“Yena dev³papatyassa, gandhabbo v± vihaªgamo;
yakkhatta½ yena gaccheyya½, manussattañca abbaje;
te mayha½ ±sav± kh²º±, viddhast± vina¼²kat±”ti. (A. ni. 4.36).

Ta½ta½gatisa½vattanak±nañhi kammakiles±na½ aggamaggena bodhim³leyeva suppah²natt± natthi bhagavato gatipariy±pannat±ti accantameva bhagav± sabbabhavayonigativiññ±ºaµµhitisatt±v±sasattanik±yehi suparimutto, ta½ gativimutta½. Vandeti nam±mi, thomem²ti v± attho.

Atha v± gativimuttanti anup±disesanibb±nadh±tuppattiy± bhagavanta½ thometi. Ettha hi dv²h±k±rehi bhagavato thoman± veditabb±– attahitasampattito, parahitapaµipattito ca. Tesu attahitasampatti an±varaºañ±º±dhigamato, sav±san±na½ sabbesa½ kiles±na½ accantappah±nato, anup±disesanibb±nappattito ca veditabb±. Parahitapaµipatti l±bhasakk±r±dinirapekkhacittassa sabbadukkhaniyy±nikadhammadesan±to, viruddhesupi nicca½ hitajjh±sayato, ñ±ºaparip±kak±l±gamanato ca. S± panettha ±sayato payogato ca duvidh± parahitapaµipatti, tividh± ca attahitasampatti pak±sit± hoti. Katha½? “Karuº±s²talahadayan”ti etena ±sayato parahitapaµipatti, samm± gadanatthena sugata-saddena payogato parahitapaµipatti, “paññ±pajjotavihatamohatama½ gativimuttan”ti etehi catusaccapaµivedhatthena ca sugata-saddena tividh±pi attahitasampatti, avasiµµhena, “paññ±pajjotavihatamohataman”ti etena ca sabb±pi attahitasampattiparahitapaµipatti pak±sit± hot²ti.

Atha v± t²h±k±rehi bhagavato thoman± veditabb±– hetuto, phalato, upak±rato ca. Tattha hetu mah±karuº±, s± paµhamapadena nidassit±. Phala½ catubbidha½– ñ±ºasampad±, pah±nasampad±, ±nubh±vasampad±, r³pak±yasampad± c±ti. T±su ñ±ºappah±nasampad± dutiyapadena saccappaµivedhatthena ca sugata-saddena pak±sit± honti. ¾nubh±vasampad± tatiyapadena, r³pak±yasampad± yath±vuttak±yagamanasobhanatthena sugata-saddena, lakkhaº±nubyañjanap±rip³riy± (d². ni. 2.33; 3.198-200; ma. ni. 2.385-386) vin± tadabh±vato. Upak±ro antara½ ab±hira½ karitv± tividhay±namukhena vimuttidhammadesan±, so samm± gadanatthena sugata-saddena pak±sito hot²ti veditabba½.

Tattha “karuº±s²talahadayan”ti etena samm±sambodhiy± m³la½ dasseti. Mah±karuº±sañcoditam±naso hi bhagav± sa½s±rapaªkato satt±na½ samuddharaºattha½ kat±bhin²h±ro anupubbena p±ramiyo p³retv± anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ adhigatoti karuº± samm±sambodhiy± m³la½. “Paññ±pajjotavihatamohataman”ti etena samm±sambodhi½ dasseti. An±varaºañ±ºapadaµµh±nañhi maggañ±ºa½, maggañ±ºapadaµµh±nañca an±varaºañ±ºa½ “samm±sambodh²”ti vuccat²ti. Samm± gadanatthena sugata-saddena samm±sambodhiy± paµipatti½ dasseti, l²nuddhaccapatiµµh±n±y³hanak±masukhallikattakilamath±nuyoga- sassatucched±bhinives±di-antadvayarahit±ya karuº±paññ±pariggahit±ya majjhim±ya paµipattiy± pak±sanato sugata-saddassa. Itarehi samm±sambodhiy± padh±n±ppadh±nabheda½ payojana½ dasseti. Sa½s±ramahoghato sattasant±raºañcettha padh±na½ payojana½, tadaññamappadh±na½. Tesu padh±nena parahitappaµipatti½ dasseti, itarena attahitasampatti½, tadubhayena attahit±ya paµipann±d²su (pu. pa. 24, 173) cat³su puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabh±va½ dasseti. Tena ca anuttaradakkhiºeyyabh±va½ uttamavandan²yabh±va½, attano ca vandanakiriy±ya khettaªgatabh±va½ dasseti.

