Paµhamamah±saªg²tikath±vaººan±

Yass± paµhamamah±saªg²tiya½ nikkhitt±nukkamena sa½vaººana½ kattuk±mo, ta½, tass± ca tanti-±ru¼h±ya idha vacane k±raºa½ dassento “paµhamamah±saªg²ti…pe… veditabb±”ti ±ha. Tattha yath±paccaya½ tattha tattha desitatt± paññattatt± ca vippakiºº±na½ dhammavinay±na½ saªgahetv± g±yana½ kathana½ saªg²ti, etena ta½ta½sikkh±pad±na½ sutt±nañca ±dipariyos±nesu, antarantar± ca sambandhavasena µhapita½ saªg²tik±ravacana½ saªgahita½ hoti. Mah±visayatt±, p³jan²yatt± ca mahat² saªg²ti mah±saªg²ti, paµham± mah±saªg²ti paµhamamah±saªg²ti, tass± pavattik±lo paµhamamah±saªg²tik±lo, tasmi½ paµhamamah±saªg²tik±le. Nid±nanti ca desana½ desak±l±divasena avidita½ vidita½ katv± nidasset²ti nid±na½. Satt±na½ dassan±nuttariyasaraº±dipaµil±bhahetubh³t±su vijjam±n±supi aññ±su bhagavato kiriy±su “buddho bodheyyan”ti (bu. va½. aµµha. ratanacaªkamanakaº¹avaººan±; cariy±. uddh±nag±th±vaººan±) paµiññ±ya anulomato veneyy±na½ maggaphalappatt²na½ hetubh³t± kiriy± nippariy±yena buddhakiccanti ±ha– “dhammacakkappavattanañhi ±di½ katv±”ti. Tattha saddhindriy±didhammoyeva pavattanaµµhena cakkanti dhammacakka½. Atha v± cakkanti ±º±, dhammato anapetatt± dhammañca ta½ cakkañc±ti dhammacakka½, dhammena ñ±yena cakkantipi dhammacakka½. Yath±ha–

“Dhammañca pavatteti cakkañc±ti dhammacakka½, cakkañca pavatteti dhammañc±ti dhammacakka½, dhammena pavattet²ti dhammacakka½, dhammacariy±ya pavattet²ti dhammacakkan”ti-±di (paµi. ma. 2, 39, 41).

“Katabuddhakicce”ti etena buddhakattabbassa kassacipi asesitabh±va½ dasseti. Nanu ca s±vakehi vin²t±pi vineyy± bhagavat±yeva vin²t± honti, yato s±vakabh±sita½ sutta½ “buddhavacanan”ti vuccati, s±vakavineyy± ca na t±va vin²t±ti? N±ya½ doso tesa½ vinayanup±yassa s±vakesu µhapitatt±. Tenev±ha–

“Na t±v±ha½, p±pima, parinibb±yiss±mi, y±va me bhikkh³ na s±vak± bhavissanti viyatt± vin²t± vis±rad± bahussut± dhammadhar±…pe… uppanna½ parappav±da½ saha dhammena suniggahita½ niggahetv± sapp±µih±riya½ dhamma½ desessan”ti-±di (d². ni. 2.168; sa½. ni. 5.822; ud±. 51).

“Kusin±r±yan”ti-±di bhagavato parinibbutadesak±lavisesadassana½ “aparinibbuto bhagav±”ti g±hassa micch±bh±vadassanattha½, loke j±tasa½vaddhabh±vadassanatthañca Tath± hi manussabh±vassa sup±kaµakaraºattha½ mah±bodhisatt± carimabhave d±rapariggah±d²nipi karont²ti. Up±d²yate kammakileseh²ti up±di, vip±kakkhandh± kaµatt± ca r³pa½. So pana up±di kiles±bhisaªkh±ram±ranimmathanena nibb±nappattiya½ anossaµµho, idha khandhamaccum±ranimmathanena ossaµµho nissesitoti aya½ anup±dises±, nibb±nadh±tu. Nibb±nadh±t³ti cettha nibbutimatta½ adhippeta½, itthambh³talakkhaºe c±ya½ karaºaniddeso. “Dh±tubh±janadivase”ti ida½ na “sannipatit±nan”ti etassa visesana½, uss±hajananassa pana visesana½, “dh±tubh±janadivase bhikkh³na½ uss±ha½ janes²”ti. Dh±tubh±janadivasato hi purimapurimataradivasesu bhikkh³ sam±gat±ti. Atha v± dh±tubh±janadivase sannipatit±na½ k±yas±magg²vasena sahit±nanti attho. Saªghassa thero saªghatthero, so pana saªgho ki½ parim±º±nanti ±ha– “sattanna½ bhikkhusatasahass±nan”ti. Niccas±pekkhat±ya hi edisesu sam±so hotiyeva, yath±– “devadattassa garukulan”ti.

