“Gatamalan”ti imin± sa½kiles±bh±vad²panena dhammassa parisuddhata½ dasseti, “anuttaran”ti etena aññassa visiµµhassa abh±vad²panena vipulaparipuººata½. Paµhamena v± pah±nasampada½ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena pabh±vasampada½. Bh±vetabbat±ya v± dhammassa gatamalabh±vo yojetabbo Bh±van±guºena hi so dos±na½ samuggh±tako hot²ti. Sacchik±tabbabh±vena anuttarabh±vo yojetabbo. Sacchikiriy±nibbattito hi taduttarikaraº²y±bh±vato anaññas±dh±raºat±ya anuttaroti. Tath± “bh±vetv±”ti etena saha pubbabh±gas²l±d²hi sekkh± s²lasam±dhipaññ±kkhandh± dassit± honti, “sacchikatv±”ti etena saha asaªkhat±ya dh±tuy± asekkh± s²lasam±dhipaññ±kkhandh± dassit± hont²ti.

Eva½ saªkhepeneva sabbadhammaguºehi saddhamma½ abhitthavitv±, id±ni ariyasaªgha½ thometu½ “sugatass±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha sugatass±ti sambandhaniddeso, tassa “putt±nan”ti etena sambandho. Oras±nanti puttavisesana½. M±rasenamathan±nanti orasaputtabh±ve k±raºaniddeso, tena kilesappah±nameva bhagavato orasaputtabh±vak±raºa½ anuj±n±t²ti dasseti. Aµµhannanti gaºanaparicchedaniddeso, tena ca satipi tesa½ sattavisesabh±vena anekasatasahassasaªkhyabh±ve ima½ gaºanapariccheda½ n±tivattant²ti dasseti, maggaµµhaphalaµµhabh±v±nativattanato. Sam³hanti samud±yaniddeso. Ariyasaªghanti guºavisiµµhasaªgh±tabh±vaniddeso, tena asatipi ariyapuggal±na½ k±yas±maggiya½ ariyasaªghabh±va½ dasseti, diµµhis²las±maññena sa½hatabh±vato. Tattha urasi bhav± j±t±, sa½vaddh± ca oras±. Yath± hi satt±na½ orasaputt± attaj±tat±ya pitusantakassa d±yajjassa visesena bh±gino honti, evametepi ariyapuggal± samm±sambuddhassa savanante ariy±ya j±tiy± j±tat±ya bhagavato santakassa vimuttisukhassa, ariyadhammaratanassa ca ekantabh±ginoti oras± viya oras±. Atha v± bhagavato dhammadesan±nubh±vena ariyabh³mi½ okkamam±n±, okkant± ca ariyas±vak± bhagavato urov±y±majanit±bhij±tat±ya nippariy±yena “orasaputt±”ti vattabbata½ arahanti. S±vakehi pavattiyam±n±pi hi dhammadesan± bhagavato “dhammadesan±” icceva vuccati, ta½m³lakatt±, lakkhaº±divises±bh±vato ca.

Yadipi ariyas±vak±na½ ariyamagg±dhigamasamaye bhagavato viya tadantar±yakaraºattha½ devaputtam±ro m±rav±hin² v± na ekantena apas±deti, tehi pana apas±detabbat±ya k±raºe vimathite tepi vimathit± eva n±ma hont²ti ±ha– “m±rasenamathan±nan”ti. Imasmi½ panatthe ‘m±ram±rasenamathan±nan’ti vattabbe “m±rasenamathan±nan”ti ekadesasar³pekaseso katoti daµµhabba½. Atha v± khandh±bhisaªkh±ram±r±na½ viya devaputtam±rass±pi guºam±raºe sah±yabh±v³pagamanato kilesabalak±yo “sen±”ti vuccati. Yath±ha– “k±m± te paµham± sen±”ti-±di (su. ni. 438; mah±ni. 28, 68; c³¼ani. 47). S± ca tehi diya¹¹hasahassabhed±, anantabhed± v± kilesav±hin² satidhammavicayav²riyasamath±diguºapaharaºehi odhiso vimathit±, vihat±, viddhast± c±ti m±rasenamathan±, ariyas±vak±. Etena tesa½ bhagavato anuj±taputtata½ dasseti.

