10. Paccayasuttavaººan±
20. Sabbampi saªkhata½ appaµicca uppanna½ n±ma natth²ti paccayadhammopi attano paccayadhamma½ up±d±ya paccayuppanno, tath± paccayuppannadhammopi attano paccayuppanna½ up±d±ya paccayadhammoti yath±raha½ dhamm±na½ paccayapaccayuppannat±. Yesa½ vineyy±na½ paµiccasamupp±dadesan±yeva subodhato upaµµh±ti, tesa½ vasena suµµhu vibh±ga½ katv± paµiccasamupp±do desito. Yesa½ pana vineyy±na½ tadubhayasmi½ vibhajja sute eva dhamm±bhisamayo hoti, te sandh±ya bhagav± tadubhaya½ vibhajja dassento “paµiccasamupp±dañca vo, bhikkhave, desess±mi paµiccasamuppanne ca dhamme”ti ima½ desana½ ±rabh²ti imamattha½ vibh±vento “satth± imasmi½ sutte”ti-±dim±ha. Paccayassa bh±vo paccayatta½, paccayanibbattat±. Asabh±vadhamme na labbhat²ti “sabh±vadhamme”ti vutta½. Nanu ca j±ti jar± maraºañca sabh±vadhammo na hoti, yesa½ pana khandh±na½ j±ti jar± maraºañca, te eva sabh±vadhamm±, atha kasm± desan±ya te gahit±ti? N±ya½ doso, j±ti jar± maraºañhi paccayanibbatt±na½ sabh±vadhamm±na½ vik±ramatta½, naññesa½, tasm± te gahit±ti. Upp±d± v± tath±gat±nanti na vineyyapuggal±na½ maggaphaluppatti viya j±tipaccay± jar±maraºuppatti tath±gatupp±d±yatt±, atha kho s± tath±gat±na½ upp±depi anupp±depi hotiyeva. Tasm± s± k±ma½ asaªkhat± viya dh±tu na nicc±, tath±pi “sabbak±lik±”ti etena j±tipaccayato jar±maraºuppatt²ti dasseti. Ten±ha “j±tiyeva jar±maraºassa paccayo”ti. J±tipaccay±ti ca j±tisaªkh±tapaccay±. Hetumhi nissakkavacana½. Ýhit±va s± dh±tu, y±ya½ idappaccayat± j±tiy± jar±maraºassa paccayat± tassa byabhic±r±bh±vato. Id±ni na kad±ci j±ti jar±maraºassa paccayo na hoti hotiyev±ti jar±maraºassa paccayabh±ve niyameti. Ubhayenapi yath±vuttassa paccayabh±vo yattha hoti, tattha avassa½bh±vita½ dasseti. Ten±ha bhagav± “µhit±va s± dh±t³”ti. Dv²hi padehi. Tiµµhant²ti yassa vasena dhamm±na½ µhiti, s± idappaccayat± dhammaµµhitat±. Dhammeti paccayuppanne dhamme. Niyameti viseseti. Hetugatavisesasam±yogo hi hetuphalassa eva½ dhammat±niy±mo ev±ti. Aparo nayo– µhit±va s± dh±t³ti y±ya½ jar±maraºassa idappaccayat± “j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti, es± dh±tu esa sabh±vo. Tath±gat±na½ upp±dato pubbe uddhañca appaµivijjhiyam±no, majjhe ca paµivijjhiyam±no na tath±gatehi upp±dito, atha kho sambhavantassa jar±maraºassa sabbak±la½ j±tipaccayato sambhavoti µhit±va s± dh±tu, kevala½ pana sayambhuñ±ºena abhisambujjhanato “aya½ dhammo tath±gatena abhisambuddho”ti pavedanato ca tath±gato “dhammas±m²”ti vuccati, na apubbassa upp±danato. Tena vutta½ “µhit±va s± dh±t³”ti. S± eva “j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti ettha vipall±s±bh±vato eva½ avabujjham±nassa etassa sabh±vassa, hetuno v± tatheva bh±vato µhitat±ti dhammaµµhitat±, j±ti v± jar±maraºassa upp±daµµhiti pavatta-±y³hana-sa½yoga-palibodha-samudaya-hetupaccayaµµhit²ti tadupp±d±dibh±venass± µhitat± “dhammaµµhitat±”ti phala½ pati s±matthiyato hetumeva vadati. Dh±r²yati paccayeh²ti v± dhammo, tiµµhati tattha tad±yattavuttit±ya phalanti µhiti, dhammassa µhiti dhammaµµhiti. Dhammoti v± k±raºa½ paccayabh±vena phalassa dh±raºato, tassa µhiti sabh±vo, dhammato ca añño sabh±vo natth²ti dhammaµµhiti, paccayo. Ten±ha “paccayapariggahe paññ± dhammaµµhitiñ±ºan”ti (paµi. ma. m±tik± 4). Dhammaµµhiti eva dhammaµµhitat±. S± eva dh±tu “j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti imassa sabh±vassa, hetuno v± aññathatt±bh±vato, “na j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti viññ±yam±nassa ca tabbh±v±bh±vato niy±mat± vavatthitabh±voti dhammaniy±mat±. Phalassa v± jar±maraºassa j±tiy± sati sambhavo dhamme hetumhi µhitat±ti dhammaµµhitat±, asati asambhavo dhammaniy±mat±ti eva½ phalena hetu½ vibh±veti, ta½ “µhit±va s± dh±t³”ti-±din± vutta½. Imesa½ jar±maraº±d²na½ paccayat±saªkh±ta½ idappaccayata½ abhisambujjhati paccakkhakaraºena abhimukha½ bujjhati y±th±vato paµivijjhati, tato eva abhisameti abhimukha½ sam±gacchati, ±dito kathento ±cikkhati, uddisat²ti attho. Tameva uddesa½ pariyos±pento deseti. Yath±-uddiµµhamatta½ niddisanavasena pak±rehi ñ±pento paññ±peti. Pak±rehi eva patiµµhapento paµµhapeti. Yath±niddiµµha½ paµiniddesavasena vivarati vibhajati. Vivaµañhi vibhattañca attha½ het³d±haraºadassanehi p±kaµa½ karonto utt±n²karoti. Utt±n²karonto tath± paccakkhabh³ta½ katv± nigamanavasena passath±ti c±ha. J±tipaccay± jar±maraºanti-±d²s³ti j±ti-±d²na½ jar±maraºapaccayabh±vesu. Tehi tehi paccayeh²ti y±vatakehi paccayehi ya½ phala½ uppajjam±n±raha½, avikalehi teheva tassa uppatti, na ³n±dhikeh²ti. Ten±ha “an³n±dhikehev±”ti. Yath± ta½ cakkhur³p±lokamanasik±rehi cakkhuviññ±ºassa sambhavoti. Tena ta½ta½phalanipph±dane tass± paccayas±maggiy± tappak±rat± tathat±ti vutt±ti dasseti. S±magginti samodh±na½, samav±yanti attho. Asambhav±bh±vatoti anuppajjanassa abh±vato. Tath±vidhapaccayas±maggiyañhi satipi phalassa anuppajjane tass±vitathat± siy±. Aññadhammapaccayeh²ti aññassa phaladhammassa paccayehi. Aññadhamm±nuppattitoti tato aññassa phaladhammassa anuppajjanato. Na hi kad±ci cakkhur³p±lokamanasik±rehi sotaviññ±ºassa sambhavo atthi. Yadi siy±, tass± s±maggiy± aññathat± n±ma siy±, na ceta½ atth²ti “anaññathat±”ti vutta½. Paccayatoti paccayabh±vato. Paccayasam³hatoti etth±pi