Bh±van±pah±tabba-±savavaººan±

27. Paµisaªkh± yoniso satisambojjhaªga½ bh±vet²ti abh±van±ya ±d²nava½, bh±van±ya ca ±nisa½sa½ up±yena pathena paccavekkhitv± satisambojjhaªga½ bh±veti, esa nayo sabbattha. Ettha ca kiñc±pi ime uparimaggattayasamayasambh³t± lokuttarabojjhaªg± eva adhippet±, tath±pi ±dikammik±na½ bojjhaªgesu asammohattha½ lokiyalokuttaramissakena nesa½ nayena atthavaººana½ kariss±mi. Idha pana lokiyanaya½ pah±ya lokuttaranayo eva gahetabbo. Tattha satisambojjhaªganti-±din± nayena vutt±na½ sattanna½ ±dipad±na½yeva t±va–

Atthato lakkhaº±d²hi, kamato ca vinicchayo;
an³n±dhikato ceva, viññ±tabbo vibh±vin±.

Tattha satisambojjhaªge t±va saraºaµµhena sati. S± panes± upaµµh±nalakkhaº±, apil±panalakkhaº± v±. Vuttampi heta½ “yath±, mah±r±ja, rañño bhaº¹±g±riko rañño s±pateyya½ apil±peti, ettaka½, mah±r±ja, hirañña½, ettaka½ suvaººa½, ettaka½ s±pateyyanti, evameva kho, mah±r±ja sati uppajjam±n± kusal±kusalas±vajj±navajjah²napaº²takaºhasukkasappaµibh±ge dhamme apil±peti. Ime catt±ro satipaµµh±n±”ti (mi. pa. 2.1.13) vitth±ro. Apil±panaras±. Kiccavaseneva hissa eta½ lakkhaºa½ therena vutta½. Asammosaras± v±. Gocar±bhimukhabh±vapaccupaµµh±n±. Sati eva sambojjhaªgo satisambojjhaªgo. Tattha bodhiy± bodhissa v± aªgoti bojjhaªgo.

Ki½ vutta½ hoti? Y± hi aya½ dhammas±magg², y±ya lokiyalokuttaramaggakkhaºe uppajjam±n±ya l²nuddhaccapatiµµh±n±y³hana-k±masukhattakilamath±nuyoga-ucchedasassat±bhinives±d²na½ anekesa½ upaddav±na½ paµipakkhabh³t±ya satidhammavicayav²riyap²tipassaddhisam±dhi-upekkh±saªkh±t±ya dhammas±maggiy± ariyas±vako bujjhat²ti katv± “bodh²”ti vuccati. Bujjhat²ti kilesasant±nanidd±ya uµµhahati, catt±ri v± ariyasacc±ni paµivijjhati, nibb±nameva v± sacchikarot²ti vutta½ hoti. Yath±ha “satta bojjhaªge bh±vetv± anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambuddho”ti. Tass± dhammas±maggisaªkh±t±ya bodhiy± aªgotipi bojjhaªgo, jh±naªgamaggaªg±dayo viya.

Yopesa yath±vuttappak±r±ya et±ya dhammas±maggiy± bujjhat²ti katv± ariyas±vako “bodh²”ti vuccati, tassa bodhissa aªgotipi bojjhaªgo, senaªgarathaªg±dayo viya. Ten±hu aµµhakath±cariy± “bujjhanakassa puggalassa aªg±ti v± bojjhaªg±”ti. Apica “bojjhaªg±ti kenaµµhena bojjhaªg±? Bodh±ya sa½vattant²ti bojjhaªg±, bujjhant²ti bojjhaªg±, anubujjhant²ti bojjhaªg±, paµibujjhant²ti bojjhaªg±, sambujjhant²ti bojjhaªg±”ti-±din± (paµi. ma. 3.17) paµisambhid±nayen±pi attho veditabbo. Pasattho sundaro v± bojjhaªgoti sambojjhaªgo. Eva½ sati eva sambojjhaªgo satisambojjhaªgo. Ta½ satisambojjhaªga½. Eva½ t±va ekassa ±dipadassa atthato lakkhaº±d²hi ca vinicchayo viññ±tabbo.

