8. Mah±taºh±saªkhayasuttavaººan±

396. Eva½ me sutanti mah±taºh±saªkhayasutta½. Tattha diµµhigatanti alagadd³pamasutte laddhimatta½ diµµhigatanti vutta½, idha sassatadiµµhi. So ca bhikkhu bahussuto, aya½ appassuto, j±takabh±ºako bhagavanta½ j±taka½ kathetv±, “aha½, bhikkhave, tena samayena vessantaro ahosi½, mahosadho, vidhurapaº¹ito, senakapaº¹ito, mah±janako r±j± ahosin”ti samodh±nenta½ suº±ti. Athassa etadahosi– “ime r³pavedan±saññ±saªkh±r± tattha tattheva nirujjhanti, viññ±ºa½ pana idhalokato paraloka½, paralokato ima½ loka½ sandh±vati sa½sarat²”ti sassatadassana½ uppanna½. Ten±ha– “tadevida½ viññ±ºa½ sandh±vati sa½sarati anaññan”ti.

Samm±sambuddhena pana, “viññ±ºa½ paccayasambhava½, sati paccaye uppajjati, vin± paccaya½ natthi viññ±ºassa sambhavo”ti vutta½. Tasm± aya½ bhikkhu buddhena akathita½ katheti, jinacakke pah±ra½ deti, ves±rajjañ±ºa½ paµib±hati, sotuk±ma½ jana½ visa½v±deti, ariyapathe tiriya½ nipatitv± mah±janassa ahit±ya dukkh±ya paµipanno. Yath± n±ma rañño rajje mah±coro uppajjam±no mah±janassa ahit±ya dukkh±ya uppajjati, eva½ jinas±sane coro hutv± mah±janassa ahit±ya dukkh±ya uppannoti veditabbo. Sambahul± bhikkh³ti janapadav±sino piº¹ap±tikabhikkh³. Tenupasaªkami½s³ti aya½ parisa½ labhitv± s±sanampi antaradh±peyya, y±va pakkha½ na labhati, t±vadeva na½ diµµhigat± vivecem±ti sutasutaµµh±natoyeva aµµhatv± anis²ditv± upasaªkami½su.

398. Katama½ ta½ s±ti viññ±ºanti s±ti ya½ tva½ viññ±ºa½ sandh±ya vadesi, katama½ ta½ viññ±ºanti? Yv±ya½, bhante, vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kaly±ºap±pak±na½ kamm±na½ vip±ka½ paµisa½vedet²ti, bhante, yo aya½ vadati vedayati, yo c±ya½ tahi½ tahi½ kusal±kusalakamm±na½ vip±ka½ paccanubhoti. Ida½, bhante, viññ±ºa½, yamaha½ sandh±ya vadem²ti Kassa nu kho n±m±ti kassa khattiyassa v± br±hmaºassa v± vessasuddagahaµµhapabbajitadevamanuss±na½ v± aññatarassa.

399. Atha kho bhagav± bhikkh³ ±mantes²ti kasm± ±mantesi? S±tissa kira eva½ ahosi– “satth± ma½ ‘moghapuriso’ti vadati, na ca moghapurisoti vuttamatteneva maggaphal±na½ upanissayo na hoti. Upasenampi hi vaªgantaputta½, ‘atilahu½ kho tva½ moghapurisa b±hull±ya ±vatto’ti (mah±va. 75) bhagav± moghapurisav±dena ovadi. Thero aparabh±ge ghaµento v±yamanto cha abhiññ± sacch±k±si. Ahampi tath±r³pa½ v²riya½ paggaºhitv± maggaphal±ni nibbattess±m²”ti. Athassa bhagav± chinnapaccayo aya½ s±sane aviru¼hadhammoti dassento bhikkh³ ±mantesi. Usm²katoti-±di heµµh± vutt±dhipp±yameva. Atha kho bhagav±ti ayampi p±µiyekko anusandhi. S±tissa kira etadahosi– “bhagav± mayha½ maggaphal±na½ upanissayo natth²ti vadati, ki½ sakk± upanissaye asati k±tu½? Na hi tath±gat± sa-upanissayasseva dhamma½ desenti, yassa kassaci desentiyeva. Aha½ buddhassa santik± sugatov±da½ labhitv± saggasampatt³paga½ kusala½ kariss±m²”ti. Athassa bhagav±, “n±ha½, moghapurisa, tuyha½ ov±da½ v± anus±sani½ v± dem²”ti sugatov±da½ paµippassambhento ima½ desana½ ±rabhi. Tassattho heµµh± vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Id±ni paris±ya laddhi½ sodhento, “idh±ha½ bhikkh³ paµipucchiss±m²”ti-±dim±ha. Ta½ sabbampi heµµh± vuttanayeneva veditabba½.

