“Kabba½ na dussataªgehi, ny³namapyatra kehici;
bandhaªgasampad± taññ³, k±mam±r±dhayanti ce”ti.

Tassattho– atra imesu kabbaªgesu majjhe kehici aªgehi kehici avayavehi ny³namapi ³namapi, nisaddotratabbh±ve. Kabba½ na dussati, ta½ pana adussana½ bandhaªgasampad± racitapuravaººan±di-aªgasampad± taññ³ kabbaññ³ jane k±ma½ icch±nur³pa½ ce ±r±dhayanti, eva½ sante bhavati. Punapi n±yakavaººan±su sapakkhan±yaka½ vaººetv± tena nir±karaºabh±vampi. No ce, paccatthika½ vaººetv± attano n±yakena tass±bhibhavanampi vaººetu½ vaµµati. Vuttañhi–

“Guºato paµhama½ vatv±, n±yaka½ tena sattuno;
nir±karaºamiccesa, maggo pakatisundaro.
Va½sav²rasut±d²ni, vaººayitv± ripussapi;
tajjay± n±yakukka½sa-kathanañca sukheti no”ti.

8. Bandho ca n±ma saddatth±, sahit± dosavajjit±;

pajjagajjavimiss±na½, bheden±’ya½ tidh± bhave.

8. Evametehi sotujanasamuss±hana½ dassetv± id±ni kattumicchitabandhoti vutta½ bandhassa lakkhaºa½ kattum±rabhate “bandho c±”ti-±di. Dosavajjit± dosehi saddanissitehi, atthanissitehi ca virodhehi vajjit± pariccatt±, te v± vajjit± yehi, saddatth± sahit± ek²bh³t±. Vuttalakkhaº± yehi te pubb±cariyehi sahit± vuccanti. Sahit±na½ bh±vo sahadayahil±dak±raºa½ s±dhya½ s±hicca½. Iti dosavajjite sahite saddatthe pasiddhabh±vena anuvaditv± bandho n±ma sabh±vavuttivaªkavutti-alaªk±ravuttivasena tividhop²ti appasiddha½ bandhasar²ra½ vidh²yate yath± “yo kuº¹al², so devadatto”ti. Casaddovattabbantarassa samuccayo, kiñc²ti attho.

Tattha j±tiguºakriy±dabbalakkhaºo sadd±namattho mukhyo catubbidho hoti. Mukhyassatthassa catubbidhatt± tividhesu saddesu tabb±cako catubbidho hoti j±tisaddo guºasaddo kriy±saddo dabbasaddoti. Tividho hi saddo v±cako lakkhaºiko byañjakoti by±p±rabhedena. By±p±ro ca n±ma saddassa’tthappat²tik±rittameva. So hi tividho mukhyo lakkhaºo byañjanasabh±vo ceti. Tattha j±ty±dinirantaratthavisayo saddaby±p±ro mukhyo. Soyeva abhidh±ti uccate. Ta½by±p±rav± abyavahitaj±ty±disakehi tamattha½ mukhyabh±vena yo vadati go-±diko, so v±cako. Saddantaratthavisayaniddiµµho saddaby±p±ro lakkhaºo. S± duvidh± suddh±, upac±ramiss± ceti. Tattha suddh± yath± “go muccatu, mañc± ugghosenti, gaªg±ya½ ghoso”ti. Ettha gosaddena visesana½ gottas±maññamevoccate, na tu gobyatti. Vuttañhi–

“Visesya½n±bhidh± gacche, kh²ºasatti visesane”ti [k±byappak±se dutiya-ull±se ±gatany±yo’ya½].

