2. Vibhaªgasuttavaººan±
2. Dutiyep²ti dutiyasuttepi. Pi-saddena tadaññesu suttesup²ti attho. “Visuddhimagge vutt± ev±”ti vatv±pi tadekadesa½ idha viniyogakkhama½ dassetu½ “yath± h²”ti-±di vutta½. Tanti m³la½. Vitth±radesananti “vibhajiss±m²”ti padassa atthassa dassanavasena pavatta½ vibhaªgadesana½. Uddesadesan± paµhamasutte anulomadesan±sadis±va. Puna vaµµavivaµµa½ dassentoti “iti kho, bhikkhave”ti-±din± pavatti½ nivattiñca dassento. Paµhama½ uddesavasena vibhajanavasena vivaµµa½ dassita½, tato eva byatirekanayena vivaµµampi dassitameva hot²ti punaggahaºa½. Tesa½ tesa½ satt±nanti ida½ kiñci pak±rato an±masitv± sabbepi satte s±maññato by±petv± gahaºanti ±ha “saªkhepato…pe… niddeso”ti. Gatij±tivasen±ti pañcagativasena, tatth±pi ekek±ya gatiy± khattiy±dibhummadev±dihatthi-±dij±tivasena ca. “Citta½ mano”ti-±d²su viya kiccavisesa½, “m±nasan”ti-±d²su viya sam±ne atthe saddavisesa½, “paº¹aran”ti-±d²su viya guºavisesa½, “cetasika½ hadayan”ti-±d²su viya nissayavisesa½, “cittassa µhit²”ti-±d²su viya aññassa avatth±bh±vavisesa½, “alubbhan±”ti-±d²su viya aññassa kiriy±bh±vavisesa½, “alubbhitattan”ti-±d²su viya aññassa abh±vat±visesanti evam±dika½ anapekkhitv± dhammamatta½ v± d²pan± sabh±vaniddeso. Jiººassa j²raºavasena pavattan±k±ro j²raºat±ti ±ha “±k±raniddeso”ti. K±l±tikkame kiccaniddes±ti kalalak±lato pabhuti purimar³p±na½ jar±pattakkhaºe uppajjam±n±ni pacchimar³p±ni paripakkar³p±nur³p±ni pariºatapariºat±ni uppajjant²ti anukkamena supariºatar³p±na½ parip±kak±le uppajjam±n±ni khaº¹icc±disabh±v±ni uppajjant²ti “khaº¹iccan”ti-±dayo k±l±tikkame jar±ya kiccaniddes±. Pakatiniddes±ti phalavipaccanapakatiy± niddes±, jar±ya v± p±puºitabbaphalameva pakati, tass± niddes±, na ca khaº¹icc±d²neva jar±ti udak±digatamaggesu tiºarukkhasa½bhaggat±dayo viya parip±kagatamaggasaªkh±tesu paripuººar³pesu labbham±n± khaº¹icc±dayo jar±ya gatamagg±-icceva veditabb±, na jar±ti. Yasm± jara½ pattassa ±yu h±yati, indriy±ni jajjar±ni hont²ti ±yuh±n±dayo pakatiniddes±, tasm± vutta½ “pacchim± dve pakatiniddes±”ti. Ten±ha “imehi pan±”ti-±di. Aviññ±yam±nantaratt± av²cijar± maºi-±d²su mandadasak±d²su ekekadasakesu ca khaºe khaºe jiººavik±r±d²na½ duviññeyyatt±. Tato aññes³ti maºi-±dito aññesu ahicchattak±d²su, p±º²na½ ekabhavapariy±panne sakala-±yusmi½ gahitataruºayuv±jar±k±lesu, ekadvittidivas±tikkamesu pupph±d²su v±ti attho. Tattha hi jar±visesassa suviññeyyatt± sav²cijar± n±ma. Cavanakavasen±ti cavanak±na½ khandh±na½ vasena. Ekacatupañcakkhandh±ya cutiy± cavanameva cavanat±ti ±ha “bh±vavacanena lakkhaºanidassanan”ti, p±¼iya½ “cut²”ti vuttassa maraºassa sabh±vadassananti attho. Bhaªguppatti bhijjam±nat±. Tena “bhedo”ti imin± khandh±na½ bhijjam±nat± bhedasamaªgit± vutt±ti