400. Id±ni viññ±ºassa sappaccayabh±va½ dassetu½ ya½ yadeva, bhikkhaveti-±dim±ha. Tattha manañca paµicca dhamme c±ti sah±vajjanena bhavaªgamanañca tebh³makadhamme ca paµicca. Kaµµhañca paµicc±ti-±di opammanidassanattha½ vutta½. Tena ki½ d²peti? Dv±rasaªkantiy± abh±va½. Yath± hi kaµµha½ paµicca jalam±no aggi up±d±napaccaye satiyeva jalati, tasmi½ asati paccayavekallena tattheva v³pasammati, na sakalik±d²ni saªkamitv± sakalikagg²ti-±disaªkhya½ gacchati, evameva cakkhuñca paµicca r³pe ca uppanna½ viññ±ºa½ tasmi½ dv±re cakkhur³pa-±lokamanasik±rasaªkh±te paccayamhi satiyeva uppajjati, tasmi½ asati paccayavekallena tattheva nirujjhati, na sot±d²ni saªkamitv± sotaviññ±ºanti-±disaªkhya½ gacchati Esa nayo sabbav±resu. Iti bhagav± n±ha½ viññ±ºappavatte dv±rasaªkantimattampi vad±mi, aya½ pana s±ti moghapuriso bhavasaªkanti½ vadat²ti s±ti½ niggahesi.

401. Eva½ viññ±ºassa sappaccayabh±va½ dassetv± id±ni pana pañcannampi khandh±na½ sappaccayabh±va½ dassento, bh³tamidanti-±dim±ha. Tattha bh³tamidanti ida½ khandhapañcaka½ j±ta½ bh³ta½ nibbatta½, tumhepi ta½ bh³tamidanti, bhikkhave, passath±ti. Tad±h±rasambhavanti ta½ paneta½ khandhapañcaka½ ±h±rasambhava½ paccayasambhava½, sati paccaye uppajjati eva½ passath±ti pucchati. Tad±h±ranirodh±ti tassa paccayassa nirodh±. Bh³tamida½ noss³ti bh³ta½ nu kho ida½, na nu kho bh³tanti. Tad±h±rasambhava½ noss³ti ta½ bh³ta½ khandhapañcaka½ paccayasambhava½ nu kho, na nu khoti. Tad±h±ranirodh±ti tassa paccayassa nirodh±. Nirodhadhamma½ noss³ti ta½ dhamma½ nirodhadhamma½ nu kho, na nu khoti. Sammappaññ±ya passatoti ida½ khandhapañcaka½ j±ta½ bh³ta½ nibbattanti y±th±vasarasalakkhaºato vipassan±paññ±ya samm± passantassa. Paññ±ya sudiµµhanti vuttanayeneva vipassan±paññ±ya suµµhu diµµha½. Eva½ ye ye ta½ puccha½ sallakkhesu½, tesa½ tesa½ paµiñña½ gaºhanto pañcanna½ khandh±na½ sappaccayabh±va½ dasseti.