eseva nayo. Idappaccay± eva idappaccayat±ti t±-saddena pada½ va¹¹hita½ yath± “devoyeva devat±”ti, idappaccay±na½ sam³ho idappaccayat±ti sam³hattho t±saddo yath± “jan±na½ sam³ho janat±”ti imamattha½ sandh±y±ha “lakkhaºa½ panettha saddasatthato veditabban”ti. Na nicca½ sassatanti anicca½. Jar±maraºa½ na anicca½ saªkh±r±na½ vik±rabh±vato anipphannatt±, tath±pi “aniccan”ti pariy±yena vutta½. Esa nayo saªkhat±d²supi. Sam±gantv± kata½ sahiteheva paccayehi nibbattetabbato yath±sabh±va½ samecca sambhuyya paccayehi katanti saªkhata½ Paccay±raha½ paccaya½ paµicca na vin± tena sahitasametameva uppannanti paµiccasamuppanna½. Ten±ha “paccaye niss±ya uppannan”ti. Khayasabh±vanti bhijjanasabh±va½. Vigacchanakasabh±vanti sakabh±vato apagacchanakasabh±va½. Virajjanakasabh±vanti palujjanakasabh±va½. Nirujjhanakasabh±vanti khaºabhaªgavasena pabhaªgusabh±va½. Vuttanayen±ti jar±ya vuttanayena. Janakappaccay±na½ kamm±d²na½. Kicc±nubh±vakkhaºeti ettha kicc±nubh±vo n±ma yath± pavattam±ne paccaye tassa phala½ uppajjati, tath± pavatti, eva½ santassa pavattanakkhaºe. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– yasmi½ khaºe paccayo attano phalupp±dana½ pati by±vaµo n±ma hoti, imasmi½ khaºe ye dhamm± r³p±dayo upalabbhanti tato pubbe, pacch± ca anupalabbham±n±, tesa½ tato uppatti niddh±r²yati, eva½ j±tiy±pi s± niddh±retabb± ta½khaº³paladdhatoti. Yadi eva½ nippariy±yatova j±tiy± kutoci uppatti siddhi, atha kasm± “ekena pariy±yen±”ti vuttanti? J±yam±nadhamm±na½ vik±rabh±vena upaladdhabbatt±. Yadi nipphannadhamm± viya j±ti upalabbheyya, nippariy±yatova tass± kutoci uppatti siy±, na ceva½ upalabbhati, atha kho anipphannatt± vik±rabh±vena upalabbhati. Tasm± “ekena pariy±yenettha anicc±ti-±d²ni yujjant²”ti vutta½. Na pana jar±maraºe, janakappaccay±na½ kicc±nubh±vakkhaºe tassa alabbhanato. Teneva “ettha ca aniccanti…pe… anicca½ n±ma j±tan”ti vutta½. Savipassan±y±ti ettha saha-saddo appadh±nabh±vad²pano “samakkhika½, samakasan”ti-±d²su viya. Appadh±nabh³t± hi vipassan±, yath±bh³tadassanamaggapaññ± paj±n±ti. “Purima½ antan”ti vuccam±ne paccuppannabh±vassapi gahaºa½ siy±ti “purima½ anta½ at²tan”ti vutta½. Vijjam±natañca avijjam±natañc±ti sassat±saªka½ niss±ya “ahosi½ nu kho ahamat²tamaddh±nan”ti at²te attano vijjam±nata½, adhiccasamuppatti-±saªka½ niss±ya “yato pabhuti aha½, tato pubbe na nu kho ahosin”ti at²te attano avijjam±natañca kaªkhati. Kasm±? Vicikicch±ya ±k±radvay±valambanato. Tass± pana at²tavatthut±ya gahitatt± sassat±dhiccasamuppatti-±k±ranissitat± dassit± eva. ¾sappanaparisappanapavattika½ katthacipi appaµivattihetubh³ta½ vicikiccha½ kasm± upp±det²ti na vic±retabbametanti dassento ±ha “ki½k±raºanti na vattabban”ti K±raºa½ v± vicikicch±ya ayonisomanasik±ro, tassa andhab±laputhujjanabh±vo, ariy±na½ adass±vit± c±ti daµµhabba½. J±tiliªgupapattiyoti khattiyabr±hmaº±dij±ti½, gahaµµhapabbajit±diliªga½, devamanuss±di-upapattiñca. Niss±y±ti up±d±ya. Tasmi½ k±le ya½ sant±na½ majjhima½ pam±ºa½, tena yutto pam±ºiko, tadabh±vato adhikabh±vato v± “appam±ºiko”ti veditabbo. Kec²ti s±rasam±s±cariy±. Te hi “katha½ nu kho”ti issarena v± brahmun± v± pubbakatena v± ahetuto v± nibbattoti cintet²ti vadanti. Ahetuto nibbattikaªkh±pi hi hetupar±masanamev±ti. Paramparanti pubb±parappavatti½. Addh±nanti k±l±dhivacana½, tañca bhummatthe upayogavacana½ daµµhabba½. Vijjam±natañca avijjam±natañc±ti sassat±saªka½ niss±ya “bhaviss±mi nu kho aha½ an±gatamaddh±nan”ti an±gate attano vijjam±nata½, ucched±saªka½ niss±ya “yasmiñca attabh±ve ucchedanakaªkh±, tato para½ nu kho bhaviss±m²”ti an±gate attano avijjam±natañca kaªkhat²ti heµµh± vuttanayena yojetabba½. Paccuppanna½ addh±nanti addh±paccuppannassa idh±dhippetatt± “paµisandhim±di½ katv±”ti-±di vutta½. “Ida½ katha½, ida½ kathan”ti pavattanato katha½kath±, vicikicch±, s± assa atth²ti katha½kath². Ten±ha “vicikicch²”ti. K± ettha cint±? Ummattako viya b±laputhujjanoti paµikacceva vuttanti adhipp±yo. Ta½ mah±m±t±ya putta½. Muº¹esunti muº¹ena anicchanta½ j±garaºak±le na sakk±ti sutta½ muº¹esu½ kuladhammavasena yath± ekacce kulat±pas±. R±jabhayen±ti ca vadanti. S²tibh³tanti ida½ madhurakabh±vappattiy± k±raºavacana½. “Setabh³tan”tipi p±µho, udake ciraµµh±nena setabh±va½ pattanti attho. Attano khattiyabh±va½ kaªkhati kaººo viya s³taputtasaññ², s³taputtasaññ²ti s³riyadevaputtassa puttasaññ². J±tiy± vibh±viyam±n±ya “ahan”ti tassa attano par±masana½ sandh±y±ha “evampi siy± kaªkh±”ti. Manuss±pi ca r±j±no viy±ti manuss±pi ca keci ekacce r±j±no viy±ti adhipp±yo. Vuttanayameva “saºµh±n±k±ra½ niss±y±”ti-±din±. Etth±ti “katha½ nu khosm²”ti pade. Abbhantare j²voti paraparikappita½ antaratt±na½ vadati. So¼asa½s±d²nanti ±di-saddena sar²raparim±ºa-aªguµµha-yavaparam±ºuparim±ºat±dike saªgaºh±ti. Sattapaññatti j²vavisay±ti diµµhigatik±na½ matimatta½, paramatthato pana s± attabh±vavisay±v±ti ±ha “attabh±vassa ±gatigatiµµh±nan”ti. Yat±ya½ ±gato, yattha ca gamissati, ta½ µh±nanti attho. Sot±panno adhippeto vicikicch±pah±nassa diµµhatt±. Itarepi tayoti sakad±g±m²-±dayo av±rit± eva. “Ayañca…pe… sudiµµh±”ti nippadesato saccasa½paµivedhassa jotitatt±.
Paccayasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.
¾h±ravaggavaººan± niµµhit±.