dasseti. Ýh±n±bh±vaparid²pananti kenacipi ±k±rena avaµµh±n±bh±vad²pana½. Ghaµassev±ti hi visadis³d±haraºa½. Yath± ghaµe bhinne kap±l±di-avayavaseso labbhati, na eva½ cutikkhandhesu bhaªgesu, na koci viseso tiµµhat²ti dassetu½ “antaradh±nan”ti vutta½. Maccusaªkh±ta½ maraºanti maccusaññita½ maraºa½. “K±lamaraºan”ti vadanti. Sant±nassa accantasamucchedabh³ta½ kh²º±sav±na½ maraºa½ samucchedamaraºa½. ¾di-saddena khaºikamaraºa½ saªgaºh±ti. Tassa kiriy±ti antakassa kiriy±, y± loke vuccati “macc³”ti, maraºanti attho. Cavanak±lo eva v± anatikkaman²yatt± visesena k±loti vuttoti tassa kiriy± atthato cutikkhandh±na½ bhedapavattiyeva. “Maccu maraºan”ti v± ettha sam±sa½ akatv± yo “macc³”ti vuccati bhedo, tameva maraºa½ “p±ºac±go”ti evamettha attho daµµhabbo. Catuvok±ravasen±ti catuvok±rabhavavasena. Tattha hi r³pak±yasaññito ka¼evaro natthi, ya½ nikkhipeyya. Kiñc±pi ekavok±rabhavepi ka¼evaranikkhepo natthi, r³pak±yassa pana tattha atthit±matta½ gahetv± “ekavok±ravasena ka¼evarassa nikkhepo”ti vutto. Catuvok±ravasena c±ti ca-saddena “sesadvayavasena khandh±na½ bhedo”ti imamattha½ dasseti sabbattheva khandhabhedasabbh±vato. Sesadvayavasen±ti sesabhavadvayavaseneva ka¼evarassa nikkhepo. Yadipi ekavok±rabhave r³pak±yo vijjati, ka¼evaranikkhepo pana natth²ti “ka¼evarassa sabbh±vato”icceva vutta½. Yasm± manuss±d²su ka¼evaranikkhepo atthi, tasm± manuss±d²su ka¼evarassa nikkhepoti yojan±. Ka¼evara½ nikkhip²yati eten±ti maraºa½ ka¼evarassa nikkhepo. Ekato katv±ti ekajjha½ katv±, ekajjha½ gahaºamattena. J±yanaµµhen±ti-±di ±yatanavasena yonivasena ca dv²hi padehi sabbasatte pariy±diyitv± pariy±diyitv± j±ti½ dassetu½ vutta½. Keci pana “kattubh±vavasena padadvaya½ vuttan”ti vadanti. “Tesa½ tesa½ satt±na½ j±ti sañj±t²”ti pana kattari s±miniddesassa katatt± ubhayatth±pi bh±vaniddeso. Sampuºº± j±ti sañj±ti. P±kaµ± nibbatti abhinibbatti. Tesa½ tesa½ satt±na½…pe… abhinibbatt²ti sattavasena pavattatt± voh±radesan±. Tatra tatr±ti ekacatuvok±rabhavesu dvinna½ sesar³padh±tuya½ paµisandhikkhaºe uppajjam±n±na½ pañcanna½, k±madh±tuya½ vikal±vikalindriy±na½ vasena sattanna½ navanna½ dasanna½ puna dasanna½ ek±dasannañca ±yatan±na½ vasena saªgaho veditabbo. Santatiyanti yena kammun± khandh±na½ p±tubh±vo, tena abhisaªkhatasantatiya½. Tañca kho paµisandhikkhaºavasena veditabba½. Kamma½yeva kammabhavo “bhavati etasm± upapattibhavo”ti katv±. Kammena niyy±dita-attabh±vupapattivasena bhavat²ti bhavo, tath± tath± nibbattavip±ko kaµatt±r³pañca. Aµµhakath±ya½ pana “bhavat²ti katv± bhavo”ti upapattibhavassa vakkham±natt± “kamma½ phalavoh±rena bhavoti vuttan”ti kathita½. Up±diyanti satt± da¼hagg±ha½ gaºhanti etena kilesak±mena. Na kevala½ idha karaºas±dhanameva, atha kho