Ettha ca karuº±ggahaºena lokiyesu mahaggatabh±vappatt±s±dh±raºaguºad²panato bhagavato sabbalokiyaguºasampatti dassit± hoti, paññ±ggahaºena sabbaññutaññ±ºapadaµµh±namaggañ±ºad²panato sabbalokuttaraguºasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaºasiddho hi attho “sanar±maralokagarun”ti-±din± vipañc²yat²ti. Karuº±ggahaºena ca upagamana½ nirupakkilesa½ dasseti, paññ±ggahaºena apagamana½. Tath± karuº±ggahaºena lokasamaññ±nur³pa½ bhagavato pavatti½ dasseti, lokavoh±ravisayatt± karuº±ya, paññ±ggahaºena samaññ±y±navidh±vana½. Sabh±v±navabodhena hi dhamm±na½ samañña½ atidh±vitv± satt±dipar±masana½ hot²ti. Tath± karuº±ggahaºena mah±karuº±sam±pattivih±ra½ dasseti, paññ±ggahaºena t²su k±lesu appaµihatañ±ºa½, catusaccañ±ºa½, catuppaµisambhid±ñ±ºa½, catuvess±rajjañ±ºa½. Karuº±ggahaºena mah±karuº±sam±pattiñ±ºassa gahitatt± ses±s±dh±raºañ±º±ni, cha abhiññ±, aµµhasu paris±su (ma. ni. 1.151) akampanañ±º±ni, dasa bal±ni, cuddasa buddhañ±º±ni, so¼asa ñ±ºacariy±, aµµh±rasa buddhadhamm±, (d². ni. aµµha. 3.305; vibha. m³la. µ². ganth±rambhavaººan±ya) catucatt±r²sa ñ±ºavatth³ni, (sa½. ni. 2.34) sattasattati ñ±ºavatth³n²ti (sa½. ni. 2.34) evam±d²na½ anekesa½ paññ±ppabhed±na½ vasena ñ±ºac±ra½ dasseti.

Tath± karuº±ggahaºena caraºasampatti½, paññ±ggahaºena vijj±sampatti½. Karuº±ggahaºena satt±dhipatit±, paññ±ggahaºena dhamm±dhipatit±. Karuº±ggahaºena lokan±thabh±vo, paññ±ggahaºena attan±thabh±vo. Tath± karuº±ggahaºena pubbak±ribh±vo, paññ±ggahaºena kataññut± Tath± karuº±ggahaºena aparantapat±, paññ±ggahaºena anattantapat±. Karuº±ggahaºena v± buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññ±ggahaºena buddhabh±vasiddhi. Tath± karuº±ggahaºena paresa½ t±raºa½, paññ±ggahaºena saya½ t±raºa½. Tath± karuº±ggahaºena sabbasattesu anuggahacittat±, paññ±ggahaºena sabbadhammesu virattacittat± dassit± hoti. Sabbesañca buddhaguº±na½ karuº± ±di, tannid±nabh±vato. Paññ± pariyos±na½, tato uttarikaraº²y±bh±vato. Iti ±dipariyos±nadassanena sabbe buddhaguº± dassit± honti. Tath± karuº±ggahaºena s²lakkhandhapubbaªgamo sam±dhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuº±nid±nañhi s²la½, tato p±º±tip±t±diviratippavattito, s± ca jh±nattayasampayogin²ti. Paññ±vacanena paññ±kkhandho. S²lañca sabbabuddhaguº±nam±di, sam±dhi majjhe, paññ± pariyos±nanti. Evampi ±dimajjhapariyos±nakaly±º± sabbe buddhaguº± dassit± honti, nayato dassitatt±. Eso eva hi niravasesato buddhaguº±na½ dassanup±yo, yadida½ nayagg±haºa½. Aññath± ko n±ma samattho bhagavato guºe anupada½ niravasesato dassetu½. Tenev±ha–

“Buddhopi buddhassa bhaºeyya vaººa½,
kappampi ce aññamabh±sam±no;
kh²yetha kappo cirad²ghamantare,
vaººo na kh²yetha tath±gatass±”ti. (D². ni. aµµha. 1.304; d². ni. aµµha. 3.141; ma. ni. aµµha. 3.425, ud±. aµµha. 53; bu. va½. aµµha. 4.4; cariy±. aµµha. nid±nakath±ya½, pakiººakakath±ya½; apa. aµµha. 2.6.20).

Teneva ca ±yasmat± s±riputtattheren±pi buddhaguºaparicchedana½ pati anuyuttena “no heta½ bhante”ti (d². ni. 2.145) paµikkhipitv±, “api ca me bhante dhammanvayo vidito”ti (d². ni. 2.146) vutta½.

Eva½ saªkhepena sakalasabbaññuguºehi bhagavanta½ abhitthavitv± id±ni saddhamma½ thometu½ “buddhop²”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha buddhoti kattuniddeso. Buddhabh±vanti kammaniddeso. Bh±vetv±, sacchikatv±ti ca pubbak±lakiriy±niddeso. Yanti aniyamato kammaniddeso. Upagatoti aparak±lakiriy±niddeso. Vandeti kiriy±niddeso, tanti niyamana½. Dhammanti vandanakiriy±ya kammaniddeso. Gatamala½, anuttaranti ca tabbisesana½.

