaveyya. Paññavāssa yathā mūgoti vicāraṇapaññāya paññavā vacanakusalopi avattabbe mūgo viya bhaveyya. Balavā thāmasampannopi akattabbe dubbaloriva, rakāro padasandhikaro, asamattho viya bhaveyya. Atha atthe samuppanne, sayetha matasāyikanti attanā kātabbakicce uppanne upaṭṭhite matasāyikaṃ sayetha, matasāyikaṃ sayitvāpi taṃ kiccaṃ tīretabbameva, na virādhetabbaṃ. Atha vā atha atthe samuppanneti attanā akaraṇīye atthe kicce uppanne upaṭṭhite matasāyikaṃ sayetha, matasāyikaṃ sayitvāpi taṃ na kātabbameva. Na hi paṇḍito ayuttaṃ kātumarahatīti evaṃ therena ovadito rājā akattabbaṃ pahāya kātabbeyeva yuttappayutto ahosīti.

Mahākaccāyanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Sirimittattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Akkodhanotiādikā āyasmato sirimittattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe mahaddhanakuṭumbikassa putto hutvā nibbatti, sirimittoti laddhanāmo. Tassa kira mātā siriguttassa bhaginī. Tassa vatthu dhammapadavaṇṇanāyaṃ (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.garahadinnavatthu) āgatameva. So siriguttassa bhāgineyyo sirimitto vayappatto satthu dhanapāladamane laddhappasādo pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ patto. Ekadivasaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ āsanaṃ abhiruhitvā cittabījaniṃ gahetvā nisinno bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ kathesi. Kathento ca uḷāratare guṇe vibhajitvā dassento –

502.

‘‘Akkodhanonupanāhī, amāyo rittapesuṇo;

Sa ve tādisako bhikkhu, evaṃ pecca na socati.

503.

‘‘Akkodhanonupanāhī, amāyo rittapesuṇo;

Guttadvāro sadā bhikkhu, evaṃ pecca na socati.

504.

‘‘Akkodhanonupanāhī, amāyo rittapesuṇo;

Kalyāṇasīlo so bhikkhu, evaṃ pecca na socati.

505.

‘‘Akkodhanonupanāhī, amāyo rittapesuṇo;

Kalyāṇamitto so bhikkhu, evaṃ pecca na socati.

506.

‘‘Akkodhanonupanāhī, amāyo rittapesuṇo;

Kalyāṇapañño so bhikkhu, evaṃ pecca na socati.

507.

‘‘Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā;

Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ.

508.

‘‘Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ;

Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ.

509.

‘‘Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ;

Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha akkodhanoti akujjhanasīlo. Upaṭṭhite hi kodhuppattinimitte adhivāsanakhantiyaṃ ṭhatvā kopassa anuppādako. Anupanāhīti na upanāhako, parehi kataṃ aparādhaṃ paṭicca ‘‘akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 3; mahāva. 464; ma. ni. 3.237) kodhassa anupanayhanasīlo. Santadosapaṭicchādanalakkhaṇāya māyāya abhāvato amāyo. Pisuṇavācāvirahitato rittapesuṇo, sa ve tādisako bhikkhūti so tathārūpo tathājātiko yathāvuttaguṇasamannāgato bhikkhu . Evaṃ yathāvuttapaṭipattiyā pecca paraloke na socati sokanimittassa abhāvato. Cakkhudvārādayo kāyadvārādayo ca guttā pihitā saṃvutā etassāti guttadvāro. Kalyāṇasīloti sundarasīlo suvisuddhasīlo. Kalyāṇamittoti –

‘‘Piyo garubhāvaniyo, vattā ca vacanakkhamo;

Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā, no caṭṭhāne niyojaye’’ti. (a. ni. 7.37) –

Evaṃ vibhāvitalakkhaṇo kalyāṇamitto etassāti kalyāṇamitto. Kalyāṇapaññoti sundarapañño. Yadipi paññā nāma asundarā natthi, niyyānikāya pana paññāya vasena evaṃ vuttaṃ

