Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm±sambuddhassa.

Sa½yuttanik±ye

Nid±navaggaµ²k±

1. Nid±nasa½yutta½

1. Buddhavaggo

1. Paµiccasamupp±dasuttavaººan±

1. Dutiyasutt±d²nipi paµiccasamupp±davaseneva desit±n²ti ±ha “paµhama½ paµiccasamupp±dasuttan”ti. Tatr±ti pada½ ye desak±l± idha viharaºakiriy±ya visesanabh±vena vutt±, tesa½ parid²pananti dassento “ya½ samaya½…pe… d²pet²”ti ±ha. Ta½-saddo hi vuttassa atthassa paµiniddeso, tasm± idha desassa k±lassa v± paµiniddeso bhavitu½ arahati, na aññassa. Aya½ t±va tatrasaddassa paµiniddesabh±ve atthavibh±van±. Yasm± pana ²disesu µh±nesu tatrasaddo dhammadesan±visiµµha½ desa½ k±lañca vibh±veti, tasm± vutta½ “bh±sitabbayutte v± desak±le”ti Tena tatr±ti yattha bhagav± dhammadesanattha½ bhikkh³ ±lapi abh±si, t±dise dese, k±le v±ti attho. Na h²ti-±din± tamevattha½ samattheti.

Nanu ca yattha µhito bhagav± “ak±lo kho t±v±”ti-±din± b±hiyassa dhammadesana½ paµikkhipi, tattheva antarav²thiya½ µhitova tassa dhamma½ deses²ti? Saccameta½. Adesetabbak±le adesan±ya hi ida½ ud±haraºa½. Ten±ha “ak±lo kho t±v±”ti. Ya½ pana tattha vutta½ “antaraghara½ paviµµhamh±”ti, tampi tassa ak±labh±vasseva pariy±yena dassanattha½ vutta½. Tassa hi tad± addh±naparissamena r³pak±ye akammaññat± ahosi, balavap²tivegena n±mak±ye. Tadubhayassa v³pasama½ ±gamento papañcaparih±rattha½ bhagav± “ak±lo kho”ti pariy±yena paµikkhipi. Adesetabbadese adesan±ya pana ud±haraºa½ “atha kho bhagav± magg± okkamma aññatarasmi½ rukkham³le nis²di, vih±rato nikkhamitv± vih±rapacch±y±ya½ paññatte ±sane nis²d²”ti evam±dika½ idha ±disaddena saªgahita½. “Sa kho so bhikkhave b±lo idha p±p±ni kamm±ni karitv±”ti evam±d²su (ma. ni. 3.248) padap³raºamatte kho-saddo, “dukkha½ kho ag±ravo viharati appatisso”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 4.21) avadh±raºe, “kitt±vat± nu kho, ±vuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato s±vak± viveka½ n±nusikkhant²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.31) ±dik±latthe, v±ky±rambheti attho. Tattha padap³raºena vacan±laªk±ramatta½ kata½ hoti, ±dik±latthena v±kyassa upaññ±samatta½, avadh±raºatthena pana niyamadassana½. “Tasm± ±mantesi ev±”ti ±mantane niyamo dassito hot²ti.

“Bhagav±ti lokagarud²panan”ti kasm± vutta½, nanu pubbe “bhagav±”ti pada½ vuttanti? Yadipi pubbe vutta½, ta½ pana yath±vuttaµµh±ne viharaºakiriy±ya kattuvisesadassanapara½, na ±mantanakiriy±ya, idha pana ±mantanakiriy±ya, tasm± tadattha½ puna bhagav±ti p±¼iya½ vuttanti. Tassattha½ dassetu½ “bhagav±ti lokagarud²panan”ti ±ha. Kath±savanayuttapuggalavacananti vakkham±n±ya paµiccasamupp±dadesan±ya savanayogyapuggalavacana½. Cat³supi paris±su bhikkh³ eva edis±na½ desan±na½ visesena bh±janabh³t±ti s±tisayena s±sanasampaµigg±hakabh±vadassanattha½ idha bhikkhugahaºanti dassetv± id±ni saddattha½ dassetu½ “apic±”ti ±ha. Tattha bhikkhakoti bhikkh³ti bhikkhanas²latt± bhikkhanadhammatt± bhikkh³ti attho. Bhikkh±cariya½ ajjhupagatoti buddh±d²hipi ajjhupagata½ bhikkh±cariya½ uñch±cariya½ ajjhupagatatt± anuµµhitatt± bhikkhu. Yo hi koci appa½ v± mahanta½ v± bhogakkhandha½ pah±ya ag±rasm± anag±riya½ pabbajito, so kasigorakkh±d²hi j²vikakappana½ hitv± liªgasampaµicchaneneva bhikkh±cariya½ ajjhupagatatt± bhikkhu. Parapaµibaddhaj²vikatt± v± vih±ramajjhe k±jabhatta½ bhuñjam±nopi bhikkh±cariya½ ajjhupagatoti bhikkhu piº¹iy±lopabhojana½ niss±ya pabbajj±ya uss±haj±tatt± v± bhikkh±cariya½ ajjhupagatoti bhikkh³ti evamettha attho daµµhabbo.

