3. Dhammad±y±dasuttavaººan±
29. Eva½ me sutanti dhammad±y±dasutta½. Yasm± panassa aµµhuppattiko nikkhepo, tasm± ta½ dassetv± vassa apubbapadavaººana½ kariss±ma. Katar±ya ca panida½ aµµhuppattiy± nikkhittanti. L±bhasakk±re. Bhagavato kira mah±l±bhasakk±ro uppajji. Yath± ta½ catt±ro asaªkhyeyye p³ritad±nap±ram²sañcayassa. Sabbadis±su yamakamah±megho vuµµhahitv± mahogha½ viya sabbap±ramiyo ekasmi½ attabh±ve vip±ka½ dass±m±ti sampiº¹it± viya l±bhasakk±ramahogha½ nibbattayi½su. Tato tato annap±nay±navattham±l±gandhavilepan±dihatth± khattiyabr±hmaº±dayo ±gantv±– “kaha½ buddho, kaha½ bhagav±, kaha½ devadevo, nar±sabho, purisas²ho”ti bhagavanta½ pariyesanti. Sakaµasatehipi paccaye ±haritv± ok±sa½ alabham±n± samant± g±vutappam±ºampi sakaµadhurena sakaµadhuram±haccatiµµhanti ceva anubandhanti ca. Andhakavindabr±hmaº±dayo viya. Sabba½ khandhake tesu tesu suttesu ca ±gatanayeneva veditabba½. Yath± ca bhagavato, eva½ bhikkhusaªghass±pi.
Vuttampi ceta½– “tena kho pana samayena bhagav± sakkato hoti garukato m±nito p³jito apacito l±bh² c²varapiº¹ap±tasen±sanagil±napaccayabhesajjaparikkh±r±na½, bhikkhusaªghopi kho sakkato hoti…pe… parikkh±r±nan”ti (ud±. 14). Tath±– “y±vat± kho, cunda, etarahi saªgho v± gaºo v± loke uppanno, n±ha½, cunda, añña½ ekasaªghampi samanupass±mi, eva½ l±bhaggayasaggapatta½, yathariva, cunda, bhikkhusaªgho”ti (d². ni. 3.176).
Sv±ya½ bhagavato ca bhikkhusaªghassa ca uppanno l±bhasakk±ro ekato hutv± dvinna½ mah±nad²na½ udakamiva appameyyo ahosi. Kamena bhikkh³ paccayagaruk± paccayab±hulik± ahesu½. Pacch±bhattampi telamadhuph±ºit±d²su ±haµesu gaº¹i½yeva paharitv± “amh±ka½ ±cariyassa detha, upajjh±yassa deth±”ti ucc±saddamah±sadda½ karonti. S± ca nesa½ pavatti bhagavatopi p±kaµ± ahosi. Tato bhagav± ananucchavikanti dhammasa½vega½ upp±detv± cintesi– “Paccay± akappiy±ti na sakk± sikkh±pada½ paññapetu½. Paccayapaµibaddh± hi kulaputt±na½ samaºadhammavutti. Hand±ha½ dhammad±y±dapaµipada½ desemi. S± sikkh±k±m±na½ kulaputt±na½ sikkh±padapaññatti viya bhavissati nagaradv±re µhapitasabbak±yika-±d±so viya ca, yath± hi nagaradv±re µhapite sabbak±yike ±d±se catt±ro vaºº± attano ch±ya½ disv± vajja½ pah±ya niddos± honti, evameva sikkh±k±m± kulaputt± payogamaº¹anena att±na½ maº¹etuk±m± ima½ sabbak±yik±d±s³pama½ desana½ ±vajjitv± ±misad±y±dapaµipada½ vajjetv± dhammad±y±dapaµipada½ p³rent± khippameva j±tijar±maraºassa anta½ karissant²”ti. Imiss± aµµhuppattiy± ida½ sutta½ abh±si. Tattha dhammad±y±d± me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, m± ±misad±y±d±ti dhammassa me