1. M³lapariy±yavaggo

1. M³lapariy±yasuttavaººan±

1. Ya½ paneta½ “eva½ me sutan”ti-±dika½ nid±na½. Tattha evanti nip±tapada½. Meti-±d²ni n±mapad±ni. Ukkaµµh±ya½ viharat²ti ettha v²ti upasaggapada½, harat²ti ±khy±tapadanti imin± t±va nayena padavibh±go veditabbo.

Atthato pana eva½-saddo t±va upam³padesasampaha½sanagarahaºavacanasampaµiggah±k±ranidassan±vadh±raº±di-anekatthappabhedo. Tath±hesa– “eva½ j±tena maccena kattabba½ kusala½ bahun”ti evam±d²su (dha. pa. 53) upam±ya½ ±gato. “Eva½ te abhikkamitabba½, eva½ te paµikkamitabban”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 4.122) upadese. “Evameta½ bhagav±, evameta½ sugat±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 3.66) sampaha½sane. “Evameva½ pan±ya½ vasal² yasmi½ v± tasmi½ v± tassa muº¹akassa samaºakassa vaººa½ bh±sat²”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.187) garahaºe. “Eva½ bhanteti kho te bhikkh³ bhagavato paccassosun”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.1) vacanasampaµiggahe. “Eva½ by±kho aha½, bhante, bhagavat± dhamma½ desita½ ±j±n±m²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.398) ±k±re. “Ehi tva½, m±ºavaka, yena samaºo ±nando tenupasaªkama, upasaªkamitv± mama vacanena samaºa½, ±nanda½, app±b±dha½ app±taªka½ lahuµµh±na½ bala½ ph±suvih±ra½ puccha– ‘subho m±ºavo todeyyaputto, bhavanta½ ±nanda½, app±b±dha½ app±taªka½ lahuµµh±na½ bala½ ph±suvih±ra½ pucchat²’ti, evañca vadehi s±dhu kira bhava½ ±nando yena subhassa m±ºavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesana½, tenupasaªkamatu anukampa½ up±d±y±”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 1.445) nidassane. “Ta½ ki½ maññatha, k±l±m±, ime dhamm± kusal± v± akusal± v±ti? Akusal±, bhante. S±vajj± v± anavajj± v±ti? S±vajj±, bhante. Viññugarahit± v± viññuppasatth± v±ti? Viññugarahit±, bhante. Samatt± sam±dinn± ahit±ya dukkh±ya sa½vattanti no v±, katha½ vo ettha hot²ti? Samatt±, bhante, sam±dinn± ahit±ya dukkh±ya sa½vattanti, eva½ no ettha hot²”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 3.66) avadh±raºe. Sv±yamidha ±k±ranidassan±vadh±raºesu daµµhabbo.

Tattha ±k±raµµhena eva½saddena etamattha½ d²peti– n±n±nayanipuºa½ anekajjh±sayasamuµµh±na½ atthabyañjanasampanna½ vividhap±µih±riya½ dhammatthadesan±paµivedhagambh²ra½ sabbasatt±na½ sakasakabh±s±nur³pato sotapatham±gacchanta½ tassa bhagavato vacana½ sabbappak±rena ko samattho viññ±tu½, sabbath±mena pana sotuk±mata½ janetv±pi eva½ me suta½, may±pi eken±k±rena sutanti.

Nidassanaµµhena “n±ha½ sayambh³, na may± ida½ sacchikatan”ti att±na½ parimocento eva½ me suta½, may±pi eva½ sutanti id±ni vattabba½ sakala½ sutta½ nidasseti.

Avadh±raºaµµhena “etadagga½, bhikkhave, mama s±vak±na½ bhikkh³na½ bahussut±na½ yadida½ ±nando, gatimant±na½, satimant±na½, dhitimant±na½, upaµµh±k±na½ yadida½ ±nando”ti (a. ni. 1.219-223) eva½ bhagavat±, “±yasm± ±nando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubb±parakusalo”ti (a. ni. 5.169) eva½ dhammasen±patin± ca pasatthabh±v±nur³pa½ attano dh±raºabala½ dassento satt±na½ sotukamyata½ janeti “eva½ me suta½, tañca kho atthato v± byañjanato v± an³namanadhika½, evameva na aññath± daµµhabban”ti.