Dutiy±d²su pana catusaccadhamme vicin±t²ti dhammavicayo. So pana vicayalakkhaºo, obh±sanaraso, asammohapaccupaµµh±no. V²rabh±vato vidhin± ²rayitabbato ca v²riya½. Ta½ paggahalakkhaºa½ upatthambhanarasa½, anos²danapaccupaµµh±na½ P²ºayat²ti p²ti. S± pharaºalakkhaº±, tuµµhilakkhaº± v±, k±yacitt±na½ p²ºanaras±, tesa½yeva odagyapaccupaµµh±n±. K±yacittadarathapassambhanato passaddhi. S± upasamalakkhaº±, k±yacittadarathanimmaddanaras±, ±yacitt±na½ aparipphandanabh³tas²tibh±vapaccupaµµh±n±. Sam±dh±nato sam±dhi. So avikkhepalakkhaºo, avis±ralakkhaºo v±, cittacetasik±na½ sampiº¹anaraso, cittaµµhitipaccupaµµh±no. Ajjhupekkhanato upekkh±. S± paµisaªkh±nalakkhaº±, samav±hitalakkhaº± v±, ³n±dhikat±niv±raºaras±, pakkhap±tupacchedaras± v±, majjhattabh±vapaccupaµµh±n±. Sesa½ vuttanayameva. Eva½ sesapad±nampi atthato lakkhaº±d²hi ca vinicchayo viññ±tabbo.

Kamatoti ettha ca “satiñca khv±ha½, bhikkhave, sabbatthika½ vad±m²”ti (sa½. ni. 5.234) vacanato sabbesa½ sesabojjhaªg±na½ upak±rakatt± satisambojjhaªgova paµhama½ vutto. Tato para½ “so tath± sato viharanto ta½ dhamma½ paññ±ya pavicinat²”ti-±din± (vibha. 469) nayena sesabojjhaªg±na½ pubb±pariyavacane payojana½ sutteyeva vutta½. Evamettha kamatopi vinicchayo viññ±tabbo.

An³n±dhikatoti kasm± pana bhagavat± satteva bojjhaªg± vutt± an³n± anadhik±ti. L²nuddhaccapaµipakkhato sabbatthikato ca. Ettha hi tayo bojjhaªg± l²nassa paµipakkh±. Yath±ha– “yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye l²na½ citta½ hoti, k±lo tasmi½ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaªgassa bh±van±ya, k±lo v²riyasambojjhaªgassa bh±van±ya, k±lo p²tisambojjhaªgassa bh±van±y±”ti (sa½. ni. 5.234). Tayo uddhaccassa paµipakkh±. Yath±ha– “yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye uddhata½ citta½ hoti, k±lo tasmi½ samaye passaddhisambojjhaªgassa bh±van±ya, k±lo sam±dhisambojjhaªgassa bh±van±ya, k±lo upekkh±sambojjhaªgassa bh±van±y±”ti (sa½. ni. 5.234). Eko panettha sabbatthiko. Yath±ha– “satiñca khv±ha½, bhikkhave, sabbatthika½ vad±m²”ti. “Sabbatthakan”tipi p±µho, dvinnampi sabbattha icchitabbanti attho. Eva½ l²nuddhaccapaµipakkhato sabbatthikato ca satteva bojjhaªg± vutt± an³n± anadhik±ti, evamettha an³n±dhikatopi vinicchayo viññ±tabbo.