¾rakatt± kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariy±, niruttinayena. Atha v± sadevakena lokena “saraºan”ti araº²yato upagantabbato, upagat±nañca tadatthasiddhito ariy±, ariy±na½ saªghoti ariyasaªgho, ariyo ca so, saªgho c±ti v± ariyasaªgho, ta½ ariyasaªgha½. Bhagavato aparabh±ge buddhadhammaratan±nampi samadhigamo saªgharatan±dh²noti assa ariyasaªghassa bah³pak±rata½ dassetu½ idheva “siras± vande”ti vuttanti daµµhabba½.

Ettha ca “sugatassa oras±na½ putt±nan”ti etena ariyasaªghassa pabhavasampada½ dasseti, “m±rasenamathan±nan”ti etena pah±nasampada½, sakalasa½kilesappah±nad²panato. “Aµµhannampi sam³han”ti etena ñ±ºasampada½, maggaµµhaphalaµµhabh±vad²panato. “Ariyasaªghan”ti etena pabhavasampada½ dasseti, sabbasaªgh±na½ aggabh±vad²panato. Atha v± “sugatassa oras±na½ putt±nan”ti ariyasaªghassa visuddhanissayabh±vad²pana½, “m±rasenamathan±nan”ti samm±-ujuñ±yas±m²cippaµipannabh±vad²pana½, “aµµhannampi sam³han”ti ±huneyy±dibh±vad²pana½, “ariyasaªghan”ti anuttarapuññakkhettabh±vad²pana½. Tath± “sugatassa oras±na½ putt±nan”ti etena ariyasaªghassa lokuttarasaraºagamanasabbh±va½ d²peti. Lokuttarasaraºagamanena hi te bhagavato orasaputt± j±t±. “M±rasenamathan±nan”ti etena abhin²h±rasampad±siddha½ pubbabh±ge samm±paµipatti½ dasseti. Kat±bhin²h±r± hi samm± paµipann± m±ra½, m±raparisa½ v± abhivijinanti. “Aµµhannampi sam³han”ti etena viddhastavipakkhe sekkh±sekkhadhamme dasseti, puggal±dhiµµh±nena maggaphaladhamm±na½ pak±sitatt±. “Ariyasaªghan”ti aggadakkhiºeyyabh±va½ dasseti. Saraºagamanañca s±vak±na½ sabbaguº±nam±di, sapubbabh±gappaµipad± sekkh± s²lakkhandh±dayo majjhe, asekkh± s²lakkhandh±dayo pariyos±nanti ±dimajjhapariyos±nakaly±º± saªkhepato sabbe ariyasaªghaguº± pak±sit± honti.

Eva½ g±th±ttayena saªkhepato sakalaguºasaªkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paº±ma½ katv±, id±ni ta½ nipaccak±ra½ yath±dhippete payojane pariº±mento “iti me”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha ratijananaµµhena ratana½, buddhadhammasaªgh±. Tesañhi “itipi so bhagav±”ti-±din± yath±bh³taguºe ±vajjantassa amat±dhigamahetubh³ta½ anappaka½ p²tip±mojja½ uppajjati. Yath±ha–

“Yasmi½, mah±n±ma, samaye ariyas±vako tath±gata½ anussarati, nevassa tasmi½ samaye r±gapariyuµµhita½ citta½ hoti, na dosapariyuµµhita½ citta½ hoti, na mohapariyuµµhita½ citta½ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmi½ samaye citta½ hoti tath±gata½ ±rabbha. Ujugatacitto kho pana, mah±n±ma, ariyas±vako labhati atthaveda½, labhati dhammaveda½, labhati dhamm³pasa½hita½ p±mojja½, pamuditassa p²ti j±yat²”ti-±di (a. ni. 6.10; a. ni. 11.11).

Citt²kat±dibh±vo v± ratanaµµho. Vuttañheta½–

“Citt²kata½ mahagghañca, atula½ dullabhadassana½;
anomasattaparibhoga½, ratana½ tena vuccat²”ti. (Khu. p±. aµµha. 6.3; d². ni. aµµha. 2.33; su. ni. aµµha. 1.226; mah±ni. aµµha. 50).