¾yasm± mah±kassapo puna dullabhabh±va½ maññam±no bhikkh³na½ uss±ha½ janes²ti sambandho. “Dh±tubh±janadivase sannipatit±nan”ti ida½ “bhikkh³na½ uss±ha½ janes²”ti ettha “bhikkh³nan”ti imin±pi padena sambandhan²ya½. Subhaddena vu¹¹hapabbajitena vuttavacanamanussarantoti sambandho. Tattha anussaranto dhammasa½vegavasen±ti adhipp±yo. “Saddhamma½ antaradh±peyyu½ saªg±yeyya½…pe… ciraµµhitika½ tassa kimañña½ ±ºaºya½ bhavissat²”ti etesa½ pad±na½ “iti cintayanto”ti etena sambandho. Tath± “yañc±han”ti etassa “anuggahito pasa½sito”ti etena sambandho. Ya½ p±pabhikkh³ti ettha yanti nip±tamatta½, k±raºaniddeso v±, yena k±raºena antaradh±peyyu½, tadeta½ k±raºa½ vijjat²ti attho, addhaniyanti addh±namaggag±mi, addh±nakkhamanti attho.

Yañc±hanti ettha yanti yasm±, yena k±raºen±ti vutta½ hoti, kiriy±par±masana½ v± eta½, tena “anuggahito pasa½sito”ti ettha anuggaºhana½ pasa½sanañca par±masati. “C²vare s±dh±raºaparibhogen±”ti ettha “attan± samasamaµµhapanen±”ti idha attan±-sadda½ ±netv± c²vare attan± s±dh±raºaparibhogen±ti yojetabba½. Yassa yena hi sambandho d³raµµhampi ca tassa tanti atha v± bhagavat± c²vare s±dh±raºaparibhogena bhagavat± anuggahitoti yojan²ya½, etass±pi hi karaºaniddesassa sahayogakattutthajotakattasambhavato. Y±vadeti y±vadeva, yattaka½ k±la½, yattake v± sam±pattivih±re, abhiññ±vih±re v± ±kaªkhanto vihar±mi ceva vohar±mi ca, tath± kassapop²ti attho. Idañca nav±nupubbavih±racha¼abhiññabh±vas±maññena thutimatta½ vuttanti daµµhabba½. Na hi ±yasm± mah±kassapo bhagav± viya devasika½ catuv²satikoµisatasahassasaªkhy± sam±pattiyo sam±pajjati, yamakap±µih±riy±divasena v± abhiññ±yo va¼añjet²ti. Tenev±ha– “nav±nupubbavih±racha¼abhiññ±ppabhede”ti Tassa kimañña½ ±ºaºya½ bhavissati, aññatra dhammavinayasaªg±yan±ti adhipp±yo. “Nanu ma½ bhagav±”ti-±din± vuttamevattha½ upam±vasena vibh±veti.

Tato paranti tato bhikkh³na½ uss±hajananato parato. Pure adhammo dippat²ti apin±ma dibbati, y±va adhammo dhamma½ paµib±hitu½ samattho hoti, tato puretaramev±ti attho. ¾sanne anicchite hi aya½ pure-saddo. Dippat²ti ca dippissati. Puresaddasanniyogena hi an±gatatthe aya½ vattam±nappayogo, yath±– “pur± vassati devo”ti.