S±maññassa by±pakatt±, asar²ratt± ca. Tattha bandhanamocan±ni na sambhavant²ti attano nissayabh³t± gobyatti ±ka¹¹h²yate, tath± mañc±namugghosana½ na sambhavat²ti attano ugghosanakriy±siddhyattha½ mañcasamaªgino puris± ±ka¹¹h²yanti. Tath± gaªg±saddav±ccassa jalappav±hassa ghosappaty±karat± na sambhavat²ti gaªg±saddo attanobhidheyyassodakappav±hassa nikaµa½ taµa½ lakkheti. Upac±rass±nekappak±ratt± upac±ramiss± lakkhaº±pyanekadh± siy±. Yath± katthaci k±raºe k±r²yamupacariyate, yath± “±yu ghatan”ti. Katthaci k±raºak±riy±namabhedo yath± “±yuyevedan”ti. Katthaci upam±ne upameyyamupacar²yate, yath± “go b±hiko”ti. Katthaci abhedo tesa½, yath± “goyev±yan”ti. Katthaci tad±dh±rat±ya [tadatthat±ya (ka.)] ta½byapadeso, yath± “pad²paµµh± kapallik± pad²po”ti. Katthaci ta½kammasambandh± ta½byapadeso, yath± “ava¹¹hak²pi va¹¹hak² ayan”ti. Katthaci sa½s±misambandh±, yath± “r±jasambandh² puriso r±j±yan”ti. Katthaci avayave samud±yabyapadeso, yath± “paµekadese paµasaddo” icc±di.

Lakkhaº±ya nissayo saddo lakkhaºiko. Byañjanasabh±vo pana parapariy±yo saddassa tatiyo by±p±ro. Tassa nissayo saddo byañjanako. Icceta½ tiººa½ sadd±na½ vasena atthopi tividho hoti v±cco lakkhaºiyo byaªgyoti. Tattha byaªgyoyevattho bandhasatth± vuccate. Teneva padh±nabyaªgyo bandho uttamo, apadh±nabyaªgyo majjhimo, abyaªgyo adhamo, byaªgyena vin± bandho nijj²vo siy±ti pubb±cariy±na½ pavatti, sabh±vavutti bandhopi tu nijj²voti n±saªkan²yo. Yasm± kav²na½ lokavoh±rakosalla½ sabh±vavuttiyeva gameti. Yo hi sakalalokaµµhiti½ na j±n±ti, so kaviyeva na hot²ti.

Athettha tividhampi attha½ t±disajan±vabodhattha½ samud±hariss±ma “munindavadanambhoje”ty±di. Ettha v±º²saddassa saddhammasaªkh±to attho v±ccattho. V±º² n±ma cetan±, tassa½ y±va devatattha½ n±ropyate, t±va tappat² attano manosamp²ºana-±s²san± na sa½gacchat²ti v±kyas±matthiy±yeva v±ºiya½ s±yamocityabhedena devat±saddassa ±ropitottho lakkhaºiyo. Tath± vadanasaddass±pi mukha½ v±ccattho. Ambhojasaddassa sam±ropitottho lakkhaºiyo. Manosamp²ºanassa tu aññath± anupapattiy± passaddhy±dikkamena yath±bh³t±vabodhasambhav± an±y±sena vicitt±nekasaddatthapaµibh±nena ganthaparisamattisaªkh±t± yathicchitatthanipphatti hoteva, aya½ byaªgyattho. Tabb±cak± sadd± v±cakalakkhaºikabyañjak± hont²ti eva½ sabbattha saddatthavic±ro gantabbo.

Tameva½ yath±vuttabandhasar²ra½ katividhamicc±ha “pajje”cc±di. Aya½ yath±vutto bandho bandhasar²ra½ tidh± bhave tippak±rena siy±, n±dhika½ n±py³na½. Katha½? Pajjagajjavimiss±na½ bhedena pajjasabh±v±d²na½ visesena tidh± bhaveti pakata½. Tattha pajja½ n±ma amhehiyeva viracitavuttoday±khye chandasi nir³pit± vuttaj±tippabhed± catuppadikatth± nir³pito muttak±dipi vuttaj±tippak±royeva. Tenevettha tesamadassana½. Tesu ekag±th± niµµhitatth± sappadh±n± g±thantar±nirapekkh± muttaka½, ekakriy±d±nena aññamaññas±pekkh± niµµhitatth± pacceka½ aniµµhitatth± g±th± kulaka½, n±n±bhittiyo bhinnakiriyo sappadh±n± g±th± koso viya µhapit± koso, ekabhittipados±dika½ vaººetu½ samud±yena pavatt± bhinnakriy± g±th± saªgh±to, sopi catubbidho pajjappak±ro yath±vuttasaggabandhov±ti viññ±tabba½. Gajja½ n±ma p±dasanniµµh±narahito sy±dyantaty±dyantappabandho. Tassa tu dve pak±r± ±khy±yik±, kath±ti. Vimissa½ pajjagajjamaya½ n±µakappakaraº±di, camp³ j±takam±l±dik± ca.