Id±ni y±ya paññ±ya tehi ta½ sappaccaya½ sanirodha½ khandhapañcaka½ sudiµµha½, tattha nittaºhabh±va½ pucchanto ima½ ce tumheti-±dim±ha. Tattha diµµhinti vipassan±samm±diµµhi½ Sabh±vadassanena parisuddha½. Paccayadassanena pariyod±ta½. All²yeth±ti taºh±diµµh²hi all²yitv± vihareyy±tha. Kel±yeth±ti taºh±diµµh²hi k²¼am±n± vihareyy±tha Dhan±yeth±ti dhana½ viya icchant± gedha½ ±pajjeyy±tha. Mam±yeth±ti taºh±diµµh²hi mamatta½ upp±deyy±tha. Nittharaºatth±ya no gahaºatth±y±ti yo so may± caturoghanittharaºatth±ya kull³pamo dhammo desito, no nikantivasena gahaºatth±ya. Api nu ta½ tumhe ±j±neyy±th±ti. Vipariy±yena sukkapakkho veditabbo.

402. Id±ni tesa½ khandh±na½ paccaya½ dassento, catt±rome, bhikkhave, ±h±r±ti-±dim±ha, tampi vuttatthameva. Yath± pana eko ima½ j±n±s²ti vutto, “na kevala½ ima½, m±tarampissa j±n±mi, m±tu m±taramp²”ti eva½ paveºivasena j±nanto suµµhu j±n±ti n±ma. Evameva½ bhagav± na kevala½ khandhamattameva j±n±ti, khandh±na½ paccayampi tesampi paccay±na½ paccayanti eva½ sabbapaccayaparampara½ j±n±ti. So ta½, buddhabala½ d²pento id±ni paccayaparampara½ dassetu½, ime ca, bhikkhave, catt±ro ±h±r±ti-±dim±ha. Ta½ vuttatthameva. Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijj±paccay± saªkh±r±…pe… dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hot²ti ettha pana paµiccasamupp±dakath± vitth±retabb± bhaveyya, s± visuddhimagge vitth±rit±va.

404. Imasmi½ sati ida½ hot²ti imasmi½ avijj±dike paccaye sati ida½ saªkh±r±dika½ phala½ hoti. Imassupp±d± ida½ uppajjat²ti imassa avijj±dikassa paccayassa upp±d± ida½ saªkh±r±dika½ phala½ uppajjati, tenev±ha– “yadida½ avijj±paccay± saªkh±r±…pe… samudayo hot²”ti. Eva½ vaµµa½ dassetv± id±ni vivaµµa½ dassento, avijj±ya tveva asesavir±ganirodh±ti-±dim±ha. Tattha avijj±ya tvev±ti avijj±ya eva tu. Asesavir±ganirodh±ti vir±gasaªkh±tena maggena asesanirodh± anupp±danirodh±. Saªkh±ranirodhoti saªkh±r±na½ anupp±danirodho hoti, eva½ niruddh±na½ pana saªkh±r±na½ nirodh± viññ±ºanirodho hoti, viññ±º±d²nañca nirodh± n±mar³p±d²ni niruddh±niyeva hont²ti dassetu½ saªkh±ranirodh± viññ±ºanirodhoti-±di½ vatv± evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hot²ti vutta½. Tattha kevalass±ti sakalassa, suddhassa v±, sattavirahitass±ti attho. Dukkhakkhandhass±ti dukkhar±sissa. Nirodho hot²ti anupp±do hoti.

406. Imasmi½ asat²ti-±di vuttapaµipakkhanayena veditabba½.

407. Eva½ vaµµavivaµµa½ kathetv± id±ni ima½ dv±dasaªgapaccayavaµµa½ saha vipassan±ya maggena j±nantassa y± paµidh±van± pah²yati, tass± abh±va½ pucchanto api nu tumhe, bhikkhaveti-±dim±ha. Tattha eva½ j±nant±ti eva½ sahavipassan±ya maggena j±nant±. Eva½ passant±ti tasseva vevacana½. Pubbantanti purimakoµµh±sa½, at²takhandhadh±tu-±yatan±n²ti attho. Paµidh±veyy±th±ti taºh±diµµhivasena paµidh±veyy±tha. Sesa½ sabb±savasutte vitth±ritameva.

