2. ¾h±ravaggo

1. ¾h±rasuttavaººan±

11. ¾harant²ti ±nenti upp±denti, upatthambhent²ti attho. Nibbatt±ti pasut±. Bh³t± n±ma yasm± tato paµµh±ya loke j±tavoh±ro paµisandhiggahaºato pana paµµh±ya y±va m±tukucchito nikkhanto, t±va sambhavesino, esa t±va gabbhaseyyakesu bh³tasambhavesivibh±go, itaresu pana paµhamacitt±divasena vutto. Sambhava-saddo cettha gabbhaseyyak±na½ vasena pas³tipariy±yo, itaresa½ vasena uppattipariy±yo. Paµhamacittapaµhama-iriy±pathakkhaºesu hi te sambhava½ uppatti½ esanti upagacchanti n±ma, na t±va bh³t± upapattiy± na suppatiµµhitatt±, bh³t± eva sabbaso bhavesan±ya samucchinnatt±. Na puna bhavissant²ti avadh±raºena nivattitamattha½ dasseti. Yo ca “k±laghaso bh³to”ti-±d²su bh³ta-saddassa kh²º±savav±cit± daµµhabb±. V±-saddo cettha sampiº¹anattho “aggin± v± udakena v±”ti-±d²su viya.

Yath±saka½ paccayabh±vena attabh±vassa paµhapanamevettha ±h±rehi k±tabba-anuggaho hot²ti adhipp±yen±ha “vacanabhedo…pe… eko yev±”ti. Sattassa uppannadhamm±nanti sattassa sant±ne uppannadhamm±na½. Yath± “vassasata½ tiµµhat²”ti vutte anuppabandhavasena pavattat²ti vutta½ hoti, eva½ µhitiy±ti anuppabandhavasena pavattiy±ti attho, s± pana avicchedoti ±ha “avicched±y±”ti. Anuppabandhadhammuppattiy± sattasant±no anuggahito n±ma hot²ti ±ha “anuppann±na½ upp±d±y±”ti. Et±n²ti µhiti-anuggahapad±ni. Ubhayattha daµµhabb±ni na yath±sambandhato.

Vatthugat± oj± vatthu viya tena saddhi½ ajjhoharitabbata½ gacchat²ti vutta½ “ajjhoharitabbako ±h±ro”ti, nibbattita-oja½ pana sandh±ya “kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro ojaµµhamakar³p±ni ±harat²”ti vakkhati. O¼±rikat± appojat±ya na vatthuno th³lat±ya kathinat±ya v±, tasm± yasmi½ vatthusmi½ paritt± oj± hoti, ta½ o¼±rika½. Sapp±dayo dukkhupp±dakat±ya o¼±rik± veditabb±. Vis±º±d²na½ tivassacha¹¹it±na½ p³tibh³tatt± mudukat±ti vadanti. Taracchakhe¼atemitat±ya pana tath±bh³t±na½ tesa½ mudukat±. Dhammasabh±vo hesa. Sas±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo taruºatiºasassakh±danato. Sakuº±na½ ±h±ro sukhumo tiºab²j±dikh±danato. Paccantav±s²na½ ±h±ro sukhumo m±samuggakur±dibhojanatt±. Tesanti paranimmitavasavatt²na½. Sukhumotvev±ti na kiñci up±d±ya, atha kho sukhumo-icceva niµµha½ patto tato paramasukhumassa abh±vato.

Vatthuvasena panettha ±h±rassa o¼±rikasukhumat± vutt±, s± cassa appojamahojat±hi veditabb±ti dassetu½ “ettha c±”ti-±dim±ha. Parissayanti khud±vasena uppanna½ vihi½sa½ sar²radaratha½. Vinodet²ti vatthu tassa vinodanamatta½ karoti. Na pana sakkoti p±letunti sar²ra½ y±petu½ nappahoti nirojatt±. Na sakkoti parissaya½ vinodetu½ ±m±sayassa ap³raºato.