8. Id±ni sañj±nan±bhil±s²na½ alaªk±ranissita½ bandhasar²ra½, sova bandhoti adhikata½, “yo kuº¹al², so devadatto”ti pasiddhakuº¹alitt±nuv±dena appasiddhassa devadattattavidh±na½ viya dassento “bandho”cc±dim±ha. Tattha bandho n±ma ca bandhana½ pana. Dosavajjit± saddatthanissitadosehi pariccatt±, te v± vajjit± etehi t±dis±. Sahit± aññamaññ±nur³patthena sahabh±va½ gat±. Saddatth± saddo, attho ca. Eva½pak±rehi tu ²disasaddatth±na½ viññ³na½ tuµµhijanaka-aññamaññ±nur³paguºasahit±na½ bh±voti vacanatthena “s±hicca”miti vadanti. Saddatth±ti ettha saddatth±na½ ki½ n±n±karaºanti? Saddo pana atthappat²tiya½ attano mukhyaby±p±ra½ lakkhaºaby±p±ra½ byañjanasabh±vaby±p±rañceti tividha½ by±p±rabhedena. Kamato v±cako lakkhaºiko byañjanako ceti tividho. Tath± atthopi v±cco lakkhaºiyo byaªgyo cebhi tividho. Atra tu v±cako saddo attan± d²petabbamukhyatthassa j±tiguºakriy±dabbabhedena catubbidhatt± sayampi j±tiguºakriy±dabbasaddavasena catubbidho. V±cakasaddassa mukhyaby±p±ro “abhidh±”ti ca vohar²yati. So mukhyaby±p±ro j±ty±d²hi abyavahitattheva vattate. Tath± hi “go n²la½ p±cako vis±ºi”cc±do go-±disadd±na½ mukhyaby±p±ro gopiº¹an²lapaµap±cakakattusiªg²ti dabb±na½ visesanabh³taj±tiguºakriy±dabbesveva pavattati, na pana j±ty±d²na½ nissayabh³tagopiº¹±d²s³ti. Vutta½ hi–

“Visesya½ n±bhidh± gacche, kh²ºasatti visesane”ti [k±byappak±se dutiya-ull±se ±gatany±yo’ya½].

Tassattho– visesane visesanabh³taj±ty±dimhi kh²ºasatti kh²ºaby±p±ravat² abhidh± mukhyaby±p±rova visesya½ dabba½ na gacche na p±puº±t²ti.

J±ty±d²na½ nissayagopiº¹±dika½ abhidh± na vadati ce, evañca sati “go gacchati, n²la½ niv±seti, p±cako ±gacchati, siªg² dh±vati”cc±d²su j±ty±divisiµµhagopiº¹±d²na½ go-±disaddassa katha½ v±cakatta½ yujjat²ti? Dabb±dh²naj±tiguº±d²su vuttesu tabbisiµµhassa dabbassa pariy±yato v±cakatt±. Nippariy±yato pana suddhalakkhaºaby±p±rasseva visayo. Lakkhaºaby±p±ropi suddho upac±ramissoti duvidho. Tattha suddho lakkhaºaby±p±ro j±ty±divajjitatthavisayo. Tath± hi “go gacchati, n²la½ niv±seti, p±cako ±gacchati, siªg² dh±vati, mañc± ugghosenti, gaªg±ya½ ghoso”ty±d²su j±tiguºakriy±siªgadabbamañcagaªg±d²na½ gaman±d²hi yog±sambhavato j±tiguº±dayo atikkamma yath±kkama½ gamananiv±sana-±gamanadh±vana-ugghosanaghos±d²na½ nissayabh³tagopiº¹±dayo par±masati.