Evamettha kodhādīnaṃ vikkhambhanavasena samucchedavasena ca akkodhanādimukhena, puggalādhiṭṭhānāya gāthāya sammāpaṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni nipphattitalokuttarasaddhādike uddharitvā puggalādhiṭṭhānāya eva gāthāya sammāpaṭipattiṃ dassento ‘‘yassa saddhā’’tiādimāha. Tassattho – yassa puggalassa tathāgate sammāsambuddhe ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinayappavattā maggenāgatasaddhā, tato eva acalā avikampā suṭṭhu patiṭṭhitā. ‘‘Atthī’’ti, padaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. Ariyakantanti ariyānaṃ kantaṃ piyāyitaṃ bhavantarepi avijahanato. Pasaṃsitanti buddhādīhi pasaṭṭhaṃ, vaṇṇitaṃ thomitaṃ atthīti yojanā. Taṃ panetaṃ sīlaṃ gahaṭṭhasīlaṃ pabbajitasīlanti duvidhaṃ. Tattha gahaṭṭhasīlaṃ nāma pañcasikkhāpadasīlaṃ, yaṃ gahaṭṭhena rakkhituṃ sakkā. Pabbajitasīlaṃ nāma dasasikkhāpadasīlaṃ upādāya sabbaṃ catupārisuddhisīlaṃ, tayidaṃ sabbampi akhaṇḍādibhāvena aparāmaṭṭhatāya ‘‘kalyāṇa’’nti veditabbaṃ.

Saṅghe pasādo yassatthīti ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho’’tiādinā ariyasaṅghe pasādo saddhā yassa puggalassa atthi acalo suppatiṭṭhitoti ānetvā yojetabbaṃ. Ujubhūtañca dassananti diṭṭhivaṅkābhāvato kilesavaṅkābhāvato ca ujubhūtaṃ. Akuṭilaṃ ajimhaṃ kammassakatādassanañceva sappaccayanāmarūpadassanañcāti duvidhampi dassanaṃ yassa atthi acalaṃ suppatiṭṭhitanti yojanā. Adaliddoti taṃ āhu saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhananti imesaṃ suvisuddhānaṃ dhanānaṃ atthitāya ‘‘adaliddo’’ti taṃ tādisaṃ puggalaṃ buddhādayo ariyā āhu. Amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ tassa tathārūpassa jīvitaṃ diṭṭhadhammikādiatthādhigamena amoghaṃ avañjhaṃ saphalamevāti āhūti attho.

Tasmāti , yasmā yathāvuttasaddhādiguṇasamannāgato puggalo ‘‘adaliddo amoghajīvito’’ti vuccati, tasmā ahampi tathārūpo bhaveyyanti. Saddhañca…pe… sāsananti ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’ntiādinā (dha. pa. 183; dī. ni. 2.90) vuttaṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ anussaranto kulaputto vuttappabhedaṃ saddhañceva sīlañca dhammadassanahetukaṃ dhamme sunicchayā vimokkhabhūtaṃ pasādañca anuyuñjeyya vaḍḍheyyāti.

Evaṃ thero bhikkhūnaṃ dhammadesanāmukhena attani vijjamāne guṇe pakāsento aññaṃ byākāsi.

Sirimittattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Mahāpanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yadāpaṭhamamaddakkhintiādikā āyasmato mahāpanthakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare vibhavasampanno kuṭumbiyo hutvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saññāvivaṭṭakusalānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā, ‘‘bhante, yaṃ bhikkhuṃ tumhe ito sattadivasamatthake – ‘saññāvivaṭṭakusalānaṃ ayaṃ mama sāsane aggo’ti etadagge ṭhapayittha, ahampi imassa adhikārakammassa balena so bhikkhu viya anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ akāsi. Kaniṭṭhabhātā panassa tatheva bhagavati adhikārakammaṃ katvā manomayassa kāyassābhinimmānaṃ cetovivaṭṭakosallanti dvinnaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena vuttanayeneva paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Bhagavā dvinnampi patthanaṃ anantarāyena samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassamatthake gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane tumhākaṃ patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti byākāsi.

Te ubhopi janā tattha yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbattiṃsu. Tattha mahāpanthakassa antarākataṃ kalyāṇadhammaṃ na kathīyati. Cūḷapanthako pana kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā vīsati vassasahassāni odātakasiṇakammaṃ katvā devapure nibbatti. Apadāne pana ‘‘cūḷapanthako padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle tāpaso hutvā himavante vasanto tattha bhagavantaṃ disvā pupphacchattena pūjaṃ akāsī’’ti āgataṃ. Tesaṃ devamanussesu saṃsarantānaṃyeva kappasatasahassaṃ atikkantaṃ. Atha amhākaṃ satthā abhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakko rājagahaṃ upanissāya veḷuvane mahāvihāre viharati.

