Kasm± pana bhagavat± catt±rova satipaµµh±n± vutt± an³n± anadhik±ti? Veneyyahitatt± Taºh±caritadiµµhicaritasamathay±nikavipassan±y±nikesu hi mandatikkhavasena dvedh± dvedh± pavattesu veneyyesu mandassa taºh±caritassa o¼±rika½ k±y±nupassan±satipaµµh±na½ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa sukhuma½ vedan±nupassana½ satipaµµh±na½. Diµµhicaritass±pi mandassa n±tippabhedagata½ citt±nupassan±satipaµµh±na½ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa atippabhedagata½ dhamm±nupassan±satipaµµh±na½. Samathay±nikassa ca mandassa akicchena adhigantabbanimitta½ paµhama½ satipaµµh±na½ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa o¼±rik±rammaºe asaºµhahanato dutiya½. Vipassan±y±nikassapi mandassa n±tippabhedagat±rammaºa½ tatiya½, tikkhassa atippabhedagat±rammaºa½ catuttha½. Iti catt±rova vutt± an³n± anadhik±ti.

Subhasukhanicca-attabh±vavipall±sapah±nattha½ v±. K±yo hi asubho, tattha ca subhavipall±savipallatth± satt±, tesa½ tattha asubhabh±vadassanena tassa vipall±sassa pah±nattha½ paµhama½ satipaµµh±na½ vutta½. Sukha½ nicca½ att±ti gahitesupi ca vedan±d²su vedan± dukkh±, citta½ anicca½, dhamm± anatt±, tesu ca sukhanicca-attavipall±savipallatth± satt±, tesa½ tattha dukkh±dibh±vadassanena tesa½ vipall±s±na½ pah±nattha½ ses±ni t²ºi vutt±n²ti eva½ subhasukhanicca-attabh±vavipall±sapah±nattha½ v± catt±rova vutt± an³n± anadhik±ti veditabb±.

Na kevalañca vipall±sapah±natthameva, atha kho caturoghayog±savagantha-up±d±na-agatipah±natthampi catubbidh±h±rapariññatthañca catt±rova vutt±ti veditabb±. Aya½ t±va pakaraºanayo.

Aµµhakath±ya½ pana saraºavasena ceva ekattasamosaraºavasena ca ekameva satipaµµh±na½ ±rammaºavasena catt±roti etadeva vutta½. Yath± hi catudv±re nagare p±c²nato ±gacchant± p±c²nadis±ya uµµh±naka½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± p±c²nadv±rena nagarameva pavisanti, dakkhiºato pacchimato uttarato ±gacchant± uttaradis±ya uµµh±naka½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± uttaradv±rena nagarameva pavisanti, eva½sampadamida½ veditabba½. Nagara½ viya hi nibb±namah±nagara½ Dv±ra½ viya aµµhaªgiko lokuttaramaggo. P±c²nadis±dayo viya k±y±dayo.

Yath± p±c²nato ±gacchant± p±c²nadis±ya uµµh±naka½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± p±c²nadv±rena nagarameva pavisanti, eva½ k±y±nupassan±mukhena ±gacchant± cuddasavidhena k±y±nupassana½ bh±vetv± k±y±nupassan±bh±van±nubh±vanibbattena ariyamaggena eka½ nibb±nameva osaranti.

Yath± dakkhiºato ±gacchant± dakkhiºadis±ya uµµh±naka½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± dakkhiºadv±rena nagarameva pavisanti, eva½ vedan±nupassan±mukhena ±gacchant± navavidhena vedan±nupassana½ bh±vetv± vedan±nupassan±bh±van±nubh±vanibbattena ariyamaggena eka½ nibb±nameva osaranti.

Yath± pacchimato ±gacchant± pacchimadis±ya uµµh±naka½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± pacchimadv±rena nagarameva pavisanti, eva½ citt±nupassan±mukhena ±gacchant± so¼asavidhena citt±nupassana½ bh±vetv± citt±nupassan±bh±van±nubh±vanibbattena ariyamaggena eka½ nibb±nameva osaranti.