Me-saddo t²su atthesu dissati. Tath± hissa “g±th±bhig²ta½ me abhojaneyyan”ti-±d²su (su. ni. 81) may±ti attho. “S±dhu me, bhante bhagav±, sa½khittena dhamma½ deset³”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 4.88) mayhanti attho. “Dhammad±y±d± me, bhikkhave, bhavath±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.29) mam±ti attho. Idha pana “may± sutan”ti ca “mama sutan”ti ca atthadvaye yujjati.

Sutanti aya½ suta-saddo sa-upasaggo ca anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinna-upacit±nuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadv±r±nus±raviññ±t±di-anekatthappabhedo. Tath± hissa “sen±ya pasuto”ti-±d²su gacchantoti attho. “Sutadhammassa passato”ti-±d²su (ud±. 11) vissutadhammass±ti attho, “avassut± avassutass±ti”±d²su (p±ci. 657) kilinn± kilinnass±ti attho. “Tumhehi puñña½ pasuta½ anappakan”ti-±d²su (khu. p±. 7.12) upacitanti attho. “Ye jh±napasut± dh²r±”ti-±d²su (dha. pa. 181) jh±n±nuyutt±ti attho. “Diµµha½ suta½ mutan”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. “Sutadharo sutasannicayo”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadv±r±nus±raviññ±tadharoti attho. Idha panassa sotadv±r±nus±rena “upadh±ritan”ti v± “upadh±raºan”ti v±ti attho. Me-saddassa hi may±ti atthe sati “eva½ may± suta½ sotadv±r±nus±rena upadh±ritan”ti yujjati. Mam±ti atthe sati “eva½ mama suta½ sotadv±r±nus±rena upadh±raºan”ti yujjati.

Evametesu t²su padesu evanti sotaviññ±º±diviññ±ºakiccanidassana½. Meti vuttaviññ±ºasamaªgipuggalanidassana½. Sutanti assavanabh±vappaµikkhepato an³n±nadhik±vipar²taggahaºanidassana½. Tath± evanti tass± sotadv±r±nus±rena pavatt±ya viññ±ºav²thiy± n±nappak±rena ±rammaºe pavattibh±vappak±sana½. Meti attappak±sana½. Sutanti dhammappak±sana½. Ayañhettha saªkhepo “n±nappak±rena ±rammaºe pavatt±ya viññ±ºav²thiy± may± na añña½ kata½, ida½ pana kata½, aya½ dhammo suto”ti.

Tath± evanti niddisitabbappak±sana½. Meti puggalappak±sana½. Sutanti puggalakiccappak±sana½. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– ya½ sutta½ niddisiss±mi, ta½ may± eva½ sutanti.

Tath± evanti yassa cittasant±nassa n±n±k±rappavattiy± n±natthabyañjanaggahaºa½ hoti, tassa n±n±k±raniddeso. Evanti hi aya½ ±k±rapaññatti, meti kattuniddeso, sutanti visayaniddeso. Ett±vat± n±n±k±rappavattena cittasant±nena ta½samaªgino kattuvisaye gahaºasanniµµh±na½ kata½ hoti.

Atha v± evanti puggalakiccaniddeso. Sutanti viññ±ºakiccaniddeso. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso. Aya½ panettha saªkhepo– may± savanakiccaviññ±ºasamaªgin± puggalena viññ±ºavasena laddhasavanakiccavoh±rena sutanti.

Tattha evanti ca meti ca saccikaµµhaparamatthavasena avijjam±napaññatti. Kiñhettha ta½ paramatthato atthi, ya½ evanti v± meti v± niddesa½ labhetha? Sutanti vijjam±napaññatti. Yañhi tamettha sotena upaladdha½, ta½ paramatthato vijjam±nanti.

Tath± evanti ca meti ca ta½ ta½ up±d±ya vattabbato up±d±paññatti. Sutanti diµµh±d²ni upanidh±ya vattabbato upanidh±paññatti. Ettha ca evanti vacanena asammoha½ d²peti. Na hi samm³¼ho n±nappak±rapaµivedhasamattho hoti. Sutanti vacanena sutassa asammosa½ d²peti. Yassa hi suta½ sammuµµha½ hoti na so k±lantarena may± sutanti paµij±n±ti. Iccassa asammohena paññ±siddhi, asammosena pana satisiddhi. Tattha paññ± pubbaªgam±ya satiy± byañjan±vadh±raºasamatthat±, satipubbaªgam±ya paññ±ya atthapaµivedhasamatthat±, tadubhayasamatthat±yogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anup±lanasamatthato dhammabhaº¹±g±rikattasiddhi.