Tattha buddha-saddassa t±va “bujjhit± sacc±n²ti buddho, bodhet± paj±y±ti buddho”ti-±din± (mah±ni. 192; c³¼ani. 95-97; paµi. ma. 1.162) niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha v± sav±san±ya aññ±ºanidd±ya accantavigamato, buddhiy± v± vikasitabh±vato buddhav±ti buddho, j±garaºavikasanatthavasena. Atha v± kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abh±vena ñeyyavisesassa kammabh±vena aggahaºato kammavacanicch±ya abh±vena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhat²ti buddhav±ti buddho, yath± “dikkhito na dad±t²”ti, atthato pana p±ramit±paribh±vito sayambh³ñ±ºena saha v±san±ya vihataviddhastaniravasesakileso mah±karuº±sabbaññutaññ±º±di-aparimeyya guºagaº±dh±ro khandhasant±no buddho. Yath±ha–

“Buddhoti yo so bhagav± sayambh³ an±cariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu s±ma½ sacc±ni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññuta½ patto, balesu ca vas²bh±van”ti (mah±ni. 192; c³¼ani. 95-97; paµi. ma. 1.162).

Api-saddo sambh±vane, tena “eva½ guºavisesayutto sopi n±ma bhagav±”ti vakkham±naguºe dhamme sambh±vana½ d²peti. Buddhabh±vanti samm±sambodhi½. Bh±vetv±ti upp±detv±, va¹¹hetv± ca. Sacchikatv±ti paccakkha½ katv±. Upagatoti patto, adhigatoti attho, etassa “buddhabh±van”ti etena sambandho. Gatamalanti vigatamala½, niddosanti attho. Vandeti paºam±mi, thomemi v±. Anuttaranti uttararahita½, lokuttaranti attho. Dhammanti yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjam±ne ap±yato ca, sa½s±rato ca apatam±ne katv± dh±rayat²ti dhammo.

Ayañhettha saªkhepattho– eva½ vividhaguºasamann±gato buddhopi bhagav± ya½ ariyasaªkh±ta½ dhamma½ bh±vetv±, phalanibb±nasaªkh±ta½ pana sacchikatv± anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ adhigato, tameta½ buddh±nampi buddhabh±vahetubh³ta½ sabbadosamalarahita½ attano uttaritar±bh±vena anuttara½ paµivedhasaddhamma½ nam±m²ti. Pariyattisaddhammass±pi tappak±sanatt± idha saªgaho daµµhabbo. Atha v± “abhidhammanayasamudda½ bh±vetv± adhigacchi, t²ºi piµak±ni sammas²”ti ca aµµhakath±ya½ vuttatt± pariyattidhammass±pi sacchikiriy±sammasanapariy±yo labbhat²ti sopi idha vutto yev±ti daµµhabbo. Tath± “ya½ dhamma½ bh±vetv±, sacchikatv±”ti ca vuttatt± buddhakaradhammabh³t±hi p±ramit±hi saha pubbabh±ge adhis²lasikkh±dayopi idha dhamma-saddena saªgahit±ti veditabb±. T±pi hi vigatapaµipakkhat±ya vigatamal±, anaññas±dh±raºat±ya anuttar± c±ti. Tath± hi satt±na½ sakalavaµµadukkhanissaraº±ya katamah±bhin²h±ro mah±karuº±dhiv±sapesalajjh±sayo paññ±visesapariyod±tanimmal±na½ d±nadamasaññam±d²na½ uttamadhamm±na½ satasahass±dhik±ni kapp±na½ catt±ri asaªkheyy±ni sakkacca½ nirantara½ niravasesa½ bh±van±paccakkhakaraºehi kamm±d²su adhigatavas²bh±vo, acchariy±cinteyyamah±nubh±vo, adhis²la-adhicitt±na½ paramukka½sap±ramippatto bhagav± paccay±k±re catuv²satikoµisatasahassamukhena mah±vajirañ±ºa½ pesetv± anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambuddhoti.

Ettha ca “bh±vetv±”ti etena vijj±sampad±ya dhamma½ thometi, ‘sacchikatv±’ti etena vimuttisampad±ya. Tath± paµhamena jh±nasampad±ya, dutiyena vimokkhasampad±ya. Paµhamena v± sam±dhisampad±ya, dutiyena sam±pattisampad±ya. Atha v± paµhamena khayañ±ºabh±vena, dutiyena anupp±dañ±ºabh±vena. Purimena v± vijj³pamat±ya, dutiyena vajir³pamat±ya. Purimena v± vir±gasampattiy±, dutiyena nirodhasampattiy±. Tath± paµhamena niyy±nabh±vena, dutiyena nissaraºabh±vena. Paµhamena v± hetubh±vena, dutiyena asaªkhatabh±vena. Paµhamena v± dassanabh±vena, dutiyena vivekabh±vena. Paµhamena v± adhipatibh±vena, dutiyena amatabh±vena dhamma½ thometi. Atha v± “ya½ dhamma½ bh±vetv± buddhabh±va½ upagato”ti etena sv±kkh±tat±ya dhamma½ thometi, “sacchikatv±”ti etena sandiµµhikat±ya. Tath± purimena ak±likat±ya, pacchimena ehipassikat±ya. Purimena v± opaneyyikat±ya, pacchimena paccatta½ veditabbat±ya dhamma½ thometi.