Id±ni nesa½ tattha niccalabh±va½ pucchanto, api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, eva½ j±nant± eva½ passant± eva½ vadeyy±tha, satth± no gar³ti-±dim±ha. Tattha gar³ti bh±riko ak±m± anuvattitabbo Samaºoti buddhasamaºo. Añña½ satth±ra½ uddiseyy±th±ti aya½ satth± amh±ka½ kicca½ s±dhetu½ na sakkot²ti api nu eva½saññino hutv± añña½ b±hiraka½ satth±ra½ uddiseyy±tha. Puthusamaºabr±hmaº±nanti eva½saññino hutv± puth³na½ titthiyasamaº±na½ ceva br±hmaº±nañca. Vatakot³halamaªgal±n²ti vatasam±d±n±ni ca diµµhikut³hal±ni ca diµµhasutamutamaªgal±ni ca. T±ni s±rato pacc±gaccheyy±th±ti et±ni s±ranti eva½saññino hutv± paµi-±gaccheyy±tha. Eva½ nissaµµh±ni ca puna gaºheyy±th±ti attho. S±ma½ ñ±tanti saya½ ñ±ºena ñ±ta½. S±ma½ diµµhanti saya½ paññ±cakkhun± diµµha½. S±ma½ viditanti saya½ vibh±vita½ p±kaµa½ kata½. Upan²t± kho me tumheti may±, bhikkhave, tumhe imin± sandiµµhik±disabh±vena dhammena nibb±na½ upan²t±, p±pit±ti attho. Sandiµµhikoti-±d²namattho visuddhimagge vitth±rito. Idameta½ paµicca vuttanti eta½ vacanamida½ tumhehi s±ma½ ñ±t±dibh±va½ paµicca vutta½.

408. Tiººa½ kho pana, bhikkhaveti kasm± ±rabhi? Nanu heµµh± vaµµavivaµµavasena desan± matthaka½ p±pit±ti? ¾ma p±pit±. Aya½ pana p±µi-ekko anusandhi “ayañhi lokasanniv±so paµisandhisamm³¼ho, tassa sammohaµµh±na½ viddha½setv± p±kaµa½ kariss±m²”ti ima½ desana½ ±rabhi. Apica vaµµam³la½ avijj±, vivaµµam³la½ buddhupp±do, iti vaµµam³la½ avijja½ vivaµµam³lañca buddhupp±da½ dassetv±pi, “puna ekav±ra½ vaµµavivaµµavasena desana½ matthaka½ p±pess±m²”ti ima½ desana½ ±rabhi. Tattha sannip±t±ti samodh±nena piº¹abh±vena. Gabbhass±ti gabbhe nibbattanakasattassa. Avakkanti hot²ti nibbatti hoti. Katthaci hi gabbhoti m±tukucchi vutto. Yath±ha–

“Yamekaratti½ paµhama½, gabbhe vasati m±ºavo;
abbhuµµhitova so y±ti, sa gaccha½ na nivattat²”ti. (J±. 1.15.363).

Katthaci gabbhe nibbattanasatto. Yath±ha– “yath± kho, pan±nanda, aññ± itthik± nava v± dasa v± m±se gabbha½ kucchin± pariharitv± vij±yant²”ti (ma. ni. 3.205). Idha satto adhippeto, ta½ sandh±ya vutta½ “gabbhassa avakkanti hot²”ti.