“Sakalanavaªgasatthus±sanapariyattidhare…pe… ek³napañcasate pariggahes²”ti etena sukkhavipassakakh²º±savapariyant±na½ yath±vuttapuggal±na½ satipi ±gam±dhigamasabbh±ve saha paµisambhid±hi pana tevijj±diguºayutt±na½ ±gam±dhigamasampattiy± ukka½sagatatt± saªg²tiy± bahupak±rata½ dasseti. Ida½ vutta½ saªg²tikkhandhake, (p±r±. 437) apaccakkha½ n±ma natthi paguºappavattibh±vato, samantap±s±dik±ya½ pana “asammukh± paµiggahita½ n±ma natth²”ti (p±r±. aµµha. paµhamamah±saªg²tikath±) vutta½, ta½ “dve sahass±ni bhikkhuto”ti vuttampi bhagavato santike paµiggahitamev±ti katv± vutta½. Catur±s²tisahass±n²ti dhammakkhandhe sandh±y±ha. Pavattinoti paguº±ni. ¾nandattherassa navapp±y±ya paris±ya vibbhamanena mah±kassapatthero evam±ha– “na v±ya½ kum±rako mattamaññ±s²”ti. Tattha mattanti pam±ºa½. Chand± ±gamana½ viy±ti padavibh±go. “Kiñc±pi sekkho”ti ida½ na sekkh±na½ agatigamanasabbh±vena vutta½, asekkh±nameva pana uccinitatt±ti daµµhabba½ Paµhamamaggeneva hi catt±ri agatigaman±ni pah²yant²ti. “Abhabbo chand±…pe… agati½ gantun”ti ca dhammasaªg²tiy± tassa yogyabh±vadassanena vijjam±naguºakathana½. Pariyattoti adh²to.

G±vo caranti etth±ti gocaro, gocaro viya gocaro, bhikkh±caraºaµµh±na½. Visabh±gapuggalo subhaddasadiso. Sattipañjaranti sattikhagg±dihatthehi purisehi mallar±j³na½ bhagavato dh±tu-±rakkhakaraºa½ sandh±y±ha. Ta½ palibodha½ chinditv± ta½ karaº²ya½ karot³ti saªg±hakena chinditabba½ chinditv± ekantakaraº²ya½ karot³ti attho. Mah±jananti bahujana½. Gandhakuµi½ vanditv± paribhogacetiyabh±vatoti adhipp±yo. Yath± tanti yath± aññopi yath±vuttasabh±vo, evanti attho. Sa½vejes²ti “nanu bhagavat± paµikacceva akkh±ta½– ‘sabbeheva piyehi man±pehi n±n±bh±vo vin±bh±vo”’ti-±din± (d². ni. 2.183; sa½. ni. 5.379; a. ni. 10.48; c³¼ava. 437) sa½vega½ janesi. Ussannadh±tukanti upacitadosa½. Bhesajjamatt±ti appaka½ bhesajja½. Appattho hi aya½ matt±-saddo, “matt±sukhaparicc±go”ti-±d²su (dha. pa. 290) viya. Dutiyadivaseti devat±ya sa½vejitadivasato, jetavanavih±ra½ paviµµhadivasato v± dutiyadivase. ¾º±va cakka½ ±º±cakka½.

Etadagganti eso aggo. Liªgavipall±sena hi aya½ niddeso. Yadidanti ca yo aya½, yadida½ khandhapañcakanti v± yojetabba½. “Paµhama½ ±vuso up±li p±r±jika½ kattha paññattan”ti kasm± vutta½, nanu tassa saªg²tiy± purimak±le paµhamabh±vo na yuttoti? No na yutto, bhagavat± paññatt±nukkamena p±timokkhuddes±nukkamena ca paµhamabh±vassa siddhatt±. Yebhuyyena hi t²ºi piµak±ni bhagavato dharam±nak±le µhit±nukkameneva saªg²t±ni, visesato vinay±bhidhammapiµak±n²ti daµµhabba½. “Vatthumpi pucch²”ti-±di ‘kattha paññattan’ti-±din± dassitena saha tadavasiµµhampi saªgahetv± dassanavasena vutta½. Paµhamap±r±jiketi paµhamap±r±jikap±¼iya½ (p±r±. 24), tenev±ha– “na hi tath±gat± ekabyañjanampi niratthaka½ vadant²”ti.

J±tak±dike khuddakanik±yapariy±panne, yebhuyyena ca dhammaniddesabh³te t±dise abhidhammapiµake saªgaºhitu½ yutta½, na pana d²ghanik±y±dippak±re suttantapiµake, n±pi paññattiniddesabh³te vinayapiµaketi d²ghabh±ºak± “j±tak±d²na½ abhidhammapiµake saªgaho”ti vadanti. Cariy±piµakabuddhava½s±nañcettha aggahaºa½, j±takagatikatt±. Majjhimabh±ºak± pana “aµµhuppattivasena desit±na½ j±tak±d²na½ yath±nulomadesan±bh±vato t±dise suttantapiµake saªgaho yutto, na pana sabh±vadhammaniddesabh³te yath±dhammas±sane abhidhammapiµake”ti j±tak±d²na½ suttantapiµakapariy±pannata½ kathayanti. Tattha ca yutta½ vic±retv± gahetabba½.