d±y±d±, bhikkhave, bhavatha, m± ±misassa. Yo mayha½ dhammo, tassa paµigg±hak± bhavatha, yañca kho mayha½ ±misa½, tassa m± paµigg±hak± bhavath±ti vutta½ hoti. Tattha dhammopi duvidho– nippariy±yadhammo, pariy±yadhammoti. ¾misampi duvidha½– nippariy±y±misa½, pariy±y±misanti. Katha½? Maggaphalanibb±nabhedo hi navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo nippariy±yadhammo nibbattitadhammo, na yena kenaci pariy±yena k±raºena v± lesena v± dhammo. Ya½ panida½ vivaµµ³panissita½ kusala½, seyyathida½, idhekacco vivaµµa½ patthento d±na½ deti, s²la½ sam±diyati, uposathakamma½ karoti, gandham±l±d²hi vatthup³ja½ karoti, dhamma½ suº±ti deseti jh±nasam±pattiyo nibbatteti, eva½ karonto anupubbena nippariy±yadhamma½ amata½ nibb±na½ paµilabhati, aya½ pariy±yadhammo. Tath± c²var±dayo catt±ro paccay± nippariy±y±misameva, na aññena pariy±yena k±raºena v± lesena v± ±misa½. Ya½ panida½ vaµµag±mikusala½, seyyathida½, idhekacco vaµµa½ patthento sampattibhava½ iccham±no d±na½ deti…pe… sam±pattiyo nibbatteti, eva½ karonto anupubbena devamanussasampatti½ paµilabhati, ida½ pariy±y±misa½n±ma. Tattha nippariy±yadhammopi bhagavatoyeva santako. Bhagavat± hi kathitatt± bhikkh³ maggaphalanibb±n±ni adhigacchanti. Vuttampi ceta½ “so hi br±hmaºa bhagav± anuppannassa maggassa upp±det±, asañj±tassa maggassa sañjanet±, anakkh±tassa maggassa akkh±t±, maggaññ³ maggavid³ maggakovido. Magg±nug± ca pana etarahi s±vak± viharanti pacch± samann±gat±”ti (ma. ni. 3.79) ca– “so h±vuso, bhagav± j±na½ j±n±ti, passa½ passati cakkhubh³to ñ±ºabh³to dhammabh³to brahmabh³to vatt± pavatt± atthassa ninnet± amatassa d±t± dhammass±m² tath±gato”ti (ma. ni. 1.203) ca. Pariy±yadhammopi bhagavatoyeva santako. Bhagavat± hi kathitatt± eva½ j±nanti “vivaµµa½ patthetv± d±na½ dento…pe… sam±pattiyo nibbattento anukkamena amata½ nibb±na½ paµilabhat²”ti. Nippariy±y±misampi ca bhagavatoyeva santaka½. Bhagavat± hi anuññ±tatt±yeva bhikkh³hi j²vakavatthu½ ±di½ katv± paº²tac²vara½ laddha½. Yath±ha “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, gahapatic²vara½. Yo icchati, pa½suk³liko hotu, yo icchati, gahapatic²vara½ s±diyatu. Itar²tarenap±ha½, bhikkhave, santuµµhi½yeva vaººem²”ti (mah±va. 337). Pubbe ca bhikkh³ paº²tapiº¹ap±ta½ n±latthu½. Sapad±napiº¹iy±lopabhojan± ev±hesu½. Tehi r±jagahe viharantena bhagavat±– “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, saªghabhatta½ uddesabhatta½ nimantana½ sal±kabhatta½ pakkhika½ uposathika½ p±µipadikan”ti (c³¼ava. 