Eva½ t±va “satisambojjhaªgan”ti-±din± nayena vutt±na½ sattanna½ ±dipad±na½yeva atthavaººana½ ñatv± id±ni bh±veti vivekanissitanti-±d²su eva½ ñ±tabb±. Bh±vet²ti va¹¹heti, attano cittasant±ne punappuna½ janeti abhinibbattet²ti attho. Vivekanissitanti viveke nissita½. Vivekoti vivittat±. Sv±ya½ tadaªgaviveko vikkhambhanasamucchedapaµippassaddhi nissaraºavivekoti pañcavidho. Tassa n±natta½ “ariyadhamme avin²to”ti ettha vuttanayeneva veditabba½. Ayameva hi tattha vinayoti vutto. Eva½ etasmi½ pañcavidhe viveke.

Vivekanissitanti tadaªgavivekanissita½ samucchedavivekanissita½ nissaraºavivekanissitañca satisambojjhaªga½ bh±vet²ti ayamattho veditabbo. Tath± hi aya½ bojjhaªgabh±van±nuyutto yog² vipassan±kkhaºe kiccato tadaªgavivekanissita½, ajjh±sayato nissaraºavivekanissita½, maggak±le pana kiccato samucchedavivekanissita½, ±rammaºato nissaraºavivekanissita½ satisambojjhaªga½ bh±veti. Pañcavidhavivekanissitantipi eke, te hi na kevala½ balavavipassan±maggaphalakkhaºesu eva bojjhaªge uddharanti, vipassan±p±dakakasiºajjh±na-±n±p±n±subhabrahmavih±rajjh±nesupi uddharanti. Na ca paµisiddh± aµµhakath±cariyehi. Tasm± tesa½ matena etesa½ jh±n±na½ pavattikkhaºe kiccato eva vikkhambhanavivekanissita½. Yath± ca “vipassan±kkhaºe ajjh±sayato nissaraºavivekanissitan”ti vutta½, eva½ paµippassaddhivivekanissitampi bh±vet²ti vattu½ vaµµati. Esa nayo vir±ganissit±d²su. Vivekaµµh± eva hi vir±g±dayo.

Kevalañhettha vossaggo duvidho paricc±gavossaggo ca pakkhandanavossaggo c±ti. Tattha paricc±gavossaggoti vipassan±kkhaºe ca tadaªgavasena, maggakkhaºe ca samucchedavasena kilesappah±na½. Pakkhandanavossaggoti vipassan±kkhaºe tanninnabh±vena, maggakkhaºe pana ±rammaºakaraºena nibb±napakkhandana½. Tadubhayampi imasmi½ lokiyalokuttaramissake atthavaººan±naye vaµµati. Tath± hi aya½ satisambojjhaªgo yath±vuttena pak±rena kilese pariccajati, nibb±nañca pakkhandati. Vossaggapariº±minti imin± pana sakalena vacanena vossaggatta½ pariºamanta½ pariºatañca paripaccanta½ paripakkañc±ti. Ida½ vutta½ hoti “ayañhi bojjhaªgabh±van±nuyutto bhikkhu yath± satisambojjhaªgo kilesaparicc±gavossaggatta½ nibb±napakkhandanavossaggattañca paripaccati, yath± ca paripakko hoti, tath± na½ bh±vet²”ti. Esa nayo sesabojjhaªgesu.

Idha pana nibb±na½yeva sabbasaªkhatehi vivittatt± viveko, sabbesa½ vir±gabh±vato vir±go, nirodhabh±vato nirodhoti vutta½. Maggo eva ca vossaggapariº±m², tasm± satisambojjhaªga½ bh±veti viveka½ ±rammaºa½ katv± pavattiy± vivekanissita½. Tath± vir±ganissita½ nirodhanissita½. Tañca kho ariyamaggakkhaºuppattiy± kiles±na½ samucchedato paricc±gabh±vena ca nibb±napakkhandanabh±vena ca pariºata½ paripakkanti ayameva attho daµµhabbo. Esa nayo sesabojjhaªgesu.