Yath± uttarato ±gacchant± uttaradis±ya uµµh±naka½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± uttaradv±rena nagarameva pavisanti, eva½ dhamm±nupassan±mukhena ±gacchant± pañcavidhena dhamm±nupassana½ bh±vetv± dhamm±nupassan±bh±van±nubh±vanibbattena ariyamaggena eka½ nibb±nameva osaranti.

Eva½ saraºavasena ceva ekattasamosaraºavasena ca ekameva satipaµµh±na½ ±rammaºavasena catt±rova vutt±ti veditabb±.

Katame catt±roti kathetukamyat± pucch±. Idh±ti imasmi½ s±sane. Bhikkhaveti dhammapaµigg±hakapuggal±lapanameta½. Bhikkh³ti paµipattisamp±dakapuggalanidassanameta½. Aññepi ca devamanuss± paµipatti½ samp±dentiyeva, seµµhatt± pana paµipattiy± bhikkhubh±vadassanato ca, “bhikkh³”ti ±ha. Bhagavato hi anus±sani½ sampaµicchantesu bhikkhu seµµho, sabbappak±r±ya anus±saniy± bh±janabh±vato, tasm± seµµhatt± “bhikkh³”ti ±ha. Tasmi½ gahite pana ses± gahit±va honti r±jagaman±d²su r±jaggahaºena sesaparis± viya. Yo ca ima½ paµipatti½ paµipajjati, so bhikkhu n±ma hot²ti paµipattiy± bhikkhubh±vadassanatopi “bhikkh³”ti ±ha Paµipannako hi devo v± hotu manusso v±, “bhikkh³”ti saªkha½ gacchatiyeva. Yath±ha–

“Alaªkato cepi sama½ careyya,
santo danto niyato brahmac±r²;
sabbesu bh³tesu nidh±ya daº¹a½,
so br±hmaºo so samaºo sa bhikkh³”ti. (Dha. pa. 142).

K±yeti r³pak±ye. R³pak±yo hi idha aªgapaccaªg±na½ kes±d²nañca dhamm±na½ sam³haµµhena hatthik±yarathak±y±dayo viya k±yoti adhippeto. Yath± ca sam³haµµhena, eva½ kucchit±na½ ±yaµµhena. Kucchit±nañhi paramajegucch±na½ so ±yotipi k±yo. ¾yoti uppattideso. Tatr±ya½ vacanattho, ±yanti tatoti ±yo. Ke ±yanti? Kucchit± kes±dayo. Iti kucchit±na½ ±yoti k±yo. K±y±nupass²ti k±yamanupassanas²lo, k±ya½ v± anupassam±no.

“K±ye”ti ca vatv±pi puna “k±y±nupass²”ti dutiya½ k±yaggahaºa½ asammissato vavatth±naghanavinibbhog±didassanattha½ katanti veditabba½. Tena na k±ye vedan±nupass² v±, cittadhamm±nupass² v±, atha kho k±y±nupass²yev±ti k±yasaªkh±te vatthusmi½ k±y±nupassan±k±rasseva dassanena asammissato vavatth±na½ dassita½ hoti. Tath± na k±ye aªgapaccaªgavimutta-ekadhamm±nupass², n±pi kesalom±divinimutta-itthipuris±nupass². Yopi cettha kesalom±diko bh³tup±d±yasam³hasaªkh±to k±yo tatthapi na bh³tup±d±yavinimutta-ekadhamm±nupass², atha kho rathasambh±r±nupassako viya aªgapaccaªgasam³h±nupass², nagar±vayav±nupassako viya kesalom±disam³h±nupass², kadalikkhandhapattavaµµivinibbhujanako viya rittamuµµhiviniveµhako viya ca bh³tup±d±yasam³h±nupass²yev±ti n±nappak±rato sam³havaseneva k±yasaªkh±tassa vatthuno dassanena ghanavinibbhogo dassito hoti. Na hettha yath±vuttasam³havinimutto k±yo v± itth² v± puriso v± añño v± koci dhammo dissati yath±vuttadhammasam³hamatteyeva pana tath± tath± satt± micch±bhinivesa½ karonti. Ten±hu por±º±–

