¾h±rav±ravaººan±

90. S±dh±vusoti kho…pe… ±gato ima½ saddhammanti eva½ ±yasmato s±riputtassa kusal±kusalamukhena catusaccadesana½ sutv± ta½ ±yasmato s±riputtassa bh±sita½ “s±dh±vuso”ti imin± vacanena te bhikkh³ abhinanditv± imasseva vacanassa samuµµh±pakena cittena anumoditv± vacas± sampaµicchitv± cetas± sampiy±yitv±ti vutta½ hoti. Id±ni yasm± thero n±nappak±rena catusaccadesana½ desetu½ paµibalo, yath±ha “s±riputto, bhikkhave, pahoti catt±ri ariyasacc±ni vitth±rena ±cikkhitu½ desetun”ti yasm± v± uttarimpi desetuk±mova hutv± “ett±vat±pi kho”ti avaca, tasm± aparenapi nayena saccadesana½ sotuk±m± te bhikkh³ ±yasmanta½ s±riputta½ uttari½ pañha½ apucchi½su. Tena sayameva pucchitv± vissajjitapañhato uttari½ siy± kho pan±vuso, aññopi pariy±yo bhaveyya aññampi k±raºanti imin± nayena añña½ atireka½ pañha½ pucchi½su, purimapañhassa v± uparibh±ge pucchi½s³ti vutta½ hoti. Atha nesa½ by±karam±no thero siy±, ±vusoti-±dim±ha. Tatth±ya½ anutt±napadavaººan±, ±h±ranti paccaya½. Paccayo hi ±harati attano phala½, tasm± “±h±ro”ti vuccati.

Bh³t±na½ v± satt±nanti-±d²su bh³t±ti sañj±t±, nibbatt±. Sambhaves²nanti ye sambhava½ j±ti½ nibbatti½ esanti gavesanti. Tattha cat³su yon²su aº¹ajajal±buj± satt± y±va aº¹akosa½ vatthikosañca na bhindanti, t±va sambhavesino n±ma. Aº¹akosa½ vatthikosañca bhinditv± bahi nikkhant± bh³t± n±ma. Sa½sedaj± opap±tik± ca paµhamacittakkhaºe sambhavesino n±ma. Dutiyacittakkhaºato pabhuti bh³t± n±ma. Yena yena v± iriy±pathena j±yanti, y±va te tato añña½ na p±puºanti, t±va sambhavesino n±ma. Tato para½ bh³t± n±ma.

Atha v± bh³t±ti j±t± abhinibbatt±, ye bh³t±yeva na puna bhavissant²ti saªkhya½ gacchanti, tesa½ kh²º±sav±nameta½ adhivacana½. Sambhavamesant²ti sambhavesino. Appah²nabhavasa½yojanatt± ±yatimpi sambhava½ esant±na½ sekkhaputhujjan±nameta½ adhivacana½. Eva½ sabbath±pi imehi dv²hi padehi sabbasatte pariy±diyati. V±saddo cettha sampiº¹anattho, tasm± bh³t±nañca sambhaves²nañc±ti ayamattho veditabbo.

Ýhitiy±ti µhitattha½. Anuggah±y±ti anuggahattha½ upak±rattha½. Vacanabhedo cesa, attho pana dvinnampi pad±na½ ekoyeva. Atha v± µhitiy±ti tassa tassa sattassa uppannadhamm±na½ anuppabandhavasena avicched±ya. Anuggah±y±ti anuppann±na½ upp±d±ya. Ubhopi cet±ni bh³t±na½ µhitiy± ceva anuggah±ya ca. Sambhaves²na½ v± µhitiy± ceva anuggah±ya c±ti eva½ ubhayattha daµµhabb±ni. Kaba¼²k±ro ±h±roti kaba¼a½ katv± ajjhoharitabbato kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro, odanakumm±s±divatthuk±ya oj±yeta½ adhivacana½. O¼±riko v± sukhumo v±ti vatthu-o¼±rikat±ya o¼±riko, vatthusukhumat±ya sukhumo. Sabh±vena pana sukhumar³papariy±pannatt± kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro sukhumova hoti. S±pi cassa vatthuto o¼±rikat± sukhumat± ca up±d±yup±d±ya veditabb±.

