9. Mah±-assapurasuttavaººan±
415. Eva½ me sutanti mah±-assapurasutta½. Tattha aªges³ti aªg± n±ma j±napadino r±jakum±r±, tesa½ niv±so ekopi janapado ru¼h²saddena “aªg±”ti vuccati, tasmi½ aªgesu janapade. Assapura½ n±ma aªg±na½ nigamoti assapuranti nagaran±mena laddhavoh±ro aªg±na½ janapadassa eko nigamo, ta½ gocarag±ma½ katv± viharat²ti attho. Bhagav± etadavoc±ti eta½ “samaº± samaº±ti vo, bhikkhave, jano sañj±n±t²”ti-±divacanamavoca. Kasm± pana eva½ avoc±ti. Tasmi½ kira nigame manuss± saddh± pasann± buddham±mak± dhammam±mak± saªgham±mak±, tadahupabbajitas±maºerampi vassasatikattherasadisa½ katv± pasa½santi; pubbaºhasamaya½ bhikkhusaªgha½ piº¹±ya pavisanta½ disv± b²janaªgal±d²ni gahetv± khetta½ gacchant±pi, pharasu-±d²ni gahetv± arañña½ pavisant±pi t±ni upakaraº±ni nikkhipitv± bhikkhusaªghassa nis²danaµµh±na½ ±sanas±la½ v± maº¹apa½ v± rukkham³la½ v± sammajjitv± ±san±ni paññapetv± arajap±n²ya½ paccupaµµh±petv± bhikkhusaªgha½ nis²d±petv± y±gukhajjak±d²ni datv± katabhattakicca½ bhikkhusaªgha½ uyyojetv± tato t±ni upakaraº±ni ±d±ya khetta½ v± arañña½ v± gantv± attano kamm±ni karonti, kammantaµµh±nepi nesa½ aññ± kath± n±ma natthi. Catt±ro maggaµµh± catt±ro phalaµµh±ti aµµha puggal± ariyasaªgho n±ma; te “evar³pena s²lena, evar³pena ±c±rena, evar³p±ya paµipattiy± samann±gat± lajjino pesal± u¼±raguº±”ti bhikkhusaªghasseva vaººa½ kathenti. Kammantaµµh±nato ±gantv± bhuttas±yam±s± gharadv±re nisinn±pi, sayanighara½ pavisitv± nisinn±pi bhikkhusaªghasseva vaººa½ kathenti. Bhagav± tesa½ manuss±na½ nipaccak±ra½ disv± bhikkhusaªgha½ piº¹ap±t±pac±yane niyojetv± etadavoca. Ye dhamm± samaºakaraº± ca br±hmaºakaraº± c±ti ye dhamm± sam±d±ya parip³rit± samitap±pasamaºañca b±hitap±pabr±hmaºañca karont²ti attho. “T²ºim±ni, bhikkhave, samaºassa samaºiy±ni samaºakaraº²y±ni Katam±ni t²ºi? Adhis²lasikkh±sam±d±na½, adhicittasikkh±sam±d±na½ adhipaññ±sikkh±sam±d±nan”ti (a. ni. 3.82) ettha pana samaºena kattabbadhamm± vutt±. Tepi ca samaºakaraº± hontiyeva. Idha pana hirottapp±divasena desan± vitth±rit±. Eva½ no aya½ amh±kanti ettha noti nip±tamatta½. Eva½ aya½ amh±kanti attho. Mahapphal± mah±nisa½s±ti ubhayampi atthato ekameva. Avañjh±ti amogh±. Saphal±ti aya½ tasseva attho. Yass± hi phala½ natthi, s± vañjh± n±ma hoti. Sa-udray±ti sava¹¹hi, ida½ saphalat±ya vevacana½. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbanti, bhikkhave, eva½ tumhehi sikkhitabba½. Iti bhagav± imin± ettakena µh±nena hirottapp±d²na½ dhamm±na½ vaººa½ kathesi. Kasm±? Vacanapathapacchindanattha½. Sace hi koci acirapabbajito b±labhikkhu eva½ vadeyya– “bhagav± hirottapp±didhamme sam±d±ya vattath±ti vadati, ko nu kho tesa½ sam±d±ya vattane ±nisa½so”ti? Tassa vacanapathapacchindanattha½. Ayañca ±nisa½so, ime hi dhamm± sam±d±ya parip³rit± samitap±pasamaºa½ n±ma b±hitap±pabr±hmaºa½ n±ma karonti, catupaccayal±bha½ upp±denti, paccayad±yak±na½ mahapphalata½ samp±denti, pabbajja½ avañjha½ saphala½ sa-udraya½ karont²ti vaººa½ abh±si. Ayamettha saªkhepo. Vitth±rato pana vaººakath± satipaµµh±ne (d². ni. aµµha. 2.373; ma. ni. aµµha. 2.373) vuttanayeneva veditabb±. 416. Hirottappen±ti “ya½ hir²yati hir²yitabbena, ottappati ottappitabben±”ti (dha. sa. 1331) eva½ vitth±rit±ya hiriy± ceva ottappena ca. Apicettha ajjhattasamuµµh±n± hir², bahiddh±samuµµh±na½ ottappa½. Att±dhipateyy± hir², lok±dhipateyya½ ottappa½. Lajj±sabh±vasaºµhit± hir², bhayasabh±vasaºµhita½ ottappa½, vitth±rakath± panettha sabb±k±rena visuddhimagge vutt±. Apica ime dve dhamm± loka½ p±lanato lokap±ladhamm± n±m±ti kathit±. Yath±ha– “dveme, bhikkhave, sukk± dhamm± loka½ p±lenti. Katame dve? Hir² ca ottappañca Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve sukk± dhamm± loka½ p±lenti. Ime ca kho, bhikkhave, dve sukk± dhamm± loka½ na p±leyyu½, nayidha paññ±yetha, ‘m±t±’ti v±, ‘m±tucch±’ti v±, ‘m±tul±n²’ti v±, ‘±cariyabhariy±’ti v±, ‘gar³na½ d±r±’ti v±, sambheda½ loko agamissa, yath± aje¼ak± kukkuµas³kar± soºasiªg±l±”ti (a. ni. 2.9). Imeyeva j±take “devadhamm±”ti kathit±. Yath±ha–
“Hiri-ottappasampann± sukkadhammasam±hit±;
santo sappuris± loke, devadhamm±ti vuccare”ti. (J±. 1.1.6).
Mah±cundattherassa pana kilesasallekhanapaµipad±ti katv± dassit±. Yath±ha– “pare ahirik± bhavissanti, mayamettha hiriman± bhaviss±m±ti sallekho karaº²yo. Pare anott±p² bhavissanti, mayamettha ott±p² bhaviss±m±ti sallekho karaº²yo”ti (ma. ni. 1.83). Imeva mah±kassapattherassa ov±d³pasampad±ti katv± dassit±. Vuttañheta½– “tasm± tiha te, kassapa, eva½ sikkhitabba½, tibba½ me hirottappa½ paccupaµµhita½ bhavissati theresu navesu majjhimes³ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabban”ti (sa½. ni. 2.154). Idha panete samaºadhamm± n±m±ti dassit±. Yasm± pana ett±vat± s±maññattho matthaka½ patto n±ma hoti, tasm± aparepi samaºakaraºadhamme dassetu½ siy± kho pana, bhikkhave, tumh±kanti-±dim±ha. Tattha s±maññatthoti sa½yuttake t±va, “katamañca, bhikkhave, s±mañña½? Ayameva ariyo aµµhaªgiko maggo. Seyyathida½, samm±diµµhi…pe… samm±sam±dhi, ida½ vuccati, bhikkhave, s±mañña½. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, s±maññattho? Yo, bhikkhave, r±gakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, aya½ vuccati, bhikkhave, s±maññattho”ti (sa½. ni. 5.36) maggo “s±maññan”ti, phalanibb±n±ni “s±maññattho”ti vutt±ni. Imasmi½ pana µh±ne maggampi phalampi ekato katv± s±maññattho kathitoti veditabbo. ¾rocay±m²ti kathemi. Paµiveday±m²ti j±n±pemi. 417. Parisuddho no k±yasam±c±roti ettha k±yasam±c±ro parisuddho aparisuddhoti duvidho. Yo hi bhikkhu p±ºa½ hanati adinna½ ±diyati, k±mesu micch± carati, tassa k±yasam±c±ro aparisuddho n±ma, aya½ pana kammapathavaseneva v±rito. Yo pana p±ºin± v± le¹¹un± v± daº¹ena v± satthena v± para½ potheti viheµheti, tassa k±yasam±c±ro aparisuddho n±ma, ayampi sikkh±padabaddheneva paµikkhitto. Imasmi½ sutte ubhayampeta½ akathetv± paramasallekho n±ma kathito. Yo hi bhikkhu p±n²yaghaµe v± p±n²ya½ pivant±na½, patte v± bhatta½ bhuñjant±na½ k±k±na½ niv±raºavasena hattha½ v± daº¹a½ v± le¹¹u½ v± uggirati, tassa k±yasam±c±ro aparisuddho. Vipar²to parisuddho n±ma. Utt±noti uggato p±kaµo. Vivaµoti an±vaµo asañchanno. Ubhayen±pi parisuddhata½yeva d²peti. Na ca chiddav±ti sad± ekasadiso antarantare chiddarahito. Sa½vutoti kiles±na½ dv±ra pidahanena pidahito, na vajjapaµicch±danatth±ya. 418. Vac²sam±c±repi yo bhikkhu mus± vadati, pisuºa½ katheti, pharusa½ bh±sati, sampha½ palapati, tassa vac²sam±c±ro aparisuddho n±ma. Aya½ pana kammapathavasena v±rito. Yo pana gahapatik±ti v± d±s±ti v± pess±ti v± ±d²hi khu½sento vadati, tassa vac²sam±c±ro aparisuddho n±ma. Aya½ pana sikkh±padabaddheneva paµikkhitto. Imasmi½ sutte ubhayampeta½ akathetv± paramasallekho n±ma kathito. Yo hi bhikkhu daharena v± s±maºerena v±, “kacci, bhante, amh±ka½ upajjh±ya½ passath±”ti vutte, sambahul±, ±vuso, bhikkhubhikkhuniyo ekasmi½ padese vicadi½su, upajjh±yo te vikk±yikas±kabhaº¹ika½ ukkhipitv± gato bhavissat²”ti-±din± nayena has±dhipp±yopi evar³pa½ katha½ katheti, tassa vac²sam±c±ro aparisuddho. Vipar²to parisuddho n±ma. 419. Manosam±c±re yo bhikkhu abhijjh±lu by±pannacitto micch±diµµhiko hoti, tassa manosam±c±ro aparisuddho n±ma. Aya½ pana kammapathavaseneva v±rito. Yo pana upanikkhitta½ j±tar³parajata½ s±diyati, tassa manosam±c±ro aparisuddho n±ma. Ayampi sikkh±padabaddheneva paµikkhitto. Imasmi½ sutte ubhayampeta½ akathetv± paramasallekho n±ma kathito. Yo pana bhikkhu k±mavitakka½ v± by±p±davitakka½ v± vihi½s±vitakka½ v± vitakketi, tassa manosam±c±ro aparisuddho. Vipar²to parisuddho n±ma. 420. ¾j²vasmi½ yo bhikkhu ±j²vahetu vejjakamma½ pahiºagamana½ gaº¹aph±lana½ karoti, arumakkhana½ deti, tela½ pacat²ti ekav²sati-anesan±vasena j²vika½ kappeti. Yo v± pana viññ±petv± bhuñjati, tassa ±j²vo aparisuddho n±ma. Aya½ pana sikkh±padabaddheneva paµikkhitto. Imasmi½ sutte ubhayampeta½ akathetv± paramasallekho n±ma kathito. Yo hi bhikkhu sappinavan²tatelamadhuph±ºit±d²ni labhitv±, “sve v± punadivase v± bhavissat²”ti sannidhik±raka½ paribhuñjati, yo v± pana nimbaªkur±d²ni disv± s±maºere vadati– “a½ªkure kh±dath±”ti, s±maºer± thero kh±dituk±moti kappiya½ katv± denti, dahare pana s±maºere v± p±n²ya½ pivatha, ±vusoti vadati, te thero p±n²ya½ pivituk±moti p±n²yasaªkha½ dhovitv± denti, tampi paribhuñjantassa ±j²vo aparisuddho n±ma hoti. Vipar²to parisuddho n±ma. 422. Mattaññ³ti pariyesanapaµiggahaºaparibhogesu mattaññ³, yuttaññ³, pam±ºaññ³. 423. J±gariyamanuyutt±ti rattindiva½ cha koµµh±se katv± ekasmi½ koµµh±se nidd±ya ok±sa½ datv± pañca koµµh±se j±gariyamhi yutt± payutt±. S²haseyyanti ettha k±mabhogiseyy±, petaseyy±, s²haseyy±, tath±gataseyy±ti catasso seyy±. Tattha “yebhuyyena, bhikkhave, k±mabhog² satt± v±mena passena sent²”ti (a. ni. 4.246) aya½ k±mabhogiseyy±, tesu hi yebhuyyena dakkhiºapassena say±no n±ma natthi. “Yebhuyyena, bhikkhave, pet± utt±n± sent²”ti (a. ni. 4.246) aya½ petaseyy±, pet± hi appama½salohitatt± aµµhisaªgh±tajaµit± ekena passena sayitu½ na sakkonti, utt±n±va senti. “Yebhuyyena bhikkhave, s²ho migar±j± naªguµµha½ antarasatthimhi anupakkhipitv± dakkhiºena passena set²”ti (a. ni. 4.246) aya½ s²haseyy±. Tejussadatt± hi s²ho migar±j± dve purimap±de ekasmi½ µh±ne pacchimap±de ekasmi½ µhapetv± naªguµµha½ antarasatthimhi pakkhipitv± purimap±dapacchimap±danaªguµµh±na½ µhitok±sa½ sallakkhetv± dvinna½ purimap±d±na½ matthake s²sa½ µhapetv± sayati Divasampi sayitv± pabujjham±no na utr±santo pabujjhati. S²sa½ pana ukkhipitv± purimap±d±na½ µhitok±sa½ sallakkheti. Sace kiñci µh±na½ vijahitv± µhita½ hoti, “nayida½ tuyha½ j±tiy±, na s³rabh±vassa ca anur³pan”ti anattamano hutv± tattheva sayati, na gocar±ya pakkamati. Avijahitv± µhite pana “tuyha½ j±tiy± s³rabh±vassa ca anur³pamidan”ti haµµhatuµµho uµµh±ya s²havijambhita½ vijambhitv± kesarabh±ra½ vidhunitv± tikkhattu½ s²han±da½ naditv± gocar±ya pakkamati. Catutthajjh±naseyy± pana tath±gataseyy±ti vuccati. T±su idha s²haseyy± ±gat±. Ayañhi tejussada-iriy±pathatt± uttamaseyy± n±ma. P±de p±danti dakkhiºap±de v±map±da½. Acc±dh±y±ti ati-±dh±ya ²saka½ atikkamma µhapetv±, gopphakena hi gopphake, j±ºun± v± j±ºumhi saªghaµµiyam±ne abhiºha½ vedan± uppajjati, citta½ ekagga½ na hoti, seyy± aph±suk± hoti. Yath± pana na saªghaµµeti, eva½ atikkamma µhapite vedan± nuppajjati, citta½ ekagga½ hoti, seyy± ph±suk± hoti, tasm± evam±ha.