“Ya½ passati na ta½ diµµha½, ya½ diµµha½ ta½ na passati;
apassa½ bajjhate m³¼ho, bajjham±no na muccat²”ti.–

Ghanavinibbhog±didassanatthanti vutta½. ¾disaddena cettha ayampi attho veditabbo– ayañhi ekasmi½ k±ye k±y±nupass²yeva, na aññadhamm±nupass². Ki½ vutta½ hoti? Yath± anudakabh³t±yapi mar²ciy± udak±nupassino honti, na eva½ aniccadukkh±natta-asubhabh³teyeva imasmi½ k±ye niccasukha-attasubhabh±v±nupass², atha kho k±y±nupass² aniccadukkh±natta-asubh±k±rasam³h±nupass²yev±ti. Atha v± yv±ya½ parato “idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato v±…pe… so satova assasat²”ti-±din± nayena ass±sapass±s±dicuººikaj±ta-aµµhikapariyos±no k±yo vutto, yo ca “idhekacco pathavik±ya½ aniccato anupassati ±pok±ya½ tejok±ya½ v±yok±ya½ kesak±ya½ lomak±ya½ chavik±ya½ cammak±ya½ ma½sak±ya½ ruhirak±ya½ nah±ruk±ya½ aµµhik±ya½ aµµhimiñjak±yan”ti paµisambhid±ya½ (paµi. ma. 3.35) k±yo vutto, tassa sabbassa imasmi½yeva k±ye anupassanato “k±ye k±y±nupass²”ti evampi attho daµµhabbo.

Atha v± k±ye ahanti v± mamanti v± eva½ gahetabbassa yassa kassaci ananupassanato tassa tasseva pana kes±lom±dikassa n±n±dhammasam³hassa anupassanato k±ye kes±didhammasam³hasaªkh±tak±y±nupass²ti evamattho daµµhabbo. Apica “imasmi½ k±ye aniccato anupassati, no niccato”ti-±din± nayena paµisambhid±ya½ ±gatanayassa sabbasseva aniccalakkhaº±dino ±k±rasam³hasaªkh±tassa k±yass±nupassanatopi “k±ye k±y±nupass²”ti evampi attho daµµhabbo.

Tath± hi aya½ k±ye k±y±nupassan±paµipada½ paµipanno bhikkhu ima½ k±ya½ anicc±nupassan±d²na½ sattanna½ anupassan±na½ vasena aniccato anupassati, no niccato. Dukkhato anupassati, no sukhato. Anattato anupassati, no attato. Nibbindati, no nandati. Virajjati, no rajjati. Nirodheti, no samudeti. Paµinissajjati, no ±diyati. So ta½ aniccato anupassanto niccasañña½ pajahati, dukkhato anupassanto sukhasañña½ pajahati, anattato anupassanto attasañña½ pajahati, nibbindanto nandi½ pajahati, virajjanto r±ga½ pajahati, nirodhento samudaya½ pajahati, paµinissajjanto ±d±na½ pajahat²ti veditabbo.

Viharat²ti iriyati. ¾t±p²ti t²su bhavesu kilese ±t±pet²ti ±t±po, v²riyasseta½ n±ma½. ¾t±po assa atth²ti ±t±p². Sampaj±noti sampajaññasaªkh±tena ñ±ºena samann±gato. Satim±ti k±yaparigg±hik±ya satiy± samann±gato. Aya½ pana yasm± satiy± ±rammaºa½ pariggahetv± paññ±ya anupassati, na hi sativirahitassa anupassan± n±ma atthi. Tenev±ha “satiñca khv±ha½, bhikkhave, sabbatthika½ vad±m²”ti (sa½. ni. 5.234). Tasm± ettha “k±ye k±y±nupass² viharat²”ti ett±vat± k±y±nupassan±satipaµµh±nakammaµµh±na½ vutta½ hoti. Atha v± yasm± an±t±pino antosaªkhepo antar±yakaro hoti, asampaj±no up±yapariggahe anup±yaparivajjane ca sammuyhati, muµµhassati up±y±paricc±ge anup±y±pariggahe ca asamattho hoti, tenassa ta½ kammaµµh±na½ na sampajjati, tasm± yesa½ dhamm±na½ ±nubh±vena ta½ sampajjati. Tesa½ dassanattha½ “±t±p² sampaj±no satim±ti ida½ vuttan”ti veditabba½.