Citt²katabh±v±dayo ca anaññas±dh±raº± buddh±d²su eva labbhant²ti. Vandan±va vandan±maya½, yath± “d±namaya½, s²lamayan”ti (d². ni. 3.305; itivu. 60; netti. 34). Vandan± cettha k±yav±c±cittehi tiººa½ ratan±na½ guºaninnat±, thoman± v±. Pujjabhavaphalanibbattanato puñña½, attano sant±na½ puº±t²ti v±. Suvihatantar±yoti suµµhu vihatantar±yo, etena attano pas±dasampattiy±, rattanattayassa ca khettabh±vasampattiy± ta½ puñña½ atthappak±sanassa upagh±taka-upaddav±na½ vihanane samatthanti dasseti. Hutv±ti pubbak±lakiriy±, tassa “attha½ pak±sayiss±m²”ti etena sambandho. Tass±ti ya½ ratanattayavandan±maya½ puñña½, tassa. ¾nubh±ven±ti balena.

Eva½ ratanattayassa nipaccak±rakaraºe payojana½ dassetv±, id±ni yass± dhammadesan±ya attha½ sa½vaººetuk±mo, tass± t±va guº±bhitthavanavasena upaññ±panattha½ “d²ghass±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha d²ghasuttaªkitass±ti d²ghappam±ºasuttalakkhitassa, etena “d²gho”ti aya½ imassa ±gamassa atth±nugat± samaññ±ti dasseti. Nanu ca sutt±niyeva ±gamo, kassa pana suttehi aªkananti? Saccameta½ paramatthato, sutt±ni pana up±d±yapaññatto ±gamo. Yath± hi atthabyañjanasamud±ye “suttan”ti voh±ro, eva½ suttasamud±ye “±gamo”ti voh±ro. Paµiccasamupp±d±dinipuºatthasabbh±vato nipuºassa. ¾gamissanti ettha, etena, etasm± v± attatthaparatth±dayoti ±gamo, ±gamo ca so varo c±ti ±gamavaro, ±gamasammatehi v± varoti ±gamavaro, tassa. Buddh±na½ anubuddh± buddh±nubuddh±, buddh±na½ saccapaµivedha½ anugamma paµividdhasacc± aggas±vak±dayo ariy±. Tehi atthasa½vaººan±vasena, guºasa½vaººan±vasena ca sa½vaººitassa. Atha v± buddh± ca anubuddh± ca buddh±nubuddh±ti yojetabba½. Samm±sambuddheneva hi tiººampi piµak±na½ atthavaººan±kkamo bh±sito, y± “pakiººakadesan±”ti vuccati, tato saªg±yan±divasena s±vakeh²ti ±cariy± vadanti.

Saddh±vahaguºass±ti buddh±d²su pas±d±vahasampattikassa. Ayañhi ±gamo brahmaj±l±d²su (d². ni. 1.5-7, 26-28) s²ladiµµh±d²na½ anavasesaniddes±divasena, mah±pad±n±d²su (d². ni. 2.3-5) purimabuddh±nampi guºaniddes±divasena, p±thikasutt±d²su (d². ni. 3.3,4) titthiye nimadditv± appaµivattiyas²han±da nadan±divasena, anuttariyasutt±d²su (a. ni. 6.8) ca visesato buddhaguºavibh±vanena ratanattaye s±tisayappas±da½ ±vahati. Sa½vaººan±su c±ya½ ±cariyassa pakati, y± ta½ta½sa½vaººan±su ±dito tassa tassa sa½vaººetabbassa dhammassa visesaguºakittanena thoman±. Tath± hi papañcas³dan²s±ratthappak±sin²manorathap³raº²su aµµhas±lin²±d²su ca yath±kkama½ “parav±damathanassa ñ±ºappabhedajananassa dhammakathikapuªgav±na½ vicittappaµibh±najananassa tassa gambh²rañ±ºehi og±¼hassa abhiºhaso n±n±nayavicittassa abhidhammass±”ti-±din± thoman± kat±.