kattus±dhanampi labbhat²ti vutta½ “saya½ v±”ti. Tanti vatthuk±ma½. K±mo ca so k±manaµµhena, up±d±nañca bhusam±d±naµµhen±ti k±mup±d±na½. Etanti k±mup±d±napada½. Puna etanti k±mup±d±nasaªkh±ta½. Sassato att±ti ida½ purimadiµµhi½ up±diyam±na½ uttaradiµµhi½ dassetu½ vutta½. Yath± es± diµµhi da¼h²karaºavasena purima½ uttar± up±diyati, eva½ “natthi dinnan”ti-±dik±p²ti. Attaggahaºa½ pana “attav±dup±d±nan”ti ida½ na diµµhup±d±nadassananti daµµhabba½. Loko c±ti attaggahaºavinimuttaggahaºa½ diµµhup±d±nabh³ta½ idha purimadiµµhi-uttaradiµµhivacanehi vuttanti daµµhabba½. Yena micch±bhinivesena gos²lagovat±di½ sam±diyati ceva anutiµµhati ca, so gos²lagovat±d²n²ti adhippet±ni. Ten±ha “gos²la…pe… sayameva up±d±n±n²”ti. Abhinivesatoti abhinivesanato. Attav±dup±d±nanti “att±”ti v±dassa paññ±panassa gahaºassa k±raºabh³t± diµµh²ti attho. Attav±damattamev±ti attassa abh±v± “att±”ti ida½ vacanamattameva. Up±diyanti da¼ha½ gaºhanti. Cakkhudv±r±d²su pavatt±y±ti ida½ taºh±ya r³pataºh±dibh±vassa k±raºavacana½ chadv±r±rammaºikadhamm±na½ paµiniyat±rammaºatt±. Javanav²thiy± pavatt±y±ti ida½ tass± pavattiµµh±nadassana½. Sabh±veneva uµµh±tu½ asakkontassa ve¼u viya nissayo ahutv± olumbhakabh±vena bh±vo up±d±nassa paccayabh±vato ±rammaºampi ta½sadisa½ vutta½. R³peti visaye bhumma½. S± tividh± hot²ti sambandho. K±mataºh± k±mass±dabh±vena pavattiy±. Eva½ ass±dent²ti sassatadiµµhiy± sahaj±tanissayasampayutta-atthi-avigat±dipaccayabh³t±ya sa½saµµhatt± niccadhuvasassat±bhinivesamukhena ass±dent². Bhavasahagat± taºh± bhavataºh±. Bhavati tiµµhati sabbak±lanti hi bhavadiµµhi bhavo uttarapadalopena, bhavass±davasena pavattiy± ca. Imin± nayena vibhavataºh±ti ettha attho veditabbo. Vibhavati ucchijjati vinassat²ti eva½ pavatt± diµµhi vibhavo uttarapadalopena. Eva½ t±ni aµµh±ras±ti y± cha k±mataºh±, cha bhavataºh±, cha vibhavataºh± vutt±, et±ni aµµh±rasa taºh±vicarit±ni taºh±paccayo. Ajjhattanti sakasantatiya½. Bahiddh±ti tato bahiddh±. At²t±rammaº±ni v± hontu itar±rammaº±ni v±, saya½ pana at²t±ni chatti½sa taºh±vicarit±ni. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. “Aµµhasata½ taºh±vicarit±n²”ti-±din± sambandho. Id±ni aparenapi pak±rena aµµhasata½ taºh±vicarit±ni dassetu½ “ajjhattikass±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha ajjhattikass±ti ajjhattikakhandhapañcaka½. Upayogatthe hi ida½ s±mivacana½. Up±d±y±ti gahetv±. Asm²ti hot²ti yadeta½ ajjhattika½ khandhapañcaka½ up±d±ya taºh±m±nadiµµhivasena samud±yagg±hato asm²ti g±ho hoti, tasmi½ sat²ti attho. Idha pana r³p±di-±rammaºavasena attho veditabbo. Itthamasm²ti hot²ti khattiy±d²su “ida½pak±ro ahan”ti eva½ taºh±m±nadiµµhivasena hot²ti attho. Ida½ t±va anupanidh±ya gahaºa½. Evam±d²n²ti ±di-saddena “evamasmi, aññath±smi, aha½ bhavissa½, ittha½ bhavissa½, eva½ bhavissa½, aññath± bhavissa½, asasmi, satasmi, aha½ siya½, ittha½ siya½, eva½ siya½, aññath± siya½, ap±ha½ siya½, ap±ha½ ittha½ siya½, ap±ha½ eva½ siya½, ap±ha½ aññath± siyan”ti etesa½ saªgaho. Upanidh±ya gahaºampi duvidha½ samato asamato v±ti ta½ dassetu½ “evamasmi, aññath±sm²”ti ca vutta½. Tattha evamasm²ti ida½ samato upanidh±ya gahaºa½, yath± aya½ khattiyo, eva½ ahamasm²ti attho. Aññath±sm²ti ida½ pana asamato gahaºa½, yath±ya½ khattiyo tato aññath± aha½ h²no v± adhiko v±ti attho. Im±ni t±va paccuppannavasena catt±ri taºh±vicarit±ni. Bhavissanti-±d²ni pana catt±ri an±gatavasena vutt±ni, tesa½ purimacatukke vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Asasm²ti sassato asmi, niccasseta½ adhivacana½. Satasm²ti asassato asmi, aniccasseta½ adhivacana½. Iti im±ni dve sassatucchedavasena vutt±ni. Ito par±ni siyanti-±d²ni catt±ri sa½sayaparivitakkavasena vutt±ni, t±ni purimacatukke vuttanayena atthato veditabb±ni. Ap±ha½ siyanti-±d²ni pana catt±ri “api n±m±ha½ bhaveyyan”ti eva½ patthan±kappanavasena vutt±ni, t±nipi purimacatukke vuttanayeneva veditabb±ni. Evametesu–
Dve diµµhis²s± catt±ro, suddhas²s± s²sam³lak±;
tayo tayoti et±ni, aµµh±rasa vibh±vaye.
Ete hi sassatucchedavasena vutt± dve diµµhis²s± n±ma, “asmi, bhavissa½ siya½, ap±ha½ siyan”ti ete catt±ro suddhas²s± n±ma, “itthamasm²”ti-±dayo tayo tayoti dv±dasa s²sam³lak± n±m±ti veditabba½. Idha p±¼iya½ r³p±rammaº±divasena taºh± ±gat±ti ±ha “ajjhattikar³p±dinissit±n²”ti. Aµµh±rasa taºh±vicarit±n²ti ±netv± sambandho. Imin± asm²ti imin± abhisekasen±pacc±din± “khattiyo ahan”ti m³labh±vato “asm²”ti hoti. Sesa½ pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabba½. Saªgaheti taºh±ya yath±vuttavibh±gassa sa½khipanavasena saªgaºhane kariyam±ne. “Chayime, bhikkhave, taºh±k±y±”ti-±di niddeso. “R³pe taºh± r³pataºh±”ti-±di niddesattho. “K±mar±gabh±ven±”ti-±diko, “ajjhattikassup±d±y±”ti-±diko ca niddesavitth±ro. “R³p±d²su ±rammaºesu cha¼ev±”ti-±diko saªgaho. Yasm± cakkhudv±r±d²su ekekasmi½ dv±re uppajjanakaviññ±º±ni viya anek± eva vedan±, tasm± t± r±sivasena ekajjha½ gahetv± “cha vedan±k±y±”ti vuttanti ±ha “vedan±sam³h±”ti. Nissayabh±vena uppattidv±rabh±vena n±n±paccay± honti cakkhudh±tu-±dayo, t± kucchin± dh±rentiyo viya posentiyo viya ca hont²ti t±sa½ m±tusadisat± vutt±. Cakkhusamphassahet³ti nissay±dicakkhusamphassapaccay±. Ayanti aya½ vedan± “cakkhusamphassaj± vedan±”ti-±din± s±dh±raºato vutt±. Etth±ti etasmi½ vedan±pade. Sabbasaªg±hik±ti kusal±kusalavip±kakiriy±na½ vasena sabbasaªg±hik±. Eva½ vibhaªge ±gatanayena s±dh±raºato vatv±pi idh±dhippetavedanameva dassetu½ “vip±kavasena pan±”ti-±dim±ha. Cakkhumhi