Tena ca samayena rājagahe dhanaseṭṭhissa dhītā attano dāsena saddhiṃ santhavaṃ katvā ñātakehi bhītā hatthasāraṃ gahetvā tena saddhiṃ palāyitvā aññattha vasantī taṃ paṭicca gabbhaṃ labhitvā paripakkagabbhā ‘‘ñātigharaṃ gantvā vijāyissāmī’’ti gacchantī antarāmaggeyeva puttaṃ vijāyitvā sāminā nivattitā pubbe vasitaṭṭhāne vasantī puttassa panthe jātattā panthakoti, nāmaṃ akāsi. Tasmiṃ ādhāvitvā vidhāvitvā vicaraṇakāle tameva paṭicca dutiyaṃ gabbhaṃ paṭilabhitvā paripakkagabbhā pubbe vuttanayeneva antarāmagge puttaṃ vijāyitvā sāminā nivattitā jeṭṭhaputtassa mahāpanthakoti kaniṭṭhassa cūḷapanthakoti nāmaṃ katvā yathāvasitaṭṭhāneyeva vasantī anukkamena dārakesu vaḍḍhantesu tehi, ‘‘amma, ayyakakulaṃ no dassehī’’ti nibundhiyamānā dārake mātāpitūnaṃ santikaṃ pesesi. Tato paṭṭhāya dārakā dhanaseṭṭhino gehe vaḍḍhanti. Tesu cūḷapanthako atidaharo. Mahāpanthako pana ayyakena saddhiṃ bhagavato santikaṃ gato satthāraṃ disvā saha dassanena paṭiladdhasaddho dhammaṃ sutvā upanissayasampannatāya pabbajitukāmo hutvā pitāmahaṃ āpucchi. So satthu tamatthaṃ ārocetvā taṃ pabbājesi. So pabbajitvā bahuṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā paripuṇṇavasso upasampajjitvā yonisomanasikāre kammaṃ karonto visesato catunnaṃ arūpajjhānānaṃ lābhī hutvā tato vuṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Iti so saññāvivaṭṭakusalānaṃ aggo jāto. So jhānasukhena phalasukhena vītināmento ekadivasaṃ attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā adhigatasampattiṃ paṭicca sañjātasomanasso sīhanādaṃ nadanto –

510.

‘‘Yadā paṭhamamaddakkhiṃ, satthāramakutobhayaṃ;

Tato me ahu saṃvego, passitvā purisuttamaṃ.

511.

‘‘Siriṃ hatthehi pādehi, yo paṇāmeyya āgataṃ;

Etādisaṃ so satthāraṃ, ārādhetvā virādhaye.

512.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ puttadārañca, dhanadhaññañca chaḍḍayiṃ;

Kesamassūni chedetvā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

513.

‘‘Sikkhāsājīvasampanno, indriyesu susaṃvuto;

Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, vihāsiṃ aparājito.

514.

‘‘Tato me paṇidhī āsi, cetaso abhipatthito;

Na nisīde muhuttampi, taṇhāsalle anūhate.

515.

‘‘Tassa mevaṃ viharato, passa vīriyaparakkamaṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

516.

‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;

Arahā dakkhiṇeyyomhi, vippamutto nirūpadhi.

517.

‘‘Tato ratyāvivasāne, sūriyuggamanaṃ pati;

