33. Tatr±vusoti ko anusandhi, eva½ navah±k±rehi ±misad±y±dapaµipada½ garahanto, navahi dhammad±y±dapaµipada½ thomento, aµµh±rasah±k±rehi desana½ niµµh±petv±, ye te “yesañca dhamm±na½ satth± pah±nam±ha, te ca dhamme na pajahant²”ti eva½ pah±tabbadhamm± vutt±. Te sar³pato “ime te”ti dassetumida½ “tatr±vuso, lobho c±”ti-±dim±ha, aya½ anusandhi.
Apica heµµh± pariy±yeneva dhammo kathito. ¾misa½ pana pariy±yenapi nippariy±yenapi kathita½. Id±ni nippariy±yadhamma½ lokuttaramagga½ kathetumidam±ha. Aya½ pettha anusandhi.
Tattha tatr±ti at²tadesan±nidassana½, “satthu pavivittassa viharato s±vak± viveka½ n±nusikkhant²”ti-±din± nayena vuttadesan±yanti vutta½ hoti. Lobho ca p±pako, doso ca p±pakoti ime dve dhamm± p±pak± l±mak±, ime pah±tabb±ti dasseti. Tattha lubbhanalakkhaºo lobho. Dussanalakkhaºo doso. Tesu lobho ±misad±y±dassa paccay±na½ l±bhe hoti, doso al±bhe. Lobhena aladdha½ pattheti, dosena alabhanto vigh±tav± hoti. Lobho ca deyyadhamme hoti, doso ad±yake v± amanuññad±yake v±. Lobhena navataºh±m³lake dhamme parip³reti, dosena pañca macchariy±ni.
Id±ni tesa½ pah±n³p±ya½ dassento lobhassa ca pah±n±y±ti-±dim±ha. Tassattho, tassa pana p±pakassa lobhassa ca dosassa ca pah±n±ya. Atthi majjhim± paµipad±ti magga½ sandh±ya ida½ vutta½. Maggo hi lobho eko anto, doso eko antoti ete dve ante na upeti, na upagacchati, vimutto etehi antehi, tasm± “majjhim± paµipad±”ti vuccati. Etesa½ majjhe bhavatt± “majjhim±, paµipajjitabbato ca paµipad±ti. Tath± k±masukhallik±nuyogo eko anto, attakilamath±nuyogo eko anto, sassata½ eko anto, ucchedo eko antoti purimanayeneva vitth±retabba½.
Cakkhukaraº²ti-±d²hi pana tameva paµipada½ thometi. S± hi sacc±na½ dassan±ya sa½vattati dassanapariº±yakaµµhen±ti cakkhukaraº². Sacc±na½ ñ±º±ya sa½vattati viditakaraºaµµhen±ti ñ±ºakaraº². R±g±d²nañca v³pasamanato upasam±ya sa½vattati. Catunnampi sacc±na½ abhiññeyyabh±vadassanato abhiññ±ya sa½vattati. Sambodhoti maggo, tassatth±ya sa½vattanato sambodh±ya sa½vattati. Maggoyeva hi maggatth±ya sa½vattati maggena k±tabbakiccakaraºato. Nibb±na½ n±ma appaccaya½ tassa pana sacchikiriy±ya paccakkhakamm±ya sa½vattanato nibb±n±ya sa½vattat²ti vuccati. Ayamettha s±ro. Ito aññath± vaººan± papañc±.
Id±ni ta½ majjhima½ paµipada½ sar³pato dassetuk±mo “katam± ca s±”ti pucchitv± “ayamev±”ti-±din± nayena vissajjeti.