Iti k±y±nupassan±satipaµµh±na½ sampayogaªgañcassa dassetv± id±ni pah±naªga½ dassetu½ vineyya loke abhijjh±domanassanti vutta½. Tattha vineyy±ti tadaªgavinayena v± vikkhambhanavinayena v± vinayitv±. Loketi tasmi½yeva k±ye. K±yo hi idha lujjanapalujjanaµµhena lokoti adhippeto. Yasm± panassa na k±yamatteyeva abhijjh±domanassa½ pah²yati, vedan±d²supi pah²yatiyeva, tasm± “pañcapi up±d±nakkhandh± loko”ti vibhaªge (vibha. 362) vutta½. Lokasaªkh±tatt± v± tesa½ dhamm±na½ atthuddh±ranayeneta½ vutta½. Ya½ pan±ha “tattha katamo loko? Sveva k±yo loko”ti. Ayamevettha attho, tasmi½ loke abhijjh±domanassa½ vineyy±ti eva½ sambandho daµµhabbo. Yasm± panettha abhijjh±gahaºena k±macchando domanassaggahaºena by±p±do saªgaha½ gacchati, tasm± n²varaºapariy±pannabalavadhammadvayadassanena n²varaºappah±na½ vutta½ hot²ti veditabba½.

Visesena cettha abhijjh±vinayena k±yasampattim³lakassa anurodhassa, domanassavinayena pana k±yavipattim³lakassa virodhassa, abhijjh±vinayena ca k±ye abhiratiy±, domanassavinayena k±yabh±van±ya anabhiratiy±, abhijjh±vinayena k±ye abh³t±na½ subhasukhabh±v±d²na½ pakkhepassa, domanassavinayena ca k±ye bh³t±na½ asubh±sukhabh±v±d²na½ apanayanassa ca pah±na½ vutta½. Tena yog±vacarassa yog±nubh±vo yogasamatthat± ca d²pit± hoti. Yog±nubh±vo hi esa, yadida½ anurodhavirodhavippamutto aratiratisaho abh³tapakkhepabh³t±panayanavirahito ca hoti. Anurodhavirodhavippamutto cesa aratiratisaho abh³ta½ apakkhipanto bh³tañca anapanento yogasamattho hot²ti.

Aparo nayo “k±ye k±y±nupass²”ti ettha anupassan±ya kammaµµh±na½ vutta½. “Viharat²”ti ettha vuttavih±rena kammaµµh±nikassa k±yapariharaºa½. “¾t±p²”ti-±d²su ±t±pena sammappadh±na½, satisampajaññena sabbatthikakammaµµh±na½, kammaµµh±napariharaº³p±yo v±, satiy± v± k±y±nupassan±vasena paµiladdhasamatho, sampajaññena vipassan±, abhijjh±domanassavinayena bh±van±phala½ vuttanti veditabba½.

Vibhaªge pana “anupass²”ti tattha katam± anupassan±? Y± paññ± paj±nan±…pe… samm±diµµhi. Aya½ vuccati anupassan±. Im±ya anupassan±ya upeto hoti samupeto up±gato samup±gato upapanno sampanno samann±gato. Tena vuccati anupass²ti.

Viharat²ti iriyati vattati p±leti yapeti y±peti carati viharati. Tena vuccati viharat²ti.

¾t±p²ti tattha katamo ±t±po? Yo cetasiko v²riy±rambho…pe… samm±v±y±mo. Aya½ vuccati ±t±po. Imin± ±t±pena upeto hoti…pe… samann±gato. Tena vuccati ±t±p²ti.

Sampaj±noti tattha katama½ sampajañña½? Y± paññ± paj±nan±…pe… samm±diµµhi. Ida½ vuccati sampajañña½. Imin± sampajaññena upeto hoti…pe… samann±gato. Tena vuccati sampaj±noti.

