Saraºagamanakath±vaººan±
Id±ni tesu saraºagamanesu kosallattha½ saraºa½, saraºagamana½. Yo ca saraºa½ gacchati, saraºagamanappabhedo saraºagamanassa phala½, sa½kileso, bhedoti aya½ vidhi veditabbo. Seyyathida½– padatthato t±va hi½sat²ti saraºa½, saraºagat±na½ teneva saraºagamanena bhaya½ sant±sa½ dukkha½ duggatiparikilesa½ hanati vin±set²ti attho, ratanattayasseveta½ adhivacana½. Atha v± hite pavattanena ahit± ca nivattanena satt±na½ bhaya½ hi½sati buddho. Bhavakant±r± utt±raºena ass±sad±nena ca dhammo. Appak±nampi k±r±na½ vipulaphalapaµil±bhakaraºena saªgho. Tasm± imin±pi pariy±yena ratanattaya½ saraºa½. Tappas±dataggarut±hi vihatakileso tappar±yaºat±k±rappavatto cittupp±do saraºagamana½. Ta½samaªgisatto saraºa½ gacchati, vuttappak±rena cittupp±dena et±ni me t²ºi saraº±ni saraºa½, et±ni par±yaºanti eva½ upet²ti attho. Eva½ t±va saraºa½ saraºagamana½ yo ca saraºa½ gacchat²ti ida½ taya½ veditabba½. Saraºagamanappabhede pana duvidha½ saraºagamana½ lokuttara½ lokiyañca. Tattha lokuttara½ diµµhasacc±na½ maggakkhaºe saraºagamanupakkilesasamucchedena ±rammaºato nibb±n±rammaºa½ hutv± kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati. Lokiya½ puthujjan±na½ saraºagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ±rammaºato buddh±diguº±rammaºa½ hutv± ijjhati, ta½ atthato buddh±d²su vatth³su saddh±paµil±bho, saddh±m³lik± ca samm±diµµhi dasasu puññakiriyavatth³su diµµhijukammanti vuccati. Tayida½ catudh± pavattati attasanniyy±tanena tappar±yaºat±ya sissabh±v³pagamanena paºip±ten±ti. Tattha attasanniyy±tana½ n±ma “ajja ±di½ katv± aha½ att±na½ buddhassa niyy±temi, dhammassa, saªghass±”ti eva½ buddh±d²na½ attapariccajana½. Tappar±yaºat± n±ma “ajja ±di½ katv± aha½ buddhapar±yaºo, dhammapar±yaºo, saªghapar±yaºo iti ma½ dh±reth±”ti eva½ tappar±yaºabh±vo. Sissabh±v³pagamana½ n±ma “ajja ±di½ katv± aha½ buddhassa antev±siko, dhammassa, saªghass±ti ma½ dh±reth±”ti eva½ sissabh±v³pagamo. Paºip±to n±ma “ajja ±di½ katv± aha½ abhiv±danapaccuµµh±na-añjalikammas±m²cikamma½ buddh±d²na½yeva tiººa½ vatth³na½ karomi, iti ma½ dh±reth±”ti eva½ buddh±d²su paramanipaccak±ro. Imesañhi catunna½ ±k±r±na½ aññatarampi karontena gahita½yeva hoti saraºagamana½. Apica bhagavato att±na½ pariccaj±mi, dhammassa, saªghassa att±na½ pariccaj±mi. J²vita½ pariccaj±mi, pariccattoyeva me att±, pariccatta½yeva me j²vita½, j²vitapariyantika½ buddha½ saraºa½ gacch±mi, buddho me saraºa½ leºa½ t±ºanti evampi attasanniyy±tana½ veditabba½. “Satth±rañca vat±ha½ passeyya½ bhagavantameva passeyya½, sugatañca vat±ha½ passeyya½ bhagavantameva passeyya½, samm±sambuddhañca vat±ha½ passeyya½ bhagavantameva passeyyan”ti (sa½. ni. 2.154) evampi mah±kassapassa saraºagamana½ viya sissabh±v³pagamana½ daµµhabba½.
“So aha½ vicariss±mi, g±m± g±ma½ pur± pura½;
namassam±no sambuddha½, dhammassa ca sudhammatan”ti. (Su. ni. 194; sa½. ni. 1.246)–
Evampi ±¼avak±d²na½ saraºagamana½ viya tappar±yaºat± veditabb±. “Atha kho brahm±yu br±hmaºo uµµh±y±san± eka½sa½ uttar±saªga½ karitv± bhagavato p±desu siras± nipatitv± bhagavato p±d±ni mukhena ca paricumbati, p±º²hi ca parisamb±hati, n±mañca s±veti brahm±yu aha½, bho gotama, br±hmaºo, brahm±yu aha½, bho gotama, br±hmaºo”ti (ma. ni. 2.394) evampi paºip±to daµµhabbo.