Yañhiss±ti etesu bojjhaªgesu ya½kiñci assa. Sesa½ vuttanayameva. ¾savuppattiya½ panettha imesa½ uparimaggattayasampayutt±na½ bojjhaªg±na½ abh±vitatt± ye uppajjeyyu½ k±m±savo bhav±savo avijj±savoti tayo ±sav±, bh±vayato eva½sa te ±sav± na hont²ti aya½ nayo veditabbo.

Ime vuccanti…pe… bh±van± pah±tabb±ti ime tayo ±sav± im±ya maggattayasampayutt±ya bojjhaªgabh±van±ya pah±tabb±ti vuccant²ti veditabb±.

28. Id±ni imehi sattah±k±rehi pah²n±sava½ bhikkhu½ thomento ±savappah±ne cassa ±nisa½sa½ dassento eteheva ca k±raºehi ±savappah±ne satt±na½ ussukka½ janento yato kho, bhikkhave…pe… antamak±si dukkhass±ti ±ha. Tattha yato khoti s±mivacane tok±ro, yassa khoti vutta½ hoti. Por±º± pana yasmi½ k±leti vaººayanti. Ye ±sav± dassan± pah±tabb±ti ye ±sav± dassanena pah±tabb±, te dassaneneva pah²n± honti, na appah²nesuyeva pah²nasaññ² hoti. Eva½ sabbattha vitth±ro.

Sabb±savasa½varasa½vutoti sabbehi ±savapidh±nehi pihito, sabbesa½ v± ±sav±na½ pidh±nehi pihito. Acchecchi taºhanti sabbampi taºha½ chindi, sa½chindi samucchindi. Vivattayi sa½yojananti dasavidhampi sa½yojana½ parivattayi nimmalamak±si. Samm±ti hetun± k±raºena. M±n±bhisamay±ti m±nassa dassan±bhisamay± pah±n±bhisamay± ca. Arahattamaggo hi kiccavasena m±na½ passati, ayamassa dassan±bhisamayo. Tena diµµho pana so t±vadeva pah²yati diµµhavisena diµµhasatt±na½ j²vita½ viya. Ayamassa pah±n±bhisamayo.

Antamak±si dukkhass±ti eva½ arahattamaggena samm± m±nassa diµµhatt± pah²natt± ca ye ime “k±yabandhanassa anto j²rati (c³¼ava. 278). Haritanta½ v±”ti (ma. ni. 1.304) eva½ vutta-antimamariy±danto ca, “antamida½, bhikkhave, j²vik±nan”ti (itivu. 91; sa½. ni. 3.80) eva½ vuttal±makanto ca, “sakk±yo eko anto”ti (a. ni. 6.61) eva½ vuttakoµµh±santo ca, “esevanto dukkhassa sabbapaccayasaªkhay±”ti (sa½. ni. 2.51) eva½ vuttakoµanto c±ti eva½ catt±ro ant±, tesu sabbasseva vaµµadukkhassa anta½ catutthakoµisaªkh±ta½ antimakoµisaªkh±ta½ antamak±si pariccheda½ parivaµuma½ ak±si. Antimasamussayamatt±vasesa½ dukkha½ ak±s²ti vutta½ hoti.

Attaman± te bhikkh³ti sakaman± tuµµhaman±, p²tisomanassehi v± sampayuttaman± hutv±. Bhagavato bh±sita½ abhinandunti ida½ dukkhassa antakiriy±pariyos±na½ bhagavato bh±sita½ sukathita½ sulapita½, evameta½ bhagav± evameta½ sugat±ti matthakena sampaµicchant± abbhanumodi½s³ti.

Sesamettha ya½ na vutta½, ta½ pubbe vuttatt± ca suviññeyyatt± ca na vutta½. Tasm± sabba½ vutt±nus±rena anupadaso paccavekkhitabba½.

Bh±van±pah±tabba-±savavaººan± niµµhit±.

Papañcas³daniy± majjhimanik±yaµµhakath±ya

Sabb±savasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.