Tattha ayamev±ti avadh±raºavacana½, aññamaggappaµisedhanattha½, buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhas±vak±na½ s±dh±raºabh±vadassanatthañca. Vuttañceta½ “eseva maggo natthañño dassanassa visuddhiy±”ti (dha. pa. 274). Sv±ya½ kiles±na½ ±rakatt±pi ariyo. Aripah±n±ya sa½vattat²tipi ariyena desitotipi ariyabh±vappaµil±bh±ya sa½vattat²tipi ariyo. Aµµhahi aªgehi upetatt± aµµhaªgiko, na ca aªgavinimutto pañcaªgikat³riy±d²ni viya. Kilese m±rento gacchati, maggati v± nibb±na½, magg²yati v± nibb±natthikehi, gammati v± tehi paµipajj²yat²ti maggo. Seyyathidanti nip±to, tassa katamo so iti ceti attho, katam±ni v± t±ni aµµhaªg±n²ti. Ekamekañhi aªga½ maggoyeva. Yath±ha “samm±diµµhi maggo ceva hetu c±”ti (dha. sa. 1039). Por±º±pi bhaºanti– “dassanamaggo samm±diµµhi, abhiniropanamaggo samm±saªkappo…pe… avikkhepamaggo samm±sam±dh²”ti.
Samm±diµµh±d²su cetesu samm± dassanalakkhaº± samm±diµµhi. Samm± abhiniropanalakkhaºo samm±saªkappo. Samm± pariggahalakkhaº± samm±v±c±. Samm± samuµµh±nalakkhaºo samm±kammanto. Samm± vod±nalakkhaºo samm±-±j²vo. Samm± paggahalakkhaºo samm±v±y±mo. Samm± upaµµh±nalakkhaº± samm±sati. Samm± sam±dh±nalakkhaºo samm±sam±dhi. Nibbacanampi nesa½ samm± passat²ti samm±diµµh²ti eteneva nayena veditabba½.
Tattha samm±diµµhi uppajjam±n± micch±diµµhi½ tappaccan²yakilese ca avijjañca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca passati, te ca kho asammohato, no ±rammaºato, tasm± “samm±diµµh²”ti vuccati.
Samm±saªkappo micch±saªkappa½ tappaccan²yakilese ca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± abhiniropeti, tasm± “samm±saªkappo”ti vuccati.
Samm±v±c± micch±v±ca½ tappaccan²yakilese ca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± pariggaºh±ti, tasm± “samm±v±c±”ti vuccati.
Samm±kammanto micch±kammanta½ tappaccan²yakilese ca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± samuµµh±peti, tasm± “samm±kammanto”ti vuccati.
Samm±-±j²vo micch±-±j²va½ tappaccan²yakilese ca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± vod±peti, tasm± “samm±-±j²vo”ti vuccati.
Samm±v±y±mo micch±v±y±ma½ tappaccan²yakilese ca kosajjañca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± paggaºh±ti, tasm± “samm±v±y±mo”ti vuccati.
Samm±sati micch±sati½ tappaccan²yakilese ca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± upaµµh±peti, tasm± “samm±sat²”ti vuccati.
Samm±sam±dhi micch±sam±dhi½ tappaccan²yakilese ca uddhaccañca pajahati, nibb±nañca ±rammaºa½ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca samm± sam±dhiyati, tasm± “samm±sam±dh²”ti vuccati.
Id±ni aya½ kho s±, ±vusoti tameva paµipada½ nigamento ±ha. Tassattho, yv±ya½ catt±ropi lokuttaramagge ekato katv± kathito “aµµhaªgiko maggo”, aya½ kho s±, ±vuso…pe… nibb±n±ya sa½vattat²ti.
Eva½ pah±tabbadhammesu lobhadose tappah±nup±yañca dassetv± id±ni aññepi pah±tabbadhamme tesa½ pah±nup±yañca dassento tatr±vuso, kodho c±ti-±dim±ha. Tattha kujjhanalakkhaºo kodho, caº¹ikkalakkhaºo v±, ±gh±takaraºaraso, dussanapaccupaµµh±no. Upanandhanalakkhaºo upan±ho, vera appaµinissajjanaraso, kodh±nupabandhabh±vapaccupaµµh±no. Vuttañceta½– “pubbak±le kodho, aparak±le upan±ho”ti-±di (vibha. 891).