Aparo nayo– evanti vacanena yoniso manasik±ra½ d²peti, ayoniso manasikaroto hi n±nappak±rapaµivedh±bh±vato. Sutanti vacanena avikkhepa½ d²peti, vikkhittacittassa savan±bh±vato. Tath± hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiy± vuccam±nopi “na may± suta½, puna bhaºath±”ti bhaºati. Yoniso manasik±rena cettha attasamm±paºidhi½ pubbe ca katapuññata½ s±dheti, samm± apaºihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa v± tadabh±vato. Avikkhepena pana saddhammassavana½ sappuris³panissayañca s±dheti. Na hi vikkhittacitto sotu½ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupassayam±nassa savana½ atth²ti.

Aparo nayo– yasm± evanti yassa cittasant±nassa n±n±k±rappavattiy± n±natthabyañjanaggahaºa½ hoti, tassa n±n±k±raniddesoti vutta½. So ca eva½ bhaddako ±k±ro na samm± appaºihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa v± hoti, tasm± evanti imin± bhaddakena ±k±rena pacchimacakkadvayasampatti½ attano d²peti, sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampatti½. Na hi appatir³padese vasato sappuris³panissayavirahitassa v± savana½ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiy± ±sayasuddhi siddh± hoti. Purimacakkadvayasiddhiy± payogasuddhi. T±ya ca ±sayasuddhiy± adhigamabyattisiddhi, payogasuddhiy± ±gamabyattisiddhi. Iti payog±sayasuddhassa ±gam±dhigamasampannassa vacana½ aruºugga½ viya s³riyassa udayato yonisomanasik±ro viya ca kusalakammassa arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaªgama½ bhavitunti µh±ne nid±na½ µhapento eva½ me sutanti-±dim±ha.

Aparo nayo– evanti imin± n±nappak±rapaµivedhad²pakena vacanena attano atthapaµibh±napaµisambhid±sampattisabbh±va½ d²peti. Sutanti imin± sotabbabhedapaµivedhad²pakena dhammaniruttipaµisambhid±sampattisabbh±va½ Evanti ca ida½ yonisomanasik±rad²paka½ vacana½ bh±sam±no– “ete may± dhamm± manas±nupekkhit± diµµhiy± suppaµividdh±”ti d²peti. Sutanti ida½ savanayogad²paka½ vacana½ bh±sam±no– “bah³ may± dhamm± sut± dh±t± vacas± paricit±”ti d²peti. Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanap±rip³ri½ d²pento savane ±dara½ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuººañhi dhamma½ ±darena assuºanto mahat± hit± parib±hiro hot²ti ±dara½ janetv± sakkacca½ dhammo sotabboti.

“Eva½ me sutan”ti imin± pana sakalena vacanena ±yasm± ±nando tath±gatappavedita½ dhamma½ attano adahanto asappurisabh³mi½ atikkamati, s±vakatta½ paµij±nanto sappurisabh³mi½ okkamati. Tath± asaddhamm± citta½ vuµµh±peti, saddhamme citta½ patiµµh±peti. “Kevala½ sutameveta½ may± tasseva pana bhagavato vacanan”ti d²pento att±na½ parimoceti, satth±ra½ apadisati, jinavacana½ appeti, dhammanetti½ patiµµh±peti.

Apica “eva½ me sutan”ti attan± upp±ditabh±va½ appaµij±nanto purimavacana½ vivaranto “sammukh± paµiggahitamida½ may± tassa bhagavato catuves±rajjavis±radassa dasabaladharassa ±sabhaµµh±naµµh±yino s²han±dan±dino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammar±jassa dhamm±dhipatino dhammad²passa dhammasaraºassa saddhammavaracakkavattino samm±sambuddhassa vacana½, na ettha atthe v± dhamme v± pade v± byañjane v± kaªkh± v± vimati v± kattabb±”ti sabbadevamanuss±na½ imasmi½ dhamme assaddhiya½ vin±seti, saddh±sampada½ upp±det²ti. Teneta½ vuccati–

“Vin±sayati assaddha½, saddha½ va¹¹heti s±sane;
eva½ me sutamicceva½, vada½ gotamas±vako”ti.

Ekanti gaºanaparicchedaniddeso. Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Eka½ samayanti aniyamitaparid²pana½. Tattha samayasaddo–

Samav±ye khaºe k±le, sam³he hetudiµµhisu;
paµil±bhe pah±ne ca, paµivedhe ca dissati.