325) eva½ anuññ±tatt±yeva paº²tabhojana½ laddha½. Tath± sen±sana½. Pubbe hi akatapabbh±rarukkham³l±disen±san±yeva bhikkh³ ahesu½. Te “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, pañca leº±n²”ti (c³¼ava. 294) eva½ bhagavat± anuññ±tatt±yeva vih±ro a¹¹hayogo p±s±do hammiya½ guh±ti im±ni sen±san±ni labhi½su. Pubbe ca muttahar²takeneva bhesajja½ aka½su. Te bhagavat±yeva– “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, pañca bhesajj±ni, seyyathida½, sappi, navan²ta½, tela½, madhu, ph±ºitan”ti (mah±va. 260) evam±din± nayena anuññ±tatt± n±n±bhesajj±ni labhi½su. Pariy±y±misampi bhagavatoyeva santaka½. Bhagavat± hi kathitatt± yeva j±nanti– “sampattibhava½ patthento d±na½ datv± s²la½…pe… sam±pattiyo nibbattetv± anukkamena pariy±y±misa½ dibbasampatti½ manussasampatti½ paµilabhat²”ti. Tadeva, yasm± nippariy±yadhammopi pariy±yadhammopi nippariy±y±misampi pariy±y±misampi bhagavatoyeva santaka½, tasm± tattha attano s±mibh±va½ dassento ±ha– “dhammad±y±d± me, bhikkhave, bhavatha m± ±misad±y±d±”ti. Yo mayha½ santako duvidhopi dhammo, tassa d±y±d± bhavatha. Yañca kho eta½ mayhameva santaka½ ±misa½, tassa d±y±d± m± bhavatha. Dhammakoµµh±sasseva s±mino bhavatha, m± ±misakoµµh±sassa. Yo hi jinas±sane pabbajitv± paccayaparamo viharati cat³su taºhupp±desu sandissam±no nikkhittadhuro dhamm±nudhammappaµipattiya½, aya½ ±misad±y±do n±ma. T±dis± m± bhavatha. Yo pana anuññ±tapaccayesu appicchat±d²ni niss±ya paµisaªkh± sevam±no paµipattiparamo viharati cat³su ariyava½sesu sandissam±no, aya½ dhammad±y±do n±ma. T±dis± bhavath±ti vutta½ hoti. Id±ni yesa½ tattha etadahosi, bhavissati v± an±gatamaddh±na½ “ki½ nu kho bhagav± s±vak±na½ al±bhatthiko evam±h±”ti, tesa½ atipaº²tal±bhatthiko aha½ eva½ vad±m²ti dassetum±ha atthi me tumhesu…pe… no ±misad±y±d±ti. Tass±yamattho atthi me tumhesu anukamp± anudday± hitesit±, kena nu kho k±raºena kena up±yena s±vak± dhammad±y±d± assu dhammakoµµh±sas±mino, no ±misad±y±d±ti. Aya½ pana adhipp±yo, passati kira bhagav± ±misagaruk±na½ ±mise upakkhalit±na½ at²tak±le t±va kapilassa bhikkhuno, “saªgh±µipi ±ditt± hot²”ti-±din± (p±r±. 230; sa½. ni. 2.218) nayena ±gatap±pabhikkhubhikkhun²sikkham±n±d²nañca anekasat±na½ ap±yaparip³raºatta½ attano s±sane pabbajit±nañca devadatt±d²na½. Dhammagaruk±na½ pana s±riputtamoggall±namah±kassap±d²na½ abhiññ±paµisambhid±diguºappaµil±bha½. Tasm± tesa½ ap±y± parimutti½ sabbaguºasampattiñca icchanto ±ha– “atthi me tumhesu anukamp± kinti me s±vak± dhammad±y±d± bhaveyyu½, no ±misad±y±d±”ti. Paccayagaruko ca catuparisantare k³µakah±paºo viya nibbutaªg±ro viya ca nittejo nippabho hoti. Tato vivattitacitto