Paraguºamakkhanalakkhaºo makkho, tesa½ vin±sanaraso, tadavacch±danapaccupaµµh±no. Yugagg±halakkhaºo pa¼±so, paraguºehi attano guº±na½ sam²karaºaraso, paresa½ guºappam±ºena upaµµh±napaccupaµµh±no.
Parasampattikh²yanalakkhaº± iss±, tass± akkhamanalakkhaº± v±, tattha anabhiratiras±, tato vimukhabh±vapaccupaµµh±n±. Attano sampattinig³hanalakkhaºa½ macchera½, attano sampattiy± parehi s±dh±raºabh±va-asukh±yanarasa½, saªkocanapaccupaµµh±na½.
Katap±papaµicch±danalakkhaº± m±y±, tassa nig³hanaras±, tad±varaºapaccupaµµh±n±. Attano avijjam±naguºapak±sanalakkhaºa½ s±µheyya½, tesa½ samud±haraºarasa½, sar²r±k±rehipi tesa½ vibh³takaraºapaccupaµµh±na½.
Cittassa uddhum±tabh±valakkhaºo thambho, appatissayavuttiraso, amaddavat±paccupaµµh±no. Karaºuttariyalakkhaºo s±rambho, vipaccan²kat±raso, ag±ravapaccupaµµh±no.
Uººatilakkhaºo m±no, aha½k±raraso, uddhum±tabh±vapaccupaµµh±no. Abbhuººatilakkhaºo atim±no, ativiya ahaªk±raraso. Accuddhum±tabh±vapaccupaµµh±no.
Mattabh±valakkhaºo mado, madagg±haºaraso, umm±dapaccupaµµh±no. Pañcasu k±maguºesu cittavossaggalakkhaºo pam±do, vossagg±nuppad±naraso, sativippav±sapaccupaµµh±noti eva½ imesa½ dhamm±na½ lakkhaº±d²ni veditabb±ni. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ro pana “tattha katamo kodho”ti-±din± vibhaªge (vibha. 891) vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
Visesato cettha ±misad±y±do attan± alabhanto aññassa l±bhino kujjhati, tassa saki½ uppanno kodho kodhoyeva, tatuttari upan±ho. So eva½ kuddho upanayhanto ca santepi aññassa l±bhino guºe makkheti, ahampi t±disoti ca yugagg±ha½ gaºh±ti, ayamassa makkho ca pa¼±so ca, eva½ makkh² pa¼±s² tassa l±bhasakk±r±d²su ki½ imassa imin±ti issati padussati, ayamassa iss±. Sace panassa k±ci sampatti hoti, tass± tena s±dh±raºabh±va½ na sahati, idamassa macchera½. L±bhahetu kho pana attano santepi dose paµicch±deti, ayamassa m±y±. Asantepi guºe pak±seti. Idamassa s±µheyya½. So eva½ paµipanno sace yath±dhipp±ya½ l±bha½ labhati, tena thaddho hoti amuducitto, nayida½ eva½ k±tabbanti ovaditu½ asakkuºeyyo, ayamassa thambho. Sace pana na½ koci kiñci vadati “nayida½ eva½ k±tabban”ti, tena s±raddhacitto hoti bh±kuµikamukho “ko me tvan”ti pasayha bh±º², ayamassa s±rambho. Tato thambhena “ahameva seyyo”ti att±na½ maññanto m±n² hoti. S±rambhena “ke ime”ti pare atimaññanto atim±n², ayamassa m±no ca atim±no ca. So tehi m±n±tim±nehi j±timad±di-anekar³pa½ mada½ janeti. Matto sam±no k±maguº±dibhedesu vatth³su pamajjati, ayamassa mado ca pam±do c±ti.