Chabbidhop²ti imin± kassaci phassassa anavasesitabbatam±ha. Desanakkamenevettha phass±d²na½ dutiy±dit±, na aññena k±raºen±ti ±ha “desan±nayo eva ces±”ti-±di. Manaso sañcetan± na sattass±ti dassanattha½ manogahaºa½ yath± “cittassa µhiti, cetovimutti c±”ti ±ha “manosañcetan±ti cetan±v±”ti. Cittanti ya½ kiñci cittameva. Ekar±si½ katv±ti ekajjha½ gahetv± vibh±ga½ akatv±, s±maññena gahit±ti attho. Tattha labbham±na½ up±diººak±divibh±ga½ dassetu½ “kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro”ti-±di vutta½. ¾h±rattha½ na s±dhent²ti t±disassa ±h±rassa an±haraºato. Tad±p²ti bhijjitv± vigatak±lepi. Up±diººak±h±roti vuccant²ti keci. Ida½ pana ±cariy±na½ na ruccati tad± up±diººakar³passeva abh±vato. Paµisandhicitteneva sahaj±t±ti lakkhaºavacanameta½, sabb±yapi kammajar³papariy±pann±ya oj±ya atthibh±vassa avicchedappavattisambhavadassanattho. Sattam±ti uppannadivasato paµµh±ya y±va sattamadivas±pi. R³pasantati½ p±leti paveºighaµanavasena. Ayamev±ti kammaja-oj±. Kammaja-oja½ pana paµicca uppanna-oj± akammajatt± anup±diººa-±h±rotveva veditabbo. Anup±diººak± phass±dayo veditabb±ti ±netv± sambandho. Lokuttar± phass±dayo kathanti ±ha “lokuttar± pana ru¼h²vasena kathit±”ti. Yasm± tesa½ kusal±na½ upetapariy±yo natthi, tasm± vip±k±na½ up±diººapariy±yo natthev±ti anup±diººapariy±yopi ru¼h²vasena vuttoti veditabbo.

Pubbe “±h±r±ti paccay±”ti vuttatt± yadi paccayaµµho ±h±raµµhoti-±din± codeti, atha kasm± ime eva catt±ro vutt±ti atha kasm± catt±rova vutt±. Ime eva ca vutt±ti yojan±. Visesappaccayatt±ti etena yath± aññe paccayadhamm± attano paccayuppannassa paccay±va honti, ime pana tath± ca hoti aññath± c±ti sam±nepi paccayatte atirekapaccay± honti, tasm± “±h±r±ti vutt±”ti imamattha½ dasseti. Id±ni ta½ atirekapaccayata½ dassetu½ “visesapaccayo h²”ti-±di vutta½. Visesappaccayo r³pak±yassa kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro upathambhakabh±vato. Ten±ha aµµhakath±ya½ “r³p±r³p±na½ upathambhakattena upak±rak± catt±ro ±h±r± ±h±rapaccayo”ti (visuddhi. 2.608; paµµh±. aµµha. paccayuddesavaººan±). Upathambhakattañhi sat²pi janakatte ar³p²na½ ±h±r±na½ ±h±rajar³pasamuµµh±nakar³p±h±rassa ca hoti, asati pana upathambhakatte ±h±r±na½ janakatta½ natth²ti upathambhakatta½ padh±na½. Janayam±nopi hi ±h±ro avicchedavasena upathambhayam±no eva janet²ti upathambhakabh±vo eva ±h±rabh±vo. Vedan±ya phasso visesapaccayo. “Phassapaccay± vedan±”ti hi vutta½. “Saªkh±rapaccay± viññ±ºan”ti vacanato viññ±ºassa manosañcetan±. “Cetan± tividha½ bhava½ janet²”ti hi vutta½. “Viññ±ºapaccay± n±mar³pan”ti pana vacanato n±mar³passa viññ±ºa½ visesapaccayo. Na hi okkantaviññ±º±bh±ve n±mar³passa atthi sambhavo. Yath±ha “viññ±ºañca hi, ±nanda, m±tukucchismi½ na okkamissatha, api nu kho n±mar³pa½ m±tukucchismi½ samuccissath±”ti-±di (d². ni. 2.115). Vuttamevattha½ suttena s±dhetu½ “yath±h±”ti-±di vutta½.