Kumbh²l±nañhi ±h±ra½ up±d±ya mor±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Kumbh²l± kira p±s±ºe gilanti. Te ca nesa½ kucchippatt±va vil²yanti. Mor± sappavicchik±dip±ºe kh±danti. Mor±na½ pana ±h±ra½ up±d±ya taracch±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Te kira tivassacha¹¹it±ni vis±º±ni ceva aµµh²ni ca kh±danti. T±ni ca nesa½ khe¼ena temitamatteneva kandam³la½ viya muduk±ni honti. Taracch±nampi ±h±ra½ up±d±ya hatth²na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Tepi n±n±rukkhas±kh±yo kh±danti. Hatth²na½ ±h±rato gavayagokaººamig±d²na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Te kira niss±r±ni n±n±rukkhapaºº±d²ni kh±danti. Tesampi ±h±rato gunna½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Te allasukkhatiº±ni kh±danti. Tesa½ ±h±rato sas±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Sas±na½ ±h±rato sakuº±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Sakuº±na½ ±h±rato paccantav±s²na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Paccantav±s²na½ ±h±rato g±mabhojak±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. G±mabhojak±na½ ±h±rato r±jar±jamah±matt±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Tesampi ±h±rato cakkavattino ±h±ro sukhumo. Cakkavattino ±h±rato bhummadev±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Bhummadev±na½ ±h±rato c±tumah±r±jik±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo. Eva½ y±va paranimmitavasavatt²na½ ±h±ro vitth±retabbo, tesa½ ±h±ro sukhumotveva niµµha½ patto.

Ettha ca o¼±rike vatthusmi½ oj± paritt± hoti dubbal±, sukhume balavat². Tath± hi ekapattap³rampi y±gu½ p²vato muhutteneva jighacchito hoti, ya½kañcideva kh±dituk±mo. Sappi½ pana pasaµamatta½ pivitv± divasa½ abhottuk±mo hoti. Tattha vatthu parissama½ vinodeti, na pana sakkoti p±letu½. Oj± p±leti, na sakkoti parissama½ vinodetu½. Dve pana ekato hutv± parissamañceva vinodenti p±lenti c±ti.

Phasso dutiyoti cakkhusamphass±di chabbidhopi phasso. Etesu cat³su ±h±resu dutiyo ±h±roti veditabbo. Desan±nayo eva cesa. Tasm± imin± n±ma k±raºena dutiyo v± tatiyo v±ti idamettha na gavesitabba½. Manosañcetan±ti cetan± eva vuccati. Viññ±ºanti ya½kiñci citta½.

Etth±ha, yadi paccayaµµho ±h±raµµho, atha kasm± aññesupi satt±na½ paccayesu vijjam±nesu imeyeva catt±ro vutt±ti? Vuccate, ajjhattikasantatiy± visesapaccayatt±. Visesapaccayo hi kaba¼²k±r±h±rabhakkh±na½ satt±na½ r³pak±yassa kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro. N±mak±ye vedan±ya phasso, viññ±ºassa manosañcetan±, n±mar³passa viññ±ºa½. Yath±ha–

“Seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, aya½ k±yo ±h±raµµhitiko, ±h±ra½ paµicca tiµµhati, an±h±ro no tiµµhati. Tath± phassapaccay± vedan±, saªkh±rapaccay± viññ±ºa½, viññ±ºapaccay± n±mar³pan”ti.

Ko panettha ±h±ro, ki½ ±harat²ti? Kaba¼²k±r±h±ro ojaµµhamakar³p±ni ±harati. Phass±h±ro tisso vedan±, manosañcetan±h±ro tayo bhave, viññ±º±h±ro paµisandhin±mar³panti.

Katha½? Kaba¼²k±r±h±ro t±va mukhe µhapitamattoyeva aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±peti. Dantavicuººita½ pana ajjhohariyam±na½ ekeka½ sittha½ aµµhaµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±petiyeva. Eva½ ojaµµhamakar³p±ni ±harati.