¾din± nayen±ti “bhinnapaµadharoti bhikkhu, bhindati p±pake akusale dhammeti bhikkhu, bhinnatt± p±pak±na½ akusal±na½ dhamm±na½ bhikkh³”ti-±din± vibhaªge (vibha. 509) ±gatanayena. ѱpaneti avabodhane, paµivedaneti attho. Bhikkhanas²lat±, na kasiv±ºijj±d²hi j²vanas²lat±. Bhikkhanadhammat± “uddissa ariy± tiµµhant²”ti (j±. 1.7.59) eva½ vuttabhikkhanasabh±vat±, na y±can±kohaññasabh±vat±. Bhikkhane s±dhuk±rit± “uttiµµhe nappamajjeyy±”ti (dha. pa. 168) vacana½ anussaritv± tattha appamajjat±. Atha v± s²la½ n±ma pakatisabh±vo. Idha pana tath±dhiµµh±na½. Dhammoti vata½. Apare pana “s²la½ n±ma vatavasena sam±d±na½. Dhammo n±ma paveºi-±gata½ c±ritta½. S±dhuk±rit± sakkaccak±rit± ±darakiriy±”ti vaººenti.

H²n±dhikajanasevitavuttinti ye bhikkhubh±ve µhit±pi j±timad±divasena uddhat± unna¼±, ye ca gihibh±ve paresu atthikabh±vampi anupagatat±ya bhikkh±cariya½ paramak±pañña½ maññanti, tesa½ ubhayesampi yath±kkama½ “bhikkhavo”ti vacanena h²najanehi daliddehi paramak±paññata½ pattehi parakulesu bhikkh±cariy±ya j²vika½ kappentehi sevita½ vutti½ pak±sento uddhatabh±vaniggaha½ karoti, adhikajanehi u¼±rabhogakhattiyakul±dito pabbajitehi buddh±d²hi ±j²vasodhanattha½ sevita½ vutti½ pak±sento d²nabh±vaniggaha½ karot²ti yojetabba½. Yasm± “bhikkhavo”ti vacana½ ±mantanabh±vato abhimukh²karaºa½, pakaraºato s±matthiyato ca suss³s±janana½, sakkaccasavanamanasik±raniyojanañca hoti, tasm± tamattha½ dassento “bhikkhavoti imin±”ti-±dim±ha.

Tattha s±dhuka½ manasik±rep²ti s±dhuka½ savane s±dhuka½ manasik±re ca. Katha½ pavattit± savan±dayo s±dhuka½ pavattit± hont²ti? “Addh± im±ya paµipattiy± sakalas±sanasampatti hatthagat± bhavissat²”ti ±darag±ravayogena kath±d²su aparibhav±din± ca. Vuttañhi “pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samann±gato suºanto saddhamma½ bhabbo niy±ma½ okkamitu½ kusalesu dhammesu sammatta½. Katamehi pañcahi? Na katha½ paribhoti, na kathika½ paribhoti, na att±na½ paribhoti avikkhittacitto dhamma½ suº±ti ekaggacitto, yoniso ca manasi karoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samann±gato suºanto saddhamma½ bhabbo niy±ma½ okkamitu½ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti (a. ni. 5.151). Ten±ha “s±dhuka½ manasik±r±yatt± hi s±sanasampatt²”ti. S±sanasampatti n±ma s²l±dinipphatti. Paµhama½ uppannatt± adhigamavasena. Satthucariy±nuvidh±yakatt± s²l±diguº±nuµµh±nena. Tiººa½ y±n±na½ vasena anudhammapaµipattisambhavato sakalas±sanapaµigg±hakatt±.

Santikatt±ti sam²pabh±vato. Santik±vacaratt±ti sabbak±la½ sa½vuttibh±vato. Yath±nusiµµhanti anus±saniy±nur³pa½, anus±sani½ anavasesato paµiggahetv±ti attho. Ekacce bhikkh³ti ye paµiccasamupp±dadhamme desan±pasut±, te. Pubbe “sabbaparisas±dh±raº± hi bhagavato dhammadesan±”ti-±din± bhikkh³na½ eva ±mantanak±raºa½ dassetv± id±ni bhikkh³ ±mantetv± dhammadesan±ya payojana½ dassetu½ kimattha½ pana bhagav±ti codana½ samuµµh±peti. Tattha añña½ cintent±ti aññavihit±. Vikkhittacitt±ti asam±hitacitt±. Dhamma½ paccavekkhant±ti hiyyo tato paradivasesu v± sutadhamma½ pati manas± avekkhant±. Bhikkh³ ±mantetv± dhamme desiyam±ne ±dito paµµh±ya desana½ sallakkhetu½ sakkot²ti imamevattha½ byatirekamukhena dassetu½ “te an±mantetv±”ti-±di vutta½.