Idh±ti imasmi½ sattaloke. M±t± ca utun² hot²ti ida½ utusamaya½ sandh±ya vutta½. M±tug±massa kira yasmi½ ok±se d±rako nibbattati, tattha mahat² lohitap²¼ak± saºµhahitv± bhijjitv± paggharati, vatthu suddha½ hoti, suddhe vatthumhi m±t±pit³su ekav±ra½ sannipatitesu y±va satta divas±ni khettameva hoti. Tasmi½ samaye hatthagg±haveºigg±h±din± aªgapar±masanenapi d±rako nibbattatiyeva. Gandhabboti tatr³pagasatto. Paccupaµµhito hot²ti na m±t±pit³na½ sannip±ta½ olokayam±no sam²pe µhito paccupaµµhito n±ma hoti. Kammayantayantito pana eko satto tasmi½ ok±se nibbattanako hot²ti ayamettha adhipp±yo. Sa½sayen±ti “arogo nu kho bhaviss±mi aha½ v±, putto v± me”ti eva½ mahantena j²vitasa½sayena. Lohitañheta½, bhikkhaveti tad± kira m±tulohita½ ta½ µh±na½ sampatta½ puttasinehena paº¹ara½ hoti. Tasm± evam±ha. Vaªkakanti g±mad±rak±na½ k²¼anaka½ khuddakanaªgala½. Ghaµik± vuccati d²ghadaº¹ena rassadaº¹aka½ paharaºak²¼±. Mokkhacikanti samparivattakak²¼±, ±k±se v± daº¹aka½ gahetv± bh³miya½ v± s²sa½ µhapetv± heµµhupariyabh±vena parivattanak²¼ananti vutta½ hoti. Ciªgulaka½ vuccati t±lapaºº±d²hi kata½ v±tappah±rena paribbhamanacakka½ Patt±¼haka½ vuccati paººan±¼ik±, t±ya v±lik±d²ni minant± k²¼anti. Rathakanti khuddakaratha½. Dhanukampi khuddakadhanumeva.

409. S±rajjat²ti r±ga½ upp±deti. By±pajjat²ti by±p±da½ upp±deti. Anupaµµhitak±yasat²ti k±ye sati k±yasati, ta½ anupaµµhapetv±ti attho. Parittacetasoti akusalacitto. Yatthassa te p±pak±ti yassa½ phalasam±pattiya½ ete nirujjhanti, ta½ na j±n±ti n±dhigacchat²ti attho. Anurodhavirodhanti r±gañceva dosañca. Abhinandat²ti taºh±vasena abhinandati, taºh±vaseneva aho sukhanti-±d²ni vadanto abhivadati. Ajjhos±ya tiµµhat²ti taºh±-ajjhos±nagahaºena gilitv± pariniµµhapetv± gaºh±ti. Sukha½ v± adukkhamasukha½ v± abhinandatu, dukkha½ katha½ abhinandat²ti? “Aha½ dukkhito mama dukkhan”ti gaºhanto abhinandati n±ma. Uppajjati nand²ti taºh± uppajjati. Tadup±d±nanti s±va taºh± gahaºaµµhena up±d±na½ n±ma. Tassa up±d±napaccay± bhavo…pe… samudayo hot²ti, idañhi bhagavat± puna ekav±ra½ dvisandhi tisaªkhepa½ paccay±k±ravaµµa½ dassita½.

410-4. Id±ni vivaµµa½ dassetu½ idha, bhikkhave, tath±gato loke uppajjat²ti-±dim±ha. Tattha appam±ºacetasoti appam±ºa½ lokuttara½ ceto ass±ti appam±ºacetaso, maggacittasamaªg²ti attho. Ima½ kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, sa½khittena taºh±saªkhayavimutti½ dh±reth±ti, bhikkhave, ima½ sa½khittena desita½ mayha½, taºh±saªkhayavimuttidesana½ tumhe niccak±la½ dh±reyy±tha m± pamajjeyy±tha. Desan± hi ettha vimuttipaµil±bhahetuto vimutt²ti vutt±. Mah±taºh±j±lataºh±saªgh±µapaµimukkanti taºh±va sa½sibbitaµµhena mah±taºh±j±la½, saªghaµitaµµhena saªgh±µanti vuccati; iti imasmi½ mah±taºh±j±le taºh±saªgh±µe ca ima½ s±ti½ bhikkhu½ kevaµµaputta½ paµimukka½ dh±retha. Anupaviµµho antogadhoti na½ dh±reth±ti attho. Sesa½ sabbattha utt±natthamev±ti.

Papañcas³daniy± majjhimanik±yaµµhakath±ya

Mah±taºh±saªkhayasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.