Attho kath²yati et±y±ti atthakath±, s± eva aµµhakath±, ttha-k±rassa µµha-k±ra½ katv±, yath± “dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho”ti (paµi. ma. 2.8). ¾dito ti-±dimhi paµhamasaªg²tiya½. Cha¼abhiññat±ya paramena cittavas²bh±vena samann±gatatt±, jh±n±d²su pañcavidhavasit±sabbh±vato ca vasino, ther± mah±kassap±dayo. Tesa½ satehi pañcahi. Y±ti y± aµµhakath±. Saªg²t±ti attha½ pak±setu½ yuttaµµh±ne “aya½ etassa attho, aya½ etassa attho”ti saªgahetv± vutt±. Anusaªg²t± ca yasatther±d²hi pacch±pi dutiyatatiyasaªg²t²su, imin± attano sa½vaººan±ya ±gamanasuddhi½ dasseti.

S²hassa l±nato gahaºato s²ha¼o, s²hakum±ro. Ta½va½saj±tat±ya tambapaººid²pe khattiy±na½, tesa½ niv±sat±ya tambapaººid²passa ca s²ha¼abh±vo veditabbo. ¾bhat±ti jambud²pato ±n²t±. Ath±ti pacch±. Aparabh±ge hi asaªkarattha½ s²ha¼abh±s±ya aµµhakath± µhapit±ti. Tenassa m³laµµhakath± sabbas±dh±raº± na hot²ti ida½ atthappak±sana½ ekantena karaº²yanti dasseti. Tenev±ha– “d²pav±s²namatth±y±”ti. Tattha d²pav±s²nanti jambud²pav±s²na½. D²pav±s²nanti v± s²ha¼ad²pav±s²na½ atth±ya s²ha¼abh±s±ya µhapit±ti yojan±.

Apanetv±n±ti kañcukasadisa½ s²ha¼abh±sa½ apanetv±. Tatoti aµµhakath±to. Ahanti att±na½ niddisati. Manorama½ bh±santi m±gadhabh±sa½. S± hi sabh±vaniruttibh³t± paº¹it±na½ mana½ ramayat²ti. Tenev±ha– “tantinay±nucchavikan”ti, p±¼igatiy± anulomika½ p±¼ibh±s±y±nuvidh±yininti attho. Vigatadosanti asabh±vaniruttibh±santararahita½.

Samaya½ avilomentoti siddhanta½ avirodhento, etena atthados±bh±vam±ha. Aviruddhatt± eva hi therav±d±pi idha pak±siyissanti. Therava½sapad²p±nanti thirehi s²lakkhandh±d²hi samann±gatatt± ther±, mah±kassap±dayo. Tehi ±gat± ±cariyaparampar± therava½so, tappariy±pann± hutv± ±gam±dhigamasampannatt± paññ±pajjotena tassa samujjalanato therava½sapad²p±, mah±vih±rav±sino ther±, tesa½. Vividhehi ±k±rehi nicch²yat²ti vinicchayo, gaºµhiµµh±nesu kh²lamaddan±k±rena pavatt± vimaticchedakath±. Suµµhu nipuºo saºho vinicchayo etesanti sunipuºavinicchay±. Atha v± vinicchinot²ti vinicchayo, yath±vuttavisaya½ ñ±ºa½. Suµµhu nipuºo cheko vinicchayo etesanti sunipuºavinicchay±, etena mah±kassap±ditheraparampar±bhato, tatoyeva ca avipar²to saºhasukhumo mah±vih±rav±s²na½ vinicchayoti tassa pam±ºabh³tata½ dasseti.

Sujanassa c±ti ca-saddo sampiº¹anattho, tena na kevala½ jambud²pav±s²nameva atth±ya, atha kho s±dhujanatosanatthañc±ti dasseti, tena ca tambapaººid²pav±s²nampi atth±y±ti ayamattho siddho hoti, uggahaº±disukarat±ya tesampi bahupak±ratt±. Ciraµµhitatthanti ciraµµhiti-attha½ cirak±laµµhitiy±ti attho. Idañhi atthappak±sana½ avipar²tabyañjanasunikkhepassa atthasunayassa ca up±yabh±vato saddhammassa ciraµµhitiy± sa½vattati. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhamm± saddhammassa µhitiy± asammos±ya anantaradh±n±ya sa½vattanti. Katame dve? Sunikkhattañca padabyañjana½, attho ca sun²to”ti (a. ni. 2.21).