Misso tu upac±rabhedena bahuvidho. Tath± hi katthaci k±raºe k±riyamupacar²yate, yath± “±yughatan”ti, ettha ±yuva¹¹hanak±raºabh³te ghate k±riyabh³ta-±yuno voh±ro ±ropito hoti. Uparipi upac±ro yath±yoga½ yojetabbo. Ata½sabh±ve hi ta½sabh±v±ropana½ upac±ro. Katthaci k±raºak±riy±namabhedo, yath± “±yuyeva ghatan”ti. Katthaci upameyya-upam±nopac±ro, yath± “go b±hiko”ti. Katthaci upam±na-upameyy±namabhedo, yath± “goyev±ya½ b±hiko”ti. Katthaci tad±dh±rat±ya tad³pac±ro, yath± “pad²paµµh± kapallik± pad²po”ti. Katthaci kriy±sambandhena ta½byapadeso, yath± “ava¹¹hak²pi va¹¹hak² ayan”ti. Katthaci sa½s±misambandhena ta½byapadeso, yath± “r±javallabhopi r±j± ayan”ti. Katthaci avayave samud±yabyapadeso, yath± “paµo da¹¹ho”ti. Imin± mukhena upac±rabhedo daµµhabbo. Byañjanasabh±vaby±p±ro eva “dhanan”ti ca vuccati, tassa tatiyaby±p±rassa visayo t±disav±kyameva v±ti daµµhabbo.

Ettha byaªgyattha½ bandhassa j²vitamiti ca, byaªgyatthapadh±na½ bandhamuttamanti ca, byaªgyatthapadh±narahita½ majjhimanti ca, abyaªgyabandha½ adhamamiti ca vadanti. Honti cettha–

Atthappat²tiya½ sadda-by±p±ro tividho bhave;
mukhyo lakkhaºabyañjana-sabh±vo c±ti ettha tu.
Abhidh±parapariy±yo, by±p±ro paµhamo bhave;
dhanant±parapariy±yo, by±p±ro tatiyo puna.
Mukhyo nirantaratthesu, lakkhaº± tu tirohite;
atthe’taro tu v±kyassa, attheyeva pavattati.
By±p±rassa pabhedena, tidh± saddopi v±cako;
lakkhaºiko byañjakoti, tadatthopi tidh± mato.
V±cco lakkhaºiyo byaªgyo-cceva½ saddesu v±cako;
j±tiguºakriy±dabba-bhedena so catubbidho.
V±ccatthassa catuddh±va, bhinnatt± j±ti-±dito;
j±ty±d²na½ pabhedena, tath± lakkhaºiko mato.
Upac±rabahuttena, bhede satipi tassa tu;
byañjako tu anaññatt±, visu½ tehi na vuccat²ti.

Lakkhaºato eva½ veditabba½– “munindavadanambhoje” ty±dig±th±ya½ vadanasaddassa mukhattho v±ccattho, ±ropita-ambhojattho lakkhaºiyattho. Ambhojasaddassa padumattho v±ccattho, upacaritamukhattho lakkhaºiyattho. V±ºisaddassa saddhammasaªkh±to attho v±ccattho, ±ropitadevat±-attho lakkhaºiyattho. Ettha ±s²san± n±ma yath±vuttanayena puññ±tisayat±, tato idha abhimatatthab±dhak±kusalaniv±raºañca kusal±namanubalappad±nañca tato k±yacittap²¼±vigamo ca tato sukhappaµil±bho ca tato cittasam±dh±nañca tatoyeva anekavidhatth±vabodho ca tato abhimataganthaparisamatti ca bhavat²tyaya½ v±kyas±matthiyato laddhattho byaªgyatto. Ta½ta½atthappak±sak± sadd± v±cakalakkhaºikabyañjanak± n±ma bhavanti. Eva½ saddasaddatthavic±ro veditabbo.