Eva½ ±misad±y±do aparimutto hoti imehi p±pakehi dhammehi aññehi ca evar³pehi. Eva½ t±vettha pah±tabbadhamm± veditabb±. Pah±nup±yo p±µhato ca atthato ca sabbattha nibbisesoyeva.
ѱºaparicayap±µavattha½ panettha aya½ bhedo ca kamo ca bh±van±nayo ca veditabbo. Tattha bhedo t±va, ayañhi majjhim± paµipad± kad±ci ariyo aµµhaªgiko maggo hoti, kad±ci sattaªgiko. Ayañhi lokuttarapaµhamajjh±navasena uppajjam±no aµµhaªgiko maggo hoti, avasesajjh±navasena sattaªgiko. Ukkaµµhaniddesato panidha aµµhaªgikoti vutto. Ito parañhi maggaªga½ natthi. Eva½ t±vettha bhedo veditabbo.
Yasm± pana sabbakusal±na½ samm±diµµhi seµµh±, yath±ha “paññ± hi seµµh± kusal± vadant²”ti (j±. 2.17.81). Kusalav±re ca pubbaªgam±, yath±ha “kathañca, bhikkhave, samm±diµµhi pubbaªgam± hoti, samm±diµµhi½ samm±diµµh²ti paj±n±ti, micch±diµµhi½ micch±diµµh²ti paj±n±t²”ti (ma. ni. 3.136) vitth±ro. Yath± c±ha “vijj± ca kho, bhikkhave, pubbaªgam± kusal±na½ dhamm±na½ sam±pattiy±”ti. Tappabhav±bhinibbatt±ni sesaªg±ni, yath±ha “samm±diµµhissa samm±saªkappo pahoti…pe… samm±satissa samm±sam±dhi pahot²”ti (ma. ni. 3.141). Tasm± imin± kamena et±ni aªg±ni vutt±n²ti evamettha kamo veditabbo.
Bh±van±nayoti koci samathapubbaªgama½ vipassana½ bh±veti, koci vipassan±pubbaªgama½ samatha½. Katha½? Idhekacco paµhama½ upac±rasam±dhi½ v± appan±sam±dhi½ v± upp±deti, aya½ samatho; so tañca ta½sampayutte ca dhamme anicc±d²hi vipassati, aya½ vipassan±. Iti paµhama½ samatho, pacch± vipassan±. Tena vuccati “samathapubbaªgama½ vipassana½ bh±vet²”ti. Tassa samathapubbaªgama½ vipassana½ bh±vayato maggo sañj±yati, so ta½ magga½ ±sevati bh±veti bahul²karoti, tassa ta½ magga½ ±sevato bh±vayato bahul²karoto sa½yojan±ni pah²yanti, anusay± byant²honti, eva½ samathapubbaªgama½ vipassana½ bh±veti.
Idha panekacco vuttappak±ra½ samatha½ anupp±detv±va pañcup±d±nakkhandhe anicc±d²hi vipassati, aya½ vipassan±. Tassa vipassan±p±rip³riy± tattha j±t±na½ dhamm±na½ vossagg±rammaºato uppajjati cittassa ekaggat±, aya½ samatho. Iti paµhama½ vipassan± pacch± samatho. Tena vuccati “vipassan±pubbaªgama½ samatha½ bh±vet²”ti. Tassa vipassan±pubbaªgama½ samatha½ bh±vayato maggo sañj±yati, so ta½ magga½ ±sevati…pe… bahul²karoti, tassa ta½ magga½ ±sevato…pe… anusay± byant²honti (a. ni. 4.170; paµi. ma. 2.1), eva½ vipassan±pubbaªgama½ samatha½ bh±veti.
Samathapubbaªgama½ pana vipassana½ bh±vayatopi vipassan±pubbaªgama½ samatha½ bh±vayatopi lokuttaramaggakkhaºe samathavipassan± yuganaddh±va honti. Evamettha bh±van±nayo veditabboti.

Papañcas³daniy± majjhimanik±yaµµhakath±ya

Dhammad±y±dasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.