Satim±ti tattha katam± sati? Y± sati anussati…pe… samm±sati. Aya½ vuccati sati. Im±ya satiy± upeto hoti…pe… samann±gato. Tena vuccati satim±ti.

Vineyya loke abhijjh±domanassanti tattha katamo loko? Sveva k±yo loko, pañcapi up±d±nakkhandh± loko. Aya½ vuccati loko. Tattha katam± abhijjh±? Yo r±go s±r±go anunayo anurodho nand² nand²r±go cittassa s±r±go, aya½ vuccati abhijjh±. Tattha katama½ domanassa½? Ya½ cetasika½ as±ta½, cetasika½ dukkha½, cetosamphassaja½ as±ta½…pe… dukkh± vedan±. Ida½ vuccati domanassa½. Iti ayañca abhijjh± idañca domanassa½ imamhi loke vin²t± honti paµivin²t± sant± v³pasant± samit± v³pasamit± atthaªgat± abbhatthaªgat± appit± byappit± sosit± visosit± byant²kat±, tena vuccati vineyya loke abhijjh±domanassanti (vibha. 356) evametesa½ pad±namattho vutto. Tena saha aya½ aµµhakath±nayo yath± sa½sandati, eva½ veditabbo. Aya½ t±va k±y±nupassan±satipaµµh±nuddesassa atthavaººan±.

Vedan±su… citte… dhammesu dhamm±nupass² viharati…pe… vineyya loke abhijjh±domanassanti ettha pana vedan±nupass²ti evam±d²su vedan±d²na½ puna vacane payojana½ k±y±nupassan±ya½ vuttanayeneva veditabba½. Vedan±su vedan±nupass², citte citt±nupass², dhammesu dhamm±nupass²ti ettha pana vedan±ti tisso vedan±, t± ca lokiy± eva. Cittampi lokiya½, tath± dhamm±. Tesa½ vibh±go niddesav±re p±kaµo bhavissati. Kevala½ panidha yath± vedan± anupassitabb±, tath± anupassanto vedan±su vedan±nupass²ti veditabbo. Esa nayo cittadhammesupi. Kathañca vedan± anupassitabb±ti? Sukh± t±va vedan± dukkhato, dukkh± sallato, adukkhamasukh± aniccato. Yath±ha–

“Yo sukha½ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;
adukkhamasukha½ santa½, adakkhi na½ aniccato;
sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, upasanto carissat²”ti. (Sa½. ni. 4.253).

Sabb± eva cet± dukkh±tipi anupassitabb±. Vuttañheta½ “ya½kiñci vedayita½, sabba½ ta½ dukkhasminti vad±m²”ti (sa½. ni. 4.259). Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabb±. Yath±ha “sukh± vedan± µhitisukh± vipariº±madukkh±”ti (ma. ni. 1.464) sabba½ vitth±retabba½. Apica anicc±disatt±nupassan±vasenapi anupassitabb±. Sesa½ niddesav±reyeva p±kaµa½ bhavissati. Cittadhammesupi citta½ t±va ±rammaº±dhipatisahaj±tabh³mikammavip±kakiriy±din±nattabhed±na½ anicc±disatt±nupassan±na½ niddesav±re ±gatasar±g±dibhed±nañca vasena anupassitabba½. Dhamm± salakkhaºas±maññalakkhaº±na½ suññatadhammassa anicc±disatt±nupassan±na½ niddesav±re ±gatasant±sant±dibhed±nañca vasena anupassitabb±. Sesa½ vuttanayameva. K±mañcettha yassa k±yasaªkh±te loke abhijjh±domanassa½ pah²na½, tassa vedan±dilokesupi ta½ pah²nameva. N±n±puggalavasena pana n±n±cittakkhaºikasatipaµµh±nabh±van±vasena ca sabbattha vutta½. Yato v± ekattha pah²na½ sesesupi pah²na½ hoti. Tenevassa tattha pah±nadassanatthampi eva½ vuttanti veditabbanti.

Uddesav±rakath±vaººan± niµµhit±.