Eva½ nimittapayojanak±ladesak±rakakaraºappak±rehi paµhama½ saªg²ti½ dassetv± id±ni tattha vavatth±pitasiddhesu dhammavinayesu n±nappak±rakosallattha½ ekavidh±dibhede dassetu½ “evametan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha vimuttirasanti vimuttiguºa½, vimuttisampattika½ v±, aggaphalanipph±danato, vimuttikicca½ v±, kiles±na½ accanta½ vimuttisamp±danato. Keci pana “vimutti-ass±dan”ti vadanti.

Kiñc±pi avisesena sabbampi buddhavacana½ kilesavinayanena vinayo, yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjam±ne ap±yapatan±dito dh±raºena dhammo, idh±dhippete pana dhammavinaye niddh±retu½ “tattha vinayapiµakan”ti-±dim±ha. Avasesa½ buddhavacana½ dhammo, khandh±divasena sabh±vadhammadesan±b±hullato. Atha v± yadipi dhammoyeva vinayopi, pariyattiy±dibh±vato, vinayasaddasannidh±ne pana bhinn±dhikaraºabh±vena payutto dhamma-saddo vinayatantividhura½ tanti½ d²peti yath± “puññañ±ºasambh±r±, gobalibaddhan”ti ca.

“Anekaj±tisa½s±ran”ti aya½ g±th± bhagavat± attano sabbaññutañ±ºapadaµµh±na½ arahattappatti½ paccavekkhantena ek³nav²satimassa paccavekkhaºañ±ºassa anantara½ bh±sit±. Ten±ha “ida½ paµhamabuddhavacanan”ti. Ida½ kira sabbabuddhehi avijahita½ ud±na½. Ayamassa saªkhepattho– aha½ imassa attabh±vagehassa k±raka½ taºh±va¹¹haki½ gavesanto yena ñ±ºena ta½ daµµhu½ sakk±, tassa bodhiñ±ºassatth±ya d²paªkarap±dam³le kat±bhin²h±ro ettaka½ k±la½ anekaj±tisa½s±ra½ anekaj±tisatasahassasaªkhya½ sa½s±ravaµµa½ anibbisa½ ta½ ñ±ºa½ avindanto alabhantoyeva sandh±vissa½ sa½sari½. Yasm± jar±vy±dhimaraºamissat±ya j±ti n±mes± punappuna½ upagantu½ dukkh±, na ca s± tasmi½ adiµµhe nivattati, tasm± ta½ gavesanto sandh±vissanti attho. Diµµhos²ti id±ni may± sabbaññutañ±ºa½ paµivijjhantena diµµho asi. Puna gehanti puna ima½ attabh±vasaªkh±ta½ mama geha½. Na k±hasi na karissasi. Tava sabb± avases±kilesaph±suk± may± bhagg±. Imassa tay± katassa attabh±vagehassa k³µa½ avijj±saªkh±ta½ kaººikamaº¹ala½ visaªkhata½ viddha½sita½. Visaªkh±ra½ nibb±na½ ±rammaºakaraºavasena gata½ anupaviµµha½ id±ni mama citta½, ahañca taºh±na½ khayasaªkh±ta½ arahattamagga½ ajjhag± adhigato pattosm²ti. Aya½ manas± pavattitadhamm±nam±di. “Yad± have p±tubhavanti dhamm±”ti (ud±. 1, 2, 3) aya½ pana v±c±ya pavattitadhamm±na½ ±d²ti vadanti. Antojappanavasena kira bhagav± “anekaj±tisa½s±ran”ti-±dim±ha (dha. pa. 153). “P±µipadadivase”ti ida½ “sabbaññubh±vappattass±”ti na etena sambandhitabba½, “paccavekkhantassa uppann±”ti etena pana sambandhitabba½. Vis±khapuººam±yameva hi bhagav± pacc³sasamaye sabbaññuta½ pattoti.