Phass±h±ro pana sukhavedaniyo phasso uppajjam±no sukhavedana½ ±harati, tath± dukkhavedaniyo dukkha½, adukkhamasukhavedaniyo adukkhamasukhanti eva½ sabbath±pi phass±h±ro tisso vedan± ±harati.

Manosañcetan±h±ro k±mabhav³paga½ kamma½ k±mabhava½ ±harati, r³p±r³pabhav³pag±ni ta½ ta½ bhava½. Eva½ sabbath±pi manosañcetan±h±ro tayo bhave ±harati.

Viññ±º±h±ro pana ye ca paµisandhikkhaºe ta½sampayuttak± tayo khandh±, y±ni ca tisantativasena ti½sar³p±ni uppajjanti, sahaj±t±dipaccayanayena t±ni ±harat²ti vuccati. Eva½ viññ±º±h±ro paµisandhin±mar³pa½ ±harat²ti.

Ettha ca manosañcetan±h±ro tayo bhave ±harat²ti s±sav± kusal±kusalacetan±va vutt±. Viññ±ºa½ paµisandhin±mar³pa½ ±harat²ti paµisandhiviññ±ºameva vutta½ Avisesena pana ta½sampayuttata½samuµµh±nadhamm±na½ ±haraºato pete ±h±r±ti veditabb±.

Etesu cat³su ±h±resu kaba¼²k±r±h±ro upatthambhento ±h±rakicca½ s±dheti. Phasso phusantoyeva, manosañcetan± ±y³ham±n±va. Viññ±ºa½ vij±nantameva.

Katha½? Kaba¼²k±r±h±ro hi upatthambhentoyeva k±yaµµhapanena satt±na½ µhitiy± hoti. Kammajanitopi hi aya½ k±yo kaba¼²k±r±h±rena upatthambhito dasapi vass±ni vassasatampi y±va ±yuparim±ºa½ tiµµhati. Yath± ki½? Yath± m±tuy± janitopi d±rako dh±tiy± thaññ±d²ni p±yetv± posiyam±nova cira½ tiµµhati, yath± cupatthambhena upatthambhitageha½. Vuttampi ceta½–

“Yath± mah±r±ja gehe patante aññena d±run± upatthambhenti, aññena d±run± upatthambhita½ santa½ eva½ ta½ geha½ na patati, evameva kho mah±r±ja aya½ k±yo ±h±raµµhitiko, ±h±ra½ paµicca tiµµhat²”ti.

Eva½ kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro upatthambhento ±h±rakicca½ s±dheti. Eva½ s±dhentopi ca kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro dvinna½ r³pasantat²na½ paccayo hoti ±h±rasamuµµh±nassa ca up±dinnassa ca. Kammaj±na½ anup±lako hutv± paccayo hoti. ¾h±rasamuµµh±n±na½ janako hutv± paccayo hoti.

Phasso pana sukh±divatthubh³ta½ ±rammaºa½ phusantoyeva sukh±divedan±pavattanena satt±na½ µhitiy± hoti. Manosañcetan± kusal±kusalakammavasena ±y³ham±n±yeva bhavam³lanipph±danato satt±na½ µhitiy± hoti. Viññ±ºa½ vij±nantameva n±mar³pappavattanena satt±na½ µhitiy± hoti.

Eva½ upatthambhan±divasena ±h±rakicca½ s±dhayam±nesu panetesu catt±ri bhay±ni daµµhabb±ni. Seyyathida½, kaba¼²k±r±h±re nikantiyeva bhaya½, phasse upagamanameva, manosañcetan±ya ±y³hanameva, viññ±ºe abhinip±toyeva bhayanti. Ki½ k±raº±? Kaba¼²k±r±h±re hi nikanti½ katv± s²t±d²na½ purekkhat± satt± ±h±ratth±ya mudd±gaºan±dikamm±ni karont± anappaka½ dukkha½ nigacchanti. Ekacce ca imasmi½ s±sane pabbajitv±pi vejjakamm±dik±ya anesan±ya ±h±ra½ pariyesant± diµµhepi dhamme g±rayh± honti. Sampar±yepi tassa saªgh±µipi ±ditt± sampajjalit±ti-±din± lakkhaºasa½yutte vuttanayena samaºapet± honti. Imin±va t±va k±raºena kaba¼²k±r±h±re nikantiyeva bhayanti veditabb±.