dhammagaruko tejav± s²hova abhibhuyyac±r², tasm±pi evam±ha– “atthi me…pe… no ±misad±y±d±”ti. Eva½ “dhammad±y±d± me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, m± ±misad±y±d±”ti ida½ anukamp±ya paº²tatara½ l±bha½ icchantena vutta½, no al±bhatthiken±ti s±vetv± id±ni imassa ov±dassa akaraºe ±d²nava½ dassento ±ha “tumhe ca me, bhikkhave…pe… no dhammad±y±d±”ti. Tattha tumhepi tena ±diy± bhaveyy±th±ti tumhepi tena ±misad±y±dabh±vena no dhammad±y±dabh±vena ±diy± bhaveyy±tha. Apadisitabb± visu½ k±tabb± vavatthapetabb±, viññ³hi g±rayh± bhaveyy±th±ti vutta½ hoti. Kinti? ¾misad±y±d± satthus±vak± viharanti, no dhammad±y±d±ti. Ahampi tena ±diyo bhaveyyanti ahampi tena tumh±ka½ ±misad±y±dabh±vena no dhammad±y±dabh±vena g±rayho bhaveyya½. Kinti? ¾misa…pe… d±y±d±ti. Ida½ bhagav± tesa½ at²va mudukaraºattham±ha. Ayañhi ettha adhipp±yo– sace, bhikkhave, tumhe ±misalol± carissatha, tattha viññ³ ma½ garahissanti “kathañhi n±ma sabbaññ³ sam±no attano s±vake dhammad±y±de no ±misad±y±de k±tu½ na sakkot²”ti. Seyyath±pi n±ma an±kappasampanne bhikkh³ disv± ±cariyupajjh±ye garahanti “kassime saddhivih±rik±, kassantev±sik±”ti; seyyath± v± pana kulakum±rake v± kulakum±rik±yo v± duss²le p±padhamme disv± m±t±pitaro garahanti “kassime putt±, kassa dh²taro”ti; evameva ma½ viññ³ garahissanti “kathañhi n±ma sabbaññ³ sam±no attano s±vake dhammad±y±de no ±misad±y±de k±tu½ na sakkot²”ti. Eva½ imassa ov±dassa akaraºe ±d²nava½ dassetv± karaºe ±nisa½sa½ dassento tumhe ca meti-±dim±ha. Tattha ahampi tena na ±diyo bhaveyyanti seyyath±pi n±ma vattaparip³rake daharabhikkh³ uddesaparipucch±sampanne vassasatikatthere viya ±kappasampanne disv±, kassa saddhivih±rik±, kassantev±sik±ti, asukass±ti, “patir³pa½ therassa, paµibalo vata ovaditu½ anus±situn”ti ±cariyupajjh±y± na ±diy± na g±rayh± bhavanti, evameva ahampi tena tumh±ka½ dhammad±y±dabh±vena no ±misad±y±dabh±vena kassa s±vak± n±lakapaµipada½ tuvaµµakapaµipada½ cand³pamapaµipada½ rathavin²tapaµipada½ mah±gosiªgas±lapaµipada½ mah±suññatapaµipada½ paµipann± catupaccayasantosabh±van±r±ma-ariyava½sesu sakkhibh³t± paccayagedhato vivattam±nas± abbh± muttacandasam± viharant²ti; “samaºassa gotamass±”ti vutte “sabbaññ³ vata bhagav±, asakkhi vata s±vake ±misad±y±dapaµipada½ cha¹¹±petv± dhammad±y±dapaµipattip³rake k±tun”ti viññ³na½ na ±diyo na g±rayho bhaveyyanti. Evamimasmi½ pade adhipp±ya½ ñatv± sesa½ kaºhapakkhe vuttanayapaccan²kena veditabba½. Eva½ imassa ov±dassa karaºe ±nisa½sa½ dassetv± id±ni ta½ ov±da½ niyy±tento ±ha– “tasm± tiha me, bhikkhave…pe… no ±misad±y±d±”ti.