Ya½ atthavaººana½ kattuk±mo, tass± mahatta½ pariharitu½ “s²lakath±”ti-±di vutta½. Tenev±ha– “na ta½ idha vic±rayiss±m²”ti. Atha v± ya½ aµµhakatha½ kattuk±mo, tadekadesabh±vena visuddhimaggo ca gahetabboti kathik±na½ upadesa½ karonto tattha vic±ritadhamme uddesavasena dasseti “s²lakath±” ti-±din±. Tattha s²lakath±ti c±rittav±ritt±divasena s²lavitth±rakath±. Dhutadhamm±ti piº¹ap±tikaªg±dayo (visuddhi. 1.22; therag±. aµµha. 2.845, 849) terasa kilesadhunanakadhamm±. Kammaµµh±n±ni sabb±n²ti p±¼iya½ ±gat±ni aµµhati½sa, aµµhakath±ya½ dveti niravases±ni yogakammassa bh±van±ya pavattiµµh±n±ni. Cariy±vidh±nasahitoti r±gacarit±d²na½ sabh±v±dividh±nena sahito. Jh±n±ni catt±ri r³p±vacarajjh±n±ni, sam±pattiyo catasso ar³pasam±pattiyo. Aµµhapi v± paµiladdhamatt±ni jh±n±ni, sam±pajjanavas²bh±vappattiy± sam±pattiyo. Jh±n±ni v± r³p±r³p±vacarajjh±n±ni sam±pattiyo phalasam±pattinirodhasam±pattiyo.

Lokiyalokuttarabhed± cha abhiññ±yo sabb± abhiññ±yo. ѱºavibhaªg±d²su ±gatanayena ekavidh±din± paññ±ya saªkaletv± sampiº¹etv± nicchayo paññ±saªkalananicchayo.

Paccayadhamm±na½ het±d²na½ paccayuppannadhamm±na½ hetupaccay±dibh±vo paccay±k±ro, tassa desan± paccay±k±radesan±, paµiccasamupp±dakath±ti attho. S± pana ghanavinibbhogassa sudukkarat±ya saºhasukhum±, nik±yantaraladdhisaªkararahit±, ekattanay±disahit± ca tattha vic±rit±ti ±ha– “suparisuddhanipuºanay±”ti. Paµisambhid±d²su ±gatanaya½ avissajjetv±va vic±ritatt± avimuttatanti magg±.

Iti pana sabbanti iti-saddo parisam±pane, pana-saddo vacan±laªk±re, eta½ sabbanti attho. Idh±ti imiss± aµµhakath±ya½. Na vic±rayiss±mi, punaruttibh±vatoti adhipp±yo.

Id±ni tasseva avic±raºassa ekantak±raºa½ niddh±rento “majjhe visuddhimaggo”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha “majjhe µhatv±”ti etena majjhebh±vad²panena visesato catunna½ ±gam±na½ s±dh±raºaµµhakath± visuddhimaggo, na sumaªgalavil±sin²-±dayo viya as±dh±raºaµµhakath±ti dasseti. “Visesato”ti ida½ vinay±bhidhamm±nampi visuddhimaggo yath±raha½ atthavaººan± hoti yev±ti katv± vutta½.

Iccev±ti iti eva. Tamp²ti visuddhimaggampi. Et±y±ti sumaªgalavil±siniy±. Ettha ca “s²ha¼ad²pa½ ±bhat±”ti-±din± atthappak±sanassa nimitta½ dasseti, “d²pav±s²namatth±ya, sujanassa ca tuµµhattha½, ciraµµhitatthañca dhammass±”ti etena payojana½, avasiµµhena karaºappak±ra½. S²lakath±d²na½ avic±raºampi hi idha karaºappak±ro ev±ti.

Ganth±rambhakath±vaººan± niµµhit±.