Phassa½ upagacchant±pi phassass±dino paresa½ rakkhitagopitesu d±r±d²su bhaº¹esu aparajjhanti. Te saha bhaº¹ena bhaº¹as±mik± gahetv± khaº¹±khaº¹ika½ v± chinditv± saªk±rak³µesu cha¹¹enti. Rañño v± niyy±tenti. Tato ne r±j± vividh± kammak±raº± k±r±peti. K±yassa ca bhed± duggati nesa½ p±µikaªkh± hoti. Iti phassass±dam³laka½ diµµhadhammikampi sampar±yikampi bhaya½ sabbam±gatameva hoti. Imin± k±raºena phass±h±re upagamanameva bhayanti veditabba½.

Kusal±kusalakamm±y³haneneva pana tamm³laka½ t²su bhavesu bhaya½ sabbam±gata½yeva hoti. Imin± k±raºena manosañcetan±h±re ±y³hanameva bhayanti veditabba½.

Paµisandhiviññ±ºañca yasmi½ yasmi½ µh±ne abhinipatati, tasmi½ tasmi½ µh±ne paµisandhin±mar³pa½ gahetv±va nibbattati, tasmiñca nibbatte sabbabhay±ni nibbatt±niyeva honti, tamm³lakatt±ti, imin± k±raºena viññ±º±h±re abhinip±toyeva bhayanti veditabbo.

Eva½ sabhayesu pana imesu ±h±resu samm±sambuddho kaba¼²k±r±h±re nikantipariy±d±nattha½ “seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, dve j±yampatik±”ti-±din± (sa½. ni. 2.63) nayena puttama½s³pama½ desesi. Phass±h±re nikantipariy±d±nattha½ “seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, g±v² niccamm±”ti-±din± nayena niccammag±v³pama½ desesi. Manosañcetan±h±re nikantipariy±d±nattha½ “seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, aªg±rak±s³”ti-±din± nayena aªg±rak±s³pama½ desesi. Viññ±º±h±re nikantipariy±d±nattha½ “seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, cora½ ±guc±rin”ti-±din± nayena sattisat±hat³pama½ desesi.

Tatr±ya½ bh³tamattha½ katv± saªkhepato atthayojan±, dve kira j±yampatik± putta½ gahetv± parittena p±theyyena yojanasatika½ kant±ramagga½ paµipajji½su. Tesa½ paññ±sa yojan±ni gantv± p±theyya½ niµµh±si. Te khuppip±s±tur± vira¼acch±y±ya½ nis²di½su. Tato puriso bhariya½ ±ha “bhadde ito samant± paññ±sa yojan±ni g±mo v± nigamo v± natthi, tasm± ya½ ta½ purisena k±tabba½ bahumpi kasigorakkh±dikamma½, na d±ni sakk± ta½ may± k±tu½, ehi ma½ m±retv± upa¹¹hama½sa½ kh±ditv± upa¹¹ha½ p±theyya½ katv± puttena saddhi½ kant±ra½ nitthar±h²”ti. S±pi ±ha “s±mi may± d±ni ya½ ta½ itthiy± k±tabba½ bahumpi suttakantan±dikamma½, ta½ k±tu½ na sakk±, ehi ma½ m±retv± upa¹¹hama½sa½ kh±ditv± upa¹¹ha½ p±theyya½ katv± puttena saddhi½ kant±ra½ nitthar±h²”ti. Tato so ta½ ±ha “bhadde m±tug±mamaraºena dvinna½ maraºa½ paññ±yati. Na hi mando kum±ro m±tara½ vin± j²vitu½ sakkoti. Yadi pana maya½ j²v±ma, puna d±raka½ labheyy±ma, handa d±ni puttaka½ m±retv± ma½sa½ gahetv± kant±ra½ nitthar±m±”ti.