So panesa ñ±tibhay±cariyadakkhiºeyyavasena catubbidho hoti. Tattha dakkhiºeyyapaºip±tena saraºagamana½ hoti, na itarehi. Seµµhavaseneva hi saraºa½ gayhati, seµµhavasena bhijjati, tasm± yo s±kiyo v± koliyo v± “buddho amh±ka½ ñ±tako”ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraºa½. Yo v± “samaºo gotamo r±jap³jito mah±nubh±vo, avandiyam±no anatthampi kareyy±”ti bhayena vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraºa½. Yo v± bodhisattak±le bhagavato santike kiñci uggahita½ saram±no buddhak±le v±–
“Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dv²hi kamma½ payojaye;
catutthañca nidh±peyya, ±pad±su bhavissat²”ti. (D². ni. 3.265)–
Evar³pa½ anus±sani½ uggahetv± “±cariyo me”ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraºa½. Yo pana “aya½ loke aggadakkhiºeyyo”ti vandati, teneva gahita½ hoti saraºa½.
Eva½ gahitasaraºassa ca up±sakassa v± up±sik±ya v± aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñ±ti½ “ñ±tako me ayan”ti vandato saraºagamana½ na bhijjati, pageva apabbajita½. Tath± r±j±na½ bhayavasena vandato, so hi raµµhap³jitatt± avandiyam±no anatthampi kareyy±ti. Tath± ya½kiñci sippa½ sikkh±paka½ titthiya½ “±cariyo me ayan”ti vandatopi na bhijjat²ti eva½ saraºagamanappabhedo veditabbo. Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraºagamanassa catt±ri s±maññaphal±ni vip±kaphala½, sabbadukkhakkhayo ±nisa½saphala½. Vuttañheta½–
“Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saªghañca saraºa½ gato;
catt±ri ariyasacc±ni, sammappaññ±ya passati.
Dukkha½ dukkhasamupp±da½, dukkhassa ca atikkama½;
ariyañcaµµhaªgika½ magga½, dukkh³pasamag±mina½.
Eta½ kho saraºa½ khema½, eta½ saraºamuttama½;
eta½ saraºam±gamma, sabbadukkh± pamuccat²”ti. (Dha. pa. 190-192).
Apica niccato anupagaman±divasena petassa ±nisa½saphala½ veditabba½. Vuttañheta½, “aµµh±nameta½, bhikkhave, anavak±so, ya½ diµµhisampanno puggalo kañci saªkh±ra½ niccato upagaccheyya, sukhato upagaccheyya, kañci dhamma½ attato upagaccheyya, m±tara½ j²vit± voropeyya, pitara½ arahanta½ j²vit± voropeyya, duµµhacitto tath±gatassa lohita½ upp±deyya, saªgha½ bhindeyya, añña½ satth±ra½ uddiseyya, neta½ µh±na½ vijjat²”ti (ma. ni. 3.128; a. ni. 1.268-276). Lokiyassa pana saraºagamanassa bhavasampad±pi bhogasampad±pi phalameva. Vuttañheta½–
“Yekeci buddha½ saraºa½ gat±se,
na te gamissanti ap±yabh³mi½;
pah±ya m±nusa½ deha½,
devak±ya½ parip³ressant²”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.37).
Aparampi vutta½ “atha kho sakko dev±namindo as²tiy± devat±sahassehi saddhi½ yen±yasm± mah±moggall±no, tenupasaªkami…pe… ekamanta½ µhita½ kho sakka½ dev±naminda½ ±yasm± mah±moggall±no etadavoca ‘s±dhu kho dev±naminda buddha½ saraºagamana½ hoti, buddha½ saraºagamanahetu kho dev±naminda evamidhekacce satt± k±yassa bhed± para½ maraº± sugati½ sagga½ loka½ upapajjant²’ti. Te aññe deve dasahi µh±nehi adhigaºhanti dibbena ±yun± dibbena vaººena sukhena yasena ±dhipateyyena dibbehi r³pehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoµµhabbeh²”ti (sa½. ni. 4.341). Esa nayo dhamme saªghe ca. Apica vel±masutt±divasen±pi (a. ni. 9.20) saraºagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo. Eva½ saraºagamanaphala½ veditabba½. Tattha lokiyasaraºagamana½ t²su vatth³su aññ±ºasa½sayamicch±ñ±º±d²hi sa½kilissati, na mah±jutika½ hoti, na mah±vipph±ra½. Lokuttarassa natthi sa½kileso. Lokiyassa ca saraºagamanassa duvidho bhedo s±vajjo anavajjo ca. Tattha s±vajjo aññasatth±r±d²su attasanniyy±tan±d²hi hoti, so aniµµhaphalo. Anavajjo k±la½ kiriy±ya, so avip±katt± aphalo. Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo. Bhavantarepi hi ariyas±vako aññasatth±ra½ na uddisat²ti eva½ saraºagamanassa sa½kileso ca bhedo ca veditabboti. Up±saka½ ma½ bhava½ gotamo dh±ret³ti ma½ bhava½ gotamo “up±sako ayan”ti eva½ dh±retu, j±n±t³ti attho.
Saraºagamanakath±vaººan± niµµhit±.