Bhikkhavoti ca sandhivasena i-k±ralopo daµµhabbo “bhikkhavo it²”ti, ayañhi itisaddo hetuparisam±pan±dipadatthavipariy±yapak±r±vadh±raºanidassan±di-anekatthapabhedo. Tath± hesa “ruppat²ti kho, bhikkhave, tasm± ‘r³pan’ti vuccat²”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 3.79) hetumhi dissati, “tasm±tiha me, bhikkhave, dhammad±y±d± bhavatha, m± ±misad±y±d±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.29) parisam±pane, “iti v± evar³p± vis³kadassan± paµivirato”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 1.13) ±di-atthe “m±gaº¹iyoti tassa br±hmaºassa saªkh± samaññ± paññatti voh±ro n±ma½ n±makamma½ n±madheyya½ nirutti byañjana½ abhil±po”ti-±d²su (mah±ni. 73, 75) padatthavipariy±ye, “iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaµibhayo b±lo, appaµibhayo paº¹ito. Sa-upaddavo b±lo, anupaddavo paº¹ito”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 3.124) pak±re, “atthi idappaccay± jar±maraºanti iti puµµhena sat±, ±nanda, atth²tissa vacan²ya½. Ki½ paccay± jar±maraºanti iti ce vadeyya, j±tipaccay± jar±maraºanti iccassa vacan²yan”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.96) avadh±raºe, “sabbamatth²ti kho, kacc±na, ayameko anto, sabba½ natth²ti aya½ dutiyo anto”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 2.15; 3.90) nidassane Idh±pi nidassane eva daµµhabbo. Bhikkhavoti ±mantan±k±ro tamesa iti-saddo nidasseti “bhikkhavoti ±mantes²”ti. Imin± nayena bhaddanteti-±d²supi yath±raha½ itisaddassa attho veditabbo.

Pubbe “bhagav± ±mantes²”ti vuttatt± bhagavato paccassosunti idha bhagavatoti s±mivacana½ ±mantanameva sambandh²-antara½ apekkhat²ti imin± adhipp±yena “bhagavato ±mantana½ paµi-assosun”ti vutta½. Bhagavatoti ida½ pana paµissavasambandhena sampad±navacana½. Ett±vat± ya½ k±ladesadesakaparis±padesapaµimaº¹ita½ nid±na½ bh±sitanti sambandho. Etth±ha– kimattha½ pana dhammavinayasaªgahe kariyam±ne nid±navacana½, nanu bhagavat± bh±sitavacanasseva saªgaho k±tabboti? Vuccate– desan±ya µhiti-asammosasaddheyyabh±vasamp±danattha½. K±ladesadesakanimittaparis±padesehi upanibandhitv± µhapit± hi desan± ciraµµhitik± hoti asammosadhamm± saddheyy± ca, desak±lakattusotunimittehi upanibandho viya voh±ravinicchayo. Teneva c±yasmat± mah±kassapena “paµiccasamupp±dasutta½, ±vuso ±nanda, kattha bh±sitan”ti-±din± des±dipucch±su kat±su t±sa½ vissajjana½ karontena dhammabhaº¹±g±rikena “eva½ me sutan”ti ±yasmat± ±nandena imassa suttassa nid±na½ bh±sita½.

Apica satthu sampattipak±sanattha½ nid±navacana½. Tath±gatassa hi bhagavato pubbaracan±num±n±gamatakk±bh±vato samm±sambuddhabh±vasiddhi. Na hi samm±sambuddhassa pubbaracan±d²hi attho atthi, sabbattha appaµihatañ±ºac±rat±ya ekappam±ºatt± ca ñeyyadhammesu. Tath± ±cariyamuµµhidhammamacchariyasatthus±vak±nurodh±bh±vato kh²º±savattasiddhi. Na hi sabbaso kh²º±savassa te sambhavant²ti suvisuddh± cassa par±nuggahappavatti, eva½ desakasa½kilesabh³t±na½ diµµhis²lasampad±d³sak±na½ avijj±taºh±na½ accant±bh±vasa½s³cakehi ñ±ºasampad±pah±nasampad±bhibyañjanakehi ca sa½buddhavisuddhabh±vehi purimaves±rajjadvayasiddhi, tato eva ca antar±yikaniyy±nikadhammesu sammoh±bh±vasiddhito pacchimaves±rajjadvayasiddh²ti bhagavato catuves±rajjasamann±gamo attahitaparahitapaµipatti ca nid±navacanena pak±sit± hoti, tattha tattha sampattaparis±ya ajjh±say±nur³pa½ µh±nuppattikapaµibh±nena dhammadesan±d²panato, idha pana m³ladvayavasena antadvayarahitassa tisandhik±labandhassa catubbidhanayasaªkhepagambh²rabh±vayuttassa paµiccasamupp±dassa bodhiy± nidassanato c±ti yojetabba½. Tena vutta½ “satthu sampattipak±sanattha½ nid±navacanan”ti.