Tato m±t± puttam±ha “t±ta pitu santika½ gacch±h²”ti. So agam±si. Athassa pit± “may± puttaka½ posess±m²ti kasigorakkh±d²hi anappaka½ dukkhamanubh³ta½, na sakkomi putta½ m±retu½, tva½yeva tava puttaka½ m±reh²”ti vatv± “t±ta m±tusantikameva gacch±h²”ti ±ha. So agam±si. Athassa m±t±pi “may± putta½ patthentiy± govatakukkuravatadevat±y±can±d²hipi t±va anappaka½ dukkha½ anubh³ta½, ko pana v±do kucchin± pariharantiy±? Na sakk±ha½ putta½ m±retun”ti vatv± “t±ta pitusantika½yeva gacch±h²”ti ±ha. Eva½ so dvinna½ antar± gacchantoyeva mato. Te ta½ disv± paridevitv± pubbe vuttanayeneva ma½s±ni gahetv± kh±dant± pakkami½su. Tesa½ so puttama½s±h±ro navahi k±raºehi paµikulatt± neva dav±ya hoti, na mad±ya na maº¹an±ya na vibh³san±ya, kevala½ kant±ranittharaºatth±yeva hoti.

Katamehi navahi k±raºehi paµik³loti ce? Saj±tima½sat±ya ñ±tima½sat±ya puttama½sat±ya piyaputtama½sat±ya taruºama½sat±ya ±makama½sat±ya agorasama½sat±ya aloºat±ya adh³pitat±y±ti. Tasm± yo bhikkhu kaba¼²k±r±h±ra½ eva½ puttama½sasadisa½ passati so tattha nikanti½ pariy±diyati. Aya½ t±va puttama½s³pam±ya½ atthayojan±.

Niccammag±v³pam±ya½ pana yath± s± g±v² g²vato y±va khur±, t±va camma½ udd±letv± mutt± ya½ yadeva niss±ya tiµµhati, tattha p±ºakehi khajjam±n± dukkhassev±dhikaraºa½ hoti, eva½ phassopi ya½ yadeva vatthu½ ±rammaºa½ v± niss±ya tiµµhati, ta½ta½vatth±rammaºasambhavassa vedayitadukkhassa adhikaraºameva hoti. Tasm± yo bhikkhu phass±h±ra½ eva½ niccammag±visadisa½ passati so tattha nikanti½ pariy±diyati, aya½ niccammag±v³pam±ya½ atthayojan±.

Aªg±rak±s³pam±ya½ pana yath± s± aªg±rak±su, eva½ mah±pari¼±haµµhena tayo bhav±. Yath± n±n±b±h±su gahetv± tattha upaka¹¹hak± dve puris±, eva½ bhavesu upaka¹¹hanaµµhena manosañcetan±. Tasm± yo bhikkhu manosañcetan±h±ra½ eva½ aªg±rak±s³paka¹¹hakapurisasadisa½ passati, so tattha nikanti½ pariy±diyati, aya½ aªg±rak±s³pam±ya½ atthayojan±.

Sattisat±hat³pam±ya½ pana yena so puriso pubbaºhasamaye sattisatena haññati, tamassa sar²re vaºamukhasata½ katv± antar± aµµhatv± vinivijjhitv± aparabh±geyeva patati, eva½ itar±ni dve sattisat±ni, evamassa patitok±se apatitv± apatitv± gat±hi satt²hi sabbasar²ra½ chidd±vachiddameva hoti, tassa ekavaºamukhepi uppannassa dukkhassa pam±ºa½ natthi, ko pana v±do t²su vaºamukhasatesu? Tattha sattinip±tak±lo viya paµisandhiviññ±ºanibbattak±lo. Vaºamukhajanana½ viya khandhajanana½. Vaºamukhesu dukkhavedanupp±do viya j±tesu khandhesu vaµµam³lakan±n±vidhadukkhupp±do. Aparo nayo, ±guc±r² puriso viya paµisandhiviññ±ºa½. Tassa sattigh±tehi uppannavaºamukh±ni viya viññ±ºapaccay± n±mar³pa½. Vaºamukhapaccay± tassa purisassa kakkha¼adukkhupp±do viya n±mar³papaccay± viññ±ºassa dvatti½sakammak±raºa-aµµhanavutirog±divasena n±nappak±rakadukkhupp±do daµµhabbo. Tasm± yo bhikkhu viññ±º±h±ra½ eva½ sattisat±hatasadisa½ passati. So tattha nikanti½ pariy±diyati, aya½ sattisat±hat³pam±ya½ atthayojan±.