Sabbaṃ taṇhaṃ visosetvā, pallaṅkena upāvisi’’nti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha yadāti yasmiṃ kāle. Paṭhamanti ādito. Addakkhinti passiṃ, satthāranti, bhagavantaṃ. Akutobhayanti nibbhayaṃ. Ayañhettha attho – sabbesaṃ bhayahetūnaṃ bodhimūleyeva pahīnattā kutocipi bhayābhāvato akutobhayaṃ nibbhayaṃ, catuvesārajjavisāradaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi veneyyānaṃ yathārahamanusāsanato satthāraṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ mayhaṃ pitāmahena saddhiṃ gantvā yāya velāya sabbapaṭhamaṃ passiṃ, taṃ purisuttamaṃ sadevake loke aggapuggalaṃ passitvā tato dassanahetu tato dassanato pacchā ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ satthāraṃ daṭṭhuṃ dhammañca sotuṃ nālattha’’nti mayhaṃ saṃvego ahu sahottappaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajji. Uppannasaṃvego panāhaṃ evaṃ cintesinti dasseti siriṃ hatthehīti gāthāya. Tassattho – yo vibhavatthiko puriso ‘‘upaṭṭhāyiko hutvā tava santike vasissāmī’’ti saviggahaṃ siriṃ sayane upagataṃ hatthehi ca pādehi ca koṭṭento paṇāmeyya nīhareyya, so tathārūpo alakkhikapuriso etādisaṃ satthāraṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ ārādhetvā imasmiṃ navame khaṇe paṭilabhitvā virādhaye tassa ovādākaraṇena taṃ virajjheyya, ahaṃ panevaṃ na karomīti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘tadāhaṃ…pe… anagāriya’’nti. Tattha chaḍḍayinti, pajahiṃ. ‘‘Chaḍḍiya’’ntipi pāṭho. Nanu ayaṃ thero dārapariggahaṃ akatvāva pabbajito, so kasmā ‘‘puttadārañca chaḍḍayi’’nti avocāti? Yathā nāma puriso anibbattaphalameva rukkhaṃ chindanto acchinne tato laddhaphalehi parihīno nāma hoti. Evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Sikkhāsājīvasamāpannoti yā adhisīlasikkhā, tāya ca, yattha bhikkhū saha jīvanti, ekajīvikā sabhāgavuttino honti, tena bhagavatā paññattasikkhāpadasaṅkhātena sājīvena ca samannāgato sikkhanabhāvena samaṅgībhūto, sikkhaṃ paripūrento sājīvañca avītikkamanto hutvā tadubhayaṃ sampādentoti attho. Tena suvisuddhe pātimokkhe sīle patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ dasseti. Indriyesu susaṃvutoti manacchaṭṭhesu indriyesu suṭṭhu saṃvuto. Rūpādivisayesu uppajjanakānaṃ abhijjhādīnaṃ pavattinivāraṇavasena satikavāṭena supihitacakkhādidvāroti attho. Evaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvaraindriyasaṃvarasīlasampattidassanena itarasīlampi atthato dassitameva hotīti thero attano catupārisuddhisīlasampadaṃ dassetvā ‘‘namassamāno sambuddha’’nti iminā buddhānussatibhāvanānuyogamāha. Vihāsiṃ aparājitoti kilesamārādīhi aparājito eva hutvā vihariṃ, yāva arahattappatti, tāva tehi anabhibhūto, aññadatthu te abhibhavanto eva vihāsinti attho.

Tatoti tasmā, yasmā suvisuddhasīlo satthari abhippasanno kilesābhibhavanapaṭipattiyañca ṭhito, tasmā. Paṇidhīti paṇidhānaṃ. Tato vā cittābhinīhāro. Āsīti ahosi. Cetaso abhipatthitoti, mama cittena icchito. Kīdiso pana soti āha ‘‘na nisīde muhuttampi, taṇhāsalle anūhate’’ti. ‘‘Aggamaggasaṇḍāsena mama hadayato taṇhāsalle anuddhaṭe muhuttampi na nisīde, nisajjaṃ na kappeyya’’nti evaṃ me cittābhinīhāro ahosīti attho.

Evaṃ pana cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāya bhāvanaṃ bhāvayitvā ṭhānacaṅkameheva rattiṃ vītināmento arūpasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya jhānaṅgamukhena vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘tassa me’’tiādi. Nirūpadhīti kilesupadhiādīnaṃ abhāvena nirupadhi. Ratyāvivasāneti rattibhāgassa vigamane vibhātāya rattiyā. Sūriyuggamanaṃ patīti sūriyuggamanaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ katvā. Sabbaṃ taṇhanti kāmataṇhādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ taṇhāsotaṃ aggamaggena visosetvā sukkhāpetvā ‘‘taṇhāsalle anūhate na nisīde’’ti, paṭiññāya mocitattā. Pallaṅkena upāvisinti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdinti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.

Mahāpanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Aṭṭhakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.