samphassoti cakkhumhi nissayabh³te uppannaphasso. Esa nayo sesesu. Yasm± cakkh±d²ni visuddhimagge khandhaniddese lakkhaº±divibh±gato, ±yatananiddese visesato, s±maññato ca saddatthadassan±divasena vibh±vit±ni, tasm± “ya½ vattabba½…pe… vuttamev±”ti ±ha. Namanalakkhaºanti ±rammaº±bhimukha½ hutv± namanasabh±va½ tena vin± appavattanato. Ruppanalakkhaºa½ heµµh± vuttameva. Vedan±kkhandho pana ek±va vedan±. Sabbadubbalacitt±ni n±ma pañcaviññ±º±ni Nanu tattha j²vitacittaµµhitiyo ca sant²ti? Sacca½, t±sa½ pana kicca½ na tath± p±kaµa½, yath± cetan±d²nanti te evettha p±¼iya½ uddhaµ±. Yena mahantap±tubh±v±din± k±raºena. Etth±ti etasmi½ mah±bh³taniddese. Añño vinicchayanayoti “vacanatthato kal±pato”ti-±din± lakkhaº±dinicchayato añño vinicchayanayo. Nanu so catudh±tuvavatth±ne vutto, na r³pakkhandhaniddeseti? Tattha vuttepi “catudh±tuvavatth±ne vutt±n²”ti atidesavasena vuttatt± “r³pakkhandhaniddese vutto”ti vutta½. Up±d±y±ti paµicca. Bh³t±ni hi paµicca uppajjam±na½ up±d±r³pa½ “t±ni gahetv±”ti vutta½ avissajjanato. Niss±y±tipi eke tesa½ nissayapaccayabh±vato. Pubbak±lakiriy± n±ma eka½sato aparak±lakiriy±pekkh±ti p±µhasesena attha½ vadati. Vibhattivipall±sena vin± eva attha½ dassetu½ “sam³hatthe v±”ti-±di vutta½. Sam³hasambandhe s±miniddesena sam³hattho d²pitoti ta½ dassento ±ha “sam³ha½ up±d±y±”ti. Dhammasaªgaºiya½ (dha. sa. 584) ±gatanayena “tev²satividhan”ti vutta½. Tattha hi hadayavatthu na niddiµµha½, “ya½ r³pa½ niss±y±”ti v± paµµh±ne (paµµh±na. 1.1.8) ±gatatt± hadayavatthumpi gahetv± j±tir³pabh±vena upacayasantatiyo ekato katv± “tev²satividhan”ti vutta½. Cakkhussa viññ±ºanti v± cakkhuviññ±ºa½. As±dh±raºak±raºena c±ya½ niddeso. “Saªkh±rapaccay± viññ±ºan”ti ettha sabbalokiyavip±kaviññ±ºassa gahetabbatt± “tebh³makavip±kacittasseta½ adhivacanan”ti vutta½. Abhisaªkharaºalakkhaºoti ±y³hanasabh±vo. Copanavasen±ti viññattisa½copanavasena, k±yaviññattiy± samuµµh±panavasen±ti attho. Vacanabhedavasen±ti vac²bhedupp±davasena, vac²viññattiy± samuµµh±panavasen±ti attho. Eva½ copana½ na bhaveyy±ti dassetu½ “raho nis²ditv± cintentass±”ti vutta½. Ek³nati½s±ti ettha abhiññ±cetan±vinimutt± eva ek³nati½sa cetan± veditabb± tass± vip±kaviññ±ºassa paccayatt±bh±vato. Dukkheti ekampi ida½ bhummavacana½ sa½silesananissayavisayaby±panavasena att±na½ bhinditv± viniyoga½ gacchat²ti “cat³hi k±raºeh²”ti-±di vutta½. Ekopi hi vibhattiniddeso anekadh± viniyoga½ gacchati yath± taddhitatthe uttarapadasam±h±reti. Tanti aññ±ºa½. Dukkhasaccanti hadayavatthulakkhaºa½ dukkhasacca½. Ass±ti aññ±ºassa. Nissayapaccayabh±ven±ti purej±tanissayabh±vena. Sahaj±tanissayapaccayabh±vena pana ta½sahaj±t± phass±dayo vattabb±. ¾rammaºapaccayabh±vena dukkhasacca½ assa ±rammaºanti yojan±. Dukkhasaccanti upayoga-ekavacana½ Etanti aññ±ºa½. Tass±ti dukkhasaccassa. “Paµicch±det²”ti ettha vutta½ paµicch±dan±k±ra½ dassetu½ “y±th±v±”ti-±di vutta½. ѱºavippayuttacittenapi ekadesena y±th±vato lakkhaºapaµivedho hotiyev±ti “y±th±valakkhaºapaµivedhaniv±raºen±”ti vatv± “ñ±ºapavattiy± cettha appad±nen±”ti vuttanti vadanti. Purima½ pana paµivedhañ±ºuppattiy± nisedhakath±dassana½, pacchima½ anubodhañ±ºuppattiy±. Evamettha attho veditabbo. Etth±ti dukkhasacce. Sahaj±tassa aññ±ºassa samudayasacca½ vatthu hoti nissayapaccayabh±vatoti vutta½ “vatthuto”ti. ¾rammaºatoti ±rammaºapaccayabh±vena. Yasm± samudayasacca½ aññ±ºassa ±rammaºa½ hoti, tasm± “dukkhasamudaye aññ±ºan”ti vuttanti attho. Paµicch±dana½ dukkhasacce vuttanayameva ekeneva k±raºena itaresa½ tiººa½ asambhavato, ki½ pana eta½ eka½ k±raºanti ±ha “paµicch±danato”ti. Ida½ vitth±rato vibh±vetu½ “nirodhapaµipad±na½ h²”ti-±di vutta½. Tad±rabbh±ti ta½ ±rabbha ta½ ±rammaºa½ katv±. Pacchimañhi saccadvayanti nirodho maggo. Tañhi nayagambh²ratt±. Duddasanti saºhasukhumadhammatt± sabh±veneva gambh²rat±ya duddasa½ duviññeyya½ duravagg±ha½. Tatth±ti purime saccadvaye. Andhabh³tanti andhak±rabh³ta½. Na pavattati ±rammaºa½ k±tu½ na visahati. Vacan²yatten±ti v±cakabh±vena tath± upaµµh±nato. Sabh±valakkhaºassa duddasatt±ti p²¼an±di-±y³han±divasena “ida½ dukkha½, aya½ samudayo”ti (ma. ni. 484; 3.104) y±th±vato sabh±valakkhaºassa duddasatt± duviññeyyatt± purimadvaya½ gambh²ra½. Tatth±ti purimasmi½ saccadvaye. Vipall±sagg±havasena pavattat²ti subh±divipar²tagg±h±na½ paccayabh±vavasena aññ±ºa½ pavattati. Id±ni “dukkhe aññ±ºan”ti-±d²su pak±rantarenapi attha½ dassetu½ “apic±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha dukkheti ett±vat±ti “aññ±ºanti vuccam±n±ya avijj±ya dukkhe”ti ettakena. Saªgahatoti samodh±nato. Kiccatoti asampaµivedhakiccato. Aññ±ºamiv±ti visayasabh±va½ y±th±vato paµivijjhitu½ appad±nakiccamiva. “Dukkhe”ti-±din± tattha avijj± pavattati, visesato niddiµµha½ hot²ti katv± sabbattheva tath± avisiµµhasabh±vadassana½ idanti dassetu½ “avisesato pan±”ti-±di vutta½. Khaºikanirodhassa idha anadhippetatt± ayujjam±natt± vir±gaggahaºato ca avijj±d²na½ paµipakkhavasena paµib±hana½ idha “nirodho”ti adhippeto, so ca nesa½ sabbaso anuppajjanamev±ti ±ha “nirodho hot²ti anupp±do hot²”ti. “Avijj± nirujjhati etth±ti avijj±nirodho, saªkh±r± nirujjhanti etth±ti saªkh±ranirodho”ti eva½ sabbehi etehi nirodhapadehi nibb±nassa desitatt± daµµhabb±. Ten±ha “nibb±na½ h²”ti-±di. Vaµµavivaµµanti vaµµañca vivaµµañca. “Dv±dasah²”ti ida½ pacceka½ yojetabba½ “anulomato dv±dasahi padehi vaµµa½, paµilomato dv±dasahi vivaµµa½ idha dassitan”ti.
Vibhaªgasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.