So eva½ imesu ±h±resu nikanti½ pariy±diyanto catt±ropi ±h±re parij±n±ti, yesu pariññ±tesu sabbampi pariññ±ta½ vatthu pariññ±tameva hoti. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Kaba¼²k±re, bhikkhave, ±h±re pariññ±te pañcak±maguºiko r±go pariññ±to hoti. Pañcak±maguºike r±ge pariññ±te natthi ta½ sa½yojana½, yena sa½yojanena sa½yutto ariyas±vako puna ima½ loka½ ±gaccheyya. Phasse, bhikkhave, ±h±re pariññ±te tisso vedan± pariññ±t± honti. T²su vedan±su pariññ±t±su ariyas±vakassa natthi kiñci uttarikaraº²yanti vad±mi. Manosañcetan±ya, bhikkhave, ±h±re pariññ±te tisso taºh± pariññ±t± honti. T²su taºh±su pariññ±t±su ariyas±vakassa natthi kiñci uttarikaraº²yanti vad±mi. Viññ±ºe, bhikkhave, ±h±re pariññ±te n±mar³pa½ pariññ±ta½ hoti. N±mar³pe pariññ±te ariyas±vakassa natthi kiñci uttarikaraº²yanti vad±m²”ti (sa½. ni. 2.63).

Taºh±samuday± ±h±rasamudayoti purimataºh±samuday± paµisandhik±na½ ±h±r±na½ samudayo nibbatto hot²ti attho. Katha½? Paµisandhikkhaºe hi tisantativasena uppannasamati½sar³pabbhantare j±t± oj± atthi. Aya½ taºh±paccay± nibbatto up±dinnakakaba¼²k±r±h±ro. Paµisandhicittasampayutt± pana phassacetan± sayañca citta½ viññ±ºanti ime taºh±paccay± nibbatt± up±dinnakaphassamanosañcetan± viññ±º±h±r±ti. Eva½ t±va purimataºh±samuday± paµisandhik±na½ ±h±r±na½ samudayo veditabbo. Yasm± panidha up±dinnak±pi anup±dinnak±pi ±h±r± missetv± kathit±, tasm± anup±dinnak±nampi eva½ taºh±samuday± ±h±rasamudayo veditabbo Aµµhalobhasahagatacittasamuµµhitesu hi r³pesu oj± atthi, aya½ sahaj±tataºh±paccay± nibbatto anup±dinnakakaba¼²k±r±h±ro. Lobhasahagatacittasampayutt± pana phassacetan± sayañca citta½ viññ±ºanti ime taºh±paccay± nibbatt± anup±dinnakaphassamanosañcetan± viññ±º±h±r±ti.

Taºh±nirodh± ±h±ranirodhoti imiss± up±dinnak±nañca anup±dinnak±nañca ±h±r±na½ paccayabh³t±ya taºh±ya nirodhena ±h±ranirodho paññ±yati. Sesa½ vuttanayameva. Aya½ pana viseso, idha catt±ripi sacc±ni sar³peneva vutt±ni. Yath± ca idha, eva½ ito uttarimpi sabbav±res³ti. Tasm± sabbattha asammuyhantena sacc±ni uddharitabb±ni. Sabbav±resu ca “ett±vat±pi kho ±vuso”ti ida½ desan±niyy±tana½ tattha tattha desitadhammavasena yojetabba½. Tassa idha t±va aya½ yojan± ett±vat±p²ti im±ya ±h±radesan±ya vuttamanasik±rappaµivedhavasen±p²ti vutta½ hoti. Esa nayo sabbatth±pi.

¾h±rav±ravaººan± niµµhit±.