Eva½ yadipi paccayattho ±h±rattho, visesapaccayatt± pana imeva ±h±r±ti vutt±ti ta½ nesa½ visesapaccayata½ avibh±gato dassetv± id±ni vibh±gato dassetu½ “ko panetth±”ti-±di ±raddha½. Mukhe µhapitamatto eva asaªkh±dito, tattaken±pi abbhantarassa ±h±rassa paccayo hoti eva. Ten±ha “aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±pet²”ti. Sukhavedan±ya hito sukhavedan²yo. Sabbath±p²ti cakkhusamphass±divasena. Yattak± phassassa pak±rabhed±, tesa½ vasena sabbappak±ropi phass±h±ro yath±raha½ tisso vedan± ±harati, an±h±rako natthi.

Sabbath±p²ti idh±pi phass±h±re vuttanay±nus±rena attho veditabbo. Tisantativasen±ti k±yadasaka½ bh±vadasaka½ vatthudasakanti tividhasantativasena. Sahaj±t±dipaccayanayen±ti sahaj±t±dipaccayavidhin±. Paµisandhiviññ±ºañhi attan± sahaj±tan±massa sahaj±ta-aññamaññavip±kindriyasampayutta-atthi-avigatapaccayehi paccayo hontoyeva ±h±rapaccayat±ya ta½ ±h±reti vutta½, sahaj±tar³pesu pana vatthuno sampayuttapaccaya½ µhapetv± vippayuttapaccayena, sesar³p±na½ aññamaññapaccayañca µhapetv± itaresa½ paccay±na½ vasena yojan± k±tabb±. T±n²ti napu½sakaniddeso anapu½sak±nampi napu½sakehi saha vacanato. S±savakusal±kusalacetan±va vutt± visesapaccayabh±vadassana½ hetanti, ten±ha “avisesena pan±”ti-±di. Paµisandhiviññ±ºameva vuttanti etth±pi eseva nayo. Yath± tassa tassa phalassa visesato paccayat±ya etesa½ ±h±rattho, eva½ avisesatop²ti dassetu½ “avisesen±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha ta½sampayuttata½samuµµh±nadhamm±nanti tehi phass±d²hi sampayuttadhamm±nañceva ta½samuµµh±nar³padhamm±nañca. Tattha sampayuttaggahaºa½ yath±rahato daµµhabba½, samuµµh±naggahaºa½ pana avisesato.

Upatthambhento ±h±rakicca½ s±dhet²ti upatthambhento eva r³pa½ samuµµh±peti, ojaµµhamakasamuµµh±paneneva panassa upathambhanakiccasiddhi. Phusantoyev±ti phusanakicca½ karonto eva. ¾y³ham±n±v±ti cetayam±n± eva abhisandahant² eva. Vij±nantamev±ti upapattiparikappanavasena vij±nantameva ±h±rakicca½ s±dhet²ti yojan±. Sabbattha ±h±rakiccas±dhanañca tesa½ vedan±di-uppattihetut±ya attabh±vassa pavattanameva. K±yaµµhapanen±ti kasm± vutta½, nanu kammaj±dir³pa½ kamm±din±va pavattat²ti codana½ sandh±y±ha “kammajanitop²”ti-±di.

Up±diººar³pasantatiy± upatthambhaneneva utucittajar³pasantat²nampi upatthambhanasiddhi hot²ti “dvinna½ r³pasantat²nan”ti vutta½. Upatthambhanameva sandh±ya “anup±lako hutv±”ti ca vutta½. R³pak±yassa µhitihetut± hi y±pan± anup±lan±. Sukh±divatthubh³tanti sukh±d²na½ pavattiµµh±nabh³ta½. ¾rammaºampi hi vasati ettha ±rammaºakaraºavasena tad±rammaº± dhamm±ti vatth³ti vuccati. Phusantoyev±ti ida½ phassassa phusanasabh±vatt± vutta½. Na hi dhamm±na½ sabh±vena vin± pavatti atthi, vedan±pavattiy± vin± satt±na½ sandh±vanat± natth²ti ±ha “sukh±di…pe… hot²”ti. Na cettha saññ²bhavakath±ya½ asaññ²bhavo dassetabbo, tass±pi v± k±raºabh³tavedan±pavattivaseneva µhitiy± hetuno aby±pitatt±, tath± hi “manosañcetan±…pe… bhavam³lanipph±danato satt±na½ µhitiy± hot²”ti vutt±. Tato eva viññ±ºa½ vij±nantamev±ti upapattiparikappanavasena vij±nantamev±ti vuttov±yamattho.

Catt±ri bhay±ni daµµhabb±ni ±d²navavibh±vanato. Nikant²ti nik±man±, rasataºha½ sandh±ya vadati. S± hi kaba¼²k±re ±h±re balavat², tenevettha avadh±raºa½ kata½. Bh±yati etasm±ti bhaya½, nikantiyeva bhaya½ mah±natthahetuto. Upagamana½ visayindriyaviññ±ºesu visayaviññ±ºesu ca saªgativasena pavatti, ta½ vedan±di-uppattihetut±ya “bhayan”ti vutta½. Avadh±raºe payojana½ vuttanayameva. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. ¾y³hana½ abhisandahana½, sa½vidh±nantipi vadanti. Ta½ bhav³papattihetut±ya “bhayan”ti vutta½. Abhinip±to tattha tattha bhave paµisandhiggahaºavasena viññ±ºassa nibbatti. So bhav³papattihetuk±na½ sabbesa½ anatth±na½ m³lak±raºat±ya “bhayan”ti vutta½. Id±ni nikanti-±d²na½ sappaµibhayata½ vitth±rato dassetu½ “ki½ k±raº±”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha nikanti½ katv±ti ±laya½ janetv±, taºha½ upp±detv±ti attho. S²t±d²na½ purakkhat±ti s²t±d²na½ purato µhit±, s²t±d²hi b±dhiyam±n±ti attho.

Phassa½ upagacchant±ti cakkhusamphass±dibheda½ phassa½ pavattent±. Phassass±dinoti k±yasamphassavasena phoµµhabbasaªkh±tassa ass±danas²l±. K±yasamphassavasena hi satt±na½ phoµµhabbataºh± pavattat²ti dassetu½ phass±h±r±d²navadassane phoµµhabb±rammaºa½ uddhaµa½ “paresa½ rakkhitagopites³”ti-±din±. Phassass±dinoti v± phass±h±rass±dinoti attho. Sati hi phass±h±re satt±na½ phass±rammaºe ass±do, n±sati, ten±ha “phassass±dam³lakan”ti-±di.

J±tinimittassa bhayassa abhinip±tasabh±vena gahitatt± “tamm³lakan”ti vutta½. Kamm±y³hananimittanti attho. Bhaya½ sabbanti pañcav²sati, tividhamah±bhaya½, aññañca sabbabhaya½ ±gatameva hoti bhay±dhiµµh±nassa attabh±vassa nipph±danato.

Abhinipatat²ti abhinibbattati. Paµham±bhinibbatti hi satt±na½ tattha tattha aªg±rak±susadise bhave abhinip±tasadis². Tamm³lakatt±ti n±mar³panibbattim³lakatt±. Sabbabhay±na½ abhinip±toyeva bhaya½ bh±yati etasm±ti katv±.

Appeti viy±ti phalassa attal±bhahetubh±vato k±raºa½, ta½ niyy±deti viya. Tanti phala½. Tatoti k±raºato. Etesanti ±h±r±na½ Yath±vutten±ti “phala½ nidet²”ti-±din± vuttappak±rena atthena. Sabbapades³ti “vedan±nirodhen±”ti-±d²su sabbesu padesu.

Paµisandhi½ ±di½ katv±ti paµisandhikkhaºa½ ±di½ katv±. Up±diººaka-±h±re sandh±ya “attabh±vasaªkh±t±na½ ±h±r±nan”ti vutta½. Te hi nippariy±yato taºh±nid±n±. Paripuºº±yatan±na½ satt±na½ sattasantativasen±ti paripuºº±yatan±na½ sabh±vak±na½ cakkhu sota½ gh±na½ jivh± k±yo bh±vo vatth³ti imesa½ sattanna½ santat²na½ vasena. Ses±na½ aparipuºº±yatan±na½ andhabadhira-abh±vak±na½. Ðna-³nasantativasen±ti cakkhun±, sotena, tadubhayena, bh±vena ca ³na-³nasantativasena. Paµisandhiya½ j±t± paµisandhik±. Paµhamabhavaªgacittakkhaº±d²ti ±di-saddena tad±rammaºacittassa saªgaho daµµhabbo.

Taºh±yapi nid±na½ j±n±t²ti yojan±. Taºh±nid±nantipi p±µho. Vaµµa½ dassetv±ti sar³pato nayato ca sakalameva vaµµa½ dassetv±. Id±ni tamattha½ vitth±rato vibh±vetu½ “imasmiñca pana µh±ne”ti-±dim±ha. At²t±bhimukha½ desana½ katv±ti paccuppannabhavato paµµh±ya at²tadhamm±bhimukha½ tabbisaya½ desana½ katv± tath±k±raºena. At²tena vaµµa½ dasset²ti at²tabhavena kammakilesavip±kavaµµa½ dasseti. Attabh±voti paccuppanno attabh±vo. Yadi eva½ kasm± “at²tena vaµµa½ dasset²”ti vuttanti? N±ya½ doso “at²tenev±”ti anavadh±raºato, evañca katv± at²t±bhimukhaggahaºa½ janakakamma½ gahita½, taºh±s²sena n±nantariyabh±vato. Na hi kammun± vin± taºh± bhavanetti yujjati.

Ta½ kammanti taºh±s²sena vuttakamma½. Dassetunti ta½ at²ta½ attabh±va½ dassetu½. Tassattabh±vassa janaka½ kammanti tassa yath±vuttassa attabh±vassa janaka½. Tato parampi attabh±va½ ±y³hita½ kamma½ dassetu½ vutta½. Avijj± ca n±ma taºh± viya kammatt±ti kammasseva gahaºa½. Dv²su µh±nes³ti ±h±raggahaºena vedan±diggahaºen±ti dv²su µh±nesu. Attabh±voti paccuppannak±liko at²tak±liko ca attabh±vo. Puna dv²s³ti taºh±ggahaºe avijj±saªkh±raggahaºeti dv²su µh±nesu. Tassa janakanti paccuppannassa ceva at²tassa ca attabh±vassa janaka½ kamma½ vuttanti yojan± Kammaggahaºena cettha yattha ta½ kamma½ ±y³hita½, s± at²t± j±ti atthato dassit± hoti. Tena sa½s±ravaµµassa anamataggata½ d²peti. Saªkhepen±ti saªkhepena hetupañcakaphalapañcakaggahaºampi hi saªkhepo eva hetuphalabh±vena saªgahetabbadhamm±na½ anekavidhatt±.

Yadi at²tena vaµµa½ dassita½, eva½ sati sappades± paµiccasamupp±dadhammadesan± hot²ti dassento “tatr±yan”ti-±dim±ha. Tena hi yadipi sar³pato an±gatena vaµµa½ idha na dassita½, nayato pana tassapi dassitatt± nippades± eva paµiccasamupp±dadesan±ti dasseti. Id±ni tamattha½ upam±ya vibh±vetu½ “yath± h²”ti-±di vutta½. Udakapiµµhe nipannanti udaka½ pariplavavasena nipanna½. Parabh±ganti para-uttamaªgabh±ga½. Oratoti tato aparabh±gato olokento. Aparipuººoti vikal±vayavo. Eva½sampadanti-±di upam±ya sa½sandana½.

Yath± hi g²v± sar²rasandh±rakakaº¹ar±na½ m³laµµh±nabh³t±, eva½ attabh±vasandh±rak±na½ saªkh±r±na½ m³labh³t± taºh±ti vutta½ “g²v±ya diµµhak±lo”ti. Yath± vedan±di-anek±vayavasamud±yabh³to attabh±vo, eva½ ph±sukapiµµhikaº¹ak±di-anek±vayavasamud±yabh³t± piµµh²ti “piµµhiy±…pe… tassa diµµhak±lo”ti vutta½. Taºh±saªkh±tanti taºh±ya kathita½. Idha desan±ya paccay± avijj±saªkh±r± veditabb±ti “naªguµµham³lassa diµµhak±lo viy±”ti vutta½. Tath± hi pariyos±ne “naªguµµham³la½ passeyy±”ti upam±dassana½ kata½. Nayato paripuººabh±vaggahaºa½ veditabba½. P±¼iya½ an±gatass±pi paccayavaµµassa hetuvasena phalavasena v± paripuººabh±vassa mukhamattadassan²yatt± ±dito phalahetusandhi, majjhe hetuphalasandhi, antepi phalahetusandh²ti eva½ tisandhikatt± catusaªkhepameva